...Effects of Maternal Substance Abuse on Infants Casey A. Burns Oklahoma City University The Effects of Maternal Substance Abuse on Infants Substance abuse is a topic that is encountered in our world everyday. Drinking and doing drugs are recreational activities that many people choose to participate in on a regular basis. What most people do not understand is that if you drink and do drugs while pregnant, then the fetus is essentially drinking and doing drugs as well. This is because the majority of anything the mother injests crosses the placental and hematoencephalic barrier with out being metabolised first which in turn affects, primarily, the central nervous system of the unborn fetus (Kassada, Marcon, Pagliarini, Rossi,...
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...Defined This paper will cover briefly a multidimensional analysis of pregnant women and cocaine use. This paper will explore how women, particularly pregnant women can be challenged by cocaine use. There will be A review of the literature and policies that impact this population. In history, women have been making strides against oppression and discrimination in health, social welfare, policy and many other areas of life (Eisenberg,1998). For purposes of this paper, inner urban cities will be discussed as it impacts pregnant women. To date, gender and issues of equality remain at the forefront. Advocacy organizations like Planned Parenthood, advocate for reproductive health care for women. Certain cultural practices, prohibit...
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...Eating, Substance Abuse, Sex/Gender/Sexual, Impulse-Control, and Personality Disorders The capacity for normal human functioning is reduced when an individual suffers from eating disorders, substance abuse, sexual, gender identity and/or personality disorders. When an individual suffers from an eating disorder their perception of the self is blurred with a constant need to be “skinner”. Society plays a major role in self-perception. Society portrays beauty as women and men who weigh ninety-five pounds. Due to this current obsession to be skinny in today’s society, many young girls and boys will develop an eating disorder, or turn to drugs and alcohol as a way to escape from the daily pressures to be beautiful in today’s society. This paper will analyze the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of eating, substance abuse, sex/gender/sexual, and personality disorders. The DSM-IV-TR includes two axis I categories of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa—restricting and binge-eating/purging types—and bulimia nervosa—purging and non-purging types. Biological factors involved with eating disorders include genetic basis, hormonal excesses and deficiencies and abnormal neural activity. People who suffer from anorexia and bulimia usually have low serotonin levels as well as structural brain abnormalities. High expectations set by parents is a key factor in the emotional aspect of this disorder. Many strive toward high expectations and suffer the effects of...
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...The topic that will be discussed in this paper is fetal alcohol syndrome. This topic was chosen because I work closely with parents that expose their children to substance abuse before birth. Alcohol is one of those substances unfortunately that parents are exposing their children too. This is a major phenomenon in today’s society and is a relevant issue for many social workers. As a social worker I can use the science behind fetal alcohol syndrome to educate and inform my clients to make better decisions. This education can allow my client’s to live healthy life styles and became aware of their decisions. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is defined as a medical diagnosis in an infant or child whose prenatal growth is not up to par. The child may be under weight or length in the tenth percentile. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can be rage on different severity levels and is defined on the amount of alcohol the mother consumes during prenatal care (Froschl,Bruner-Ziegler, Wirl 2013).The central nervous system and neurological system usually experience abnormalities in development. Behavioral dysfunction, intellectual impairment, and facial abnormalities are also signs for Fetal Alcohol syndrome (Pancratz, 1993). Due to the intellectual impairment the average IQ score of some one...
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...carefully thought out healthy meals were meant to sustain children throughout the day and give them quality nutrition so that they could focus on their studies. The precise way the meal was made was also meant to mirror the role of a Japanese citizen. The introduction of fast food has not only had an impact on Obentos, it has also impacted obesity in Japan. Obesity rates have risen from 3% prior to the introduction of fast food, to 10% currently. Japan now has the second largest amount of McDonald’s franchises in the world, after the USA. WGU GLT1 Task 2 Drug or substance abuse is a socially significant problem in the United States that affects us all. Drug abuse can significantly impact families and communities. Thirty one percent of America's homeless suffer from drug abuse or alcoholism. As many as sixty percent of adults in Federal prisons are there for drug-related crimes. Children with prenatal cocaine exposure are more likely to need special education services in school. Special education costs for the affected communities are estimated at $23 million per year. In 2007, illicit drug users were more likely than others to have missed two or more days of work in the past month and to have worked for three or more employers in the past...
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...The Alaskan Native and Health Promotion The Alaskan Native and Health Promotion In the United States in 2013 there were 11.2 million American Indians and Alaska Natives nation wide representing approx. 2% of the population. The state with the highest population percentage of natives was Alaska, with 134,361 accounting for 14.3% of the population (United States Census Bureau. 2013). It is this group that is going to be focused on now in this paper because of the unique issues and barriers that are found in attempting health promotion within this minority. Many different problems arise when attempting change in the region ranging from education levels, large cultural differences, geological isolation, and substance abuse. There is a strong and deep-seated lack of trust towards anyone who is not from the area because of past mistakes and abuses. In 1950 46% of all Alaskan native deaths were because of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases which were brought in by outsiders (Alaska Native Health Status Report. 2009). The medical profession to this day is still regarded as a possible threat instead of an asset especially by the older population. What level of health promotion prevention will work best to facilitate the changes needed in Alaskan Native health? The current health status of Alaska natives is well below the national average in a multitude of ways. It has improved markedly in the past couple of decades but still needs considerable attention. The Alaskan Native...
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...Impact and Relationship of Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment: Risk and Resiliency Factors What Research Tells Us Martha Morrison Dore, Ph.D. Columbia University School of Social Work 622 West 113th Street New York, New York 10027 212/854-5461 Paper prepared for presentation at the conference entitled “Protecting Children in Substance Abusing Families,” September 28, 1998, sponsored by the Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota School of Social Work, Minneapolis, MN. Researchers are just beginning to demonstrate empirically what child protective services workers have been observing for nearly two decades now: many, if not most, families who come to the attention of the child welfare system are involved with drugs or alcohol or both. Founded cases of child abuse and neglect have risen exponentially since the mid-1980s, when the crack form of cocaine, a cheap, easily used form of the drug, became widely available. Studies conducted since that time have identified substance abuse as a contributing factor in 40% to 80% of substantiated cases of child maltreatment (Curtis & McCullough, 1993; Magura & Laudet, 1996; Murphy, Jellinek, Quinn, Smith, Poitrast, & Goshko, 1991). Further, studies of substance abusing parents have found child-rearing beliefs and attitudes that heighten risk for child abuse (Williams-Peterson et al., 1994), as well as elevated rates of first-time reports to child protective services (Jaudes & Ekwo, 1995), re-reports...
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...Research Paper: Victory Over Depression Abstract: In today’s society depression can be seen as taboo and something that is not socially acceptable. However, it is the ongoing reality for many women. The struggle with depression in the life of women is more common than not, whether it is undiagnosed or diagnosis it is prevalent regardless of ones socioeconomically background. The paper will explore depression onset, treatment and explore how individuals can have work towards having complete victory over depression. Class session 9 – “Fox Meadows Assisted Living”, page 177-178, Sweeney-Feld and Oetjen textbook. The case study questions that you must respond to are found on page 178. The review of each team case should not exceed 12 double spaced pages, not including your APA cover page and a reference page. All type must be Times Roman 12 point pica. Use the APA style for citing all sources The team management paper (e.g., case analysis) accounts for 25 points, or 25 percent of your grade Background: The black box of depression can potentially have an unpredictable impact on the life of an individual. Those who struggle with this diagnosis on a day to day basis at times cannot predict the outcome of the situation if left untreated. That National Alliance of Mental Illness reports nearly 15 million Americans averaging one and ten adults experience some form of depression annually. The statistics amongst women are considerably startling because one...
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...Early Childhood Development and Social Inequalities by all families should have the same opportunities to live a descent life. But due to the backgrounds of some families, and children, they may not have a chance for this. There are certain risk factors that have a bearing on social inequalities in health, and particularly those that are prone to preventative intervention. There are many that I could talk about, but I have picked out four of these factors to talk about. They are biological factors, family and social factors, parenting factors, and attachment. Even these I feel that I will not be able to cover completely, because there is only a certain part we see, and then there is the that is kept hidden from all. There are many factors that influence the development and social inequalities in a child’s life. These include biological, family and social factors, parenting factors, attachment, and the way non-maternal care is influenced. All of these are risk factors that are likely to have a bearing on the child’s social inequalities on their health. The biological factors include premature birth, low birth weight, and a serious medical illness. The significantly influence and infants growth. “Low birth weight, less than 2500 grams, has a prevalence of 6 percent in white middle-class U.S. women, and 15 percent in ethnic minority teenagers. These teenagers tend to be single mothers.” At the Infant Health and Development Project, they found that in a large amount of premature infants...
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...disease in the community, and investigate and evaluate interventions to prevent disease and maintain health. (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). Epidemiology today is considered to be the core science of public health and is described as a constellation of disciplines with a common mission: optimal health for the whole community (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). Epidemiology has reformed public health and continues to strive for disease prevention and health promotion in communities across the world. The population and disease that will be discussed in relation to epidemiology in this paper with be of HIV in the homeless population. This paper will focus on the homeless population in regards to their vulnerability and susceptibility to HIV, along with the epidemiology and levels of prevention. This paper will also discuss the definition and purpose of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the...
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...Introduction Violence in America's society is a major problem. This problem can be traced back as far as fetal development. Is not rocket science to realize that most angry violent acts are due to a disturbed child or individual that lacked attention, love or care? Violence is not a new problem and scientists are just finding out new facts about how it starts and how it can be prevented. Violence is a social problem that increases over the years. Violence is shown in magazines and books, on television and in the media. Violence on television is a major source for aggressive or violent behavior, but Children also pick up violence from a parent or guardian at an early age. It has been psychologically proven that males are more aggressive than females. Therefore, if a child's parents are being aggressive, their actions tend to be imitated. Children are affected very much in different ways from their families. That is why the families’ role in children's life is very important. Families are the key factor in youth violence. The early developmental stages of babies is key to starting a good lifelong learning experience. This is the certain time in which their brains and behavior patterns are significantly developing. Babies need that love and sense of closeness to obtain a healthy start. Obviously mothers who smoke, drink or do drugs while pregnant can cause serious health problems. Also, when they are young most of the time these problems persist. This...
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...Introduction Human development is a lifelong process that begins at the union of an ovum and a sperm and does not end until an individual is declared dead. This paper is a biographical account of Andrei Edoja Dmitri. He was born April 21, 1945 in Scarborough, Ontario. With the help of developmental psychological concepts and theories, the paper narrates his life journey from conception, prenatal development, infancy, childhood, and adolescence through adulthood including his basic physical and psychological development and growth respectively. The biography also narrates what growing up was for Andrei, his family, the different life changing events he encountered in his life, the achievements he celebrated and his moments of doubts and pain. Andrei is the first-born child of two immigrant parents, Omoye and Nicolai, from Nigeria and Russian respectively, who had come to Canada some years before his birth as students. He has a younger sister called Ivana. Infancy and Early Childhood Four years into their common-law relationship, Andrei was conceived by Omoye, an immigrant undergraduate English student from Nigeria after an awesome spring getaway break in Mexico with her Russian partner, Nicolai. Nicolai was an undergraduate computer science student at the same University with Omoye. The process of prenatal development occurs in three stages. Two weeks after conception is known as the germinal stage. During this period the single-celled zygote that contained the genetic instructions...
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...Reasons not to legalize marijuana COMPOSITION II / EN-1420 Module 6 – Final Paper Come on have some fun and relax. Take a long drag on a funny little cigarette, chill for a while. Float in the sky like a bird and land on a cloud. BAM! You crash into a brick wall. Because its illegal. Several people say that Marijuana is a new fade. I disagree. The first direct reference to the use of marijuana was documented in China, in 2737 BC. The Chinese Emperor Shen Nung determined after using it as a social drug, it worked as a medication for pains in the joins, when taken it as a tea and smoking. As a recreationally drug it spread to India were the Muslims too used instead of alcohol consumption. It was the Muslims who introduced hashish, whose popularity spread quickly throughout 12th century Persia (Iran) and North Africa. It made its way to the new land in the mid 1500’s. Marijuana became a major crop like tobacco through the 1600’s in James Town. It stayed that way for over two hundred years until it was replaced by cotton in the 1890’s. It was used as medicine, intoxicant and a social drug through 1930, where it was considered a “Gateway” drug. (Tagliaferro) Medical uses Supposed benefits of medical marijuana are: decrease anxiety, slows Alzheimer's disease, helps multiple pains/muscle spasms, side effects Hepatitis C, treats inflammatory bowel diseases, relieves arthritis discomfort, increases symptoms of lupus, an autoimmune disorder, soothes tremors from Parkinson's...
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...SCHIZOPHRENIA: NATURE OR NURTURE? 1 Schizophrenia: Nature or Nurture? Francia Pulido Miami Dade College SCHIZOPHRENIA: NATURE OR NURTURE? 2 Abstract Schizophrenia continues to create new challenges today and continues to be a complicated mental illness. There had been a misconception that Schizophrenia is a rare condition. But it is actually not rare; in fact each person has a risk of developing it within their lifetime. It is most common to psychoses, and half of the inpatients in mental hospitals are Schizophrenics. It is a brain disorder that can happen to anyone occurring in any culture, affecting men and women equally and all areas of functioning, including thought, emotion, perception and behavior. So to prove that Schizophrenia is a major mental health problem that can affect from all walks of life. The cause of Schizophrenia is not fully known. However, it shows that Schizophrenia may caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Biological interpretations have dominated in past studies. But twin and adoption studies suggest that environmental factors help in triggering Schizophrenia. Nonetheless, neither the biological not the environmental categories is completely determinant, and there is no assurance that one will ensure if he will or will not develop Schizophrenia. Keywords: Schizophrenia; developing, cause, genetic, environmental, biological SCHIZOPHRENIA:...
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...Running Head: Poverty Examination of a Concept: Poverty Shelton Land Virginia Commonwealth University Poverty 2 EXAMINATION OF A CONCEPT: POVERTY Introduction Poverty has existed persistently since it was uncovered. The results of a family or individual living in poverty range from infectious diseases to drug abuse. “As the economy has shifted from the industrial sector to services and computer based technology, the impact has hit hardest for working class and poor families, with limited education, job skills and employment opportunities” (Walsh, 2003, pp.17). Despite the effects of poverty, different individuals have different perceptions about the persisting problem. Some assert that poverty is a natural condition of man; while others view it as self-imposed, imposed, or a debilitating economic situation. This paper will examine the many concepts of poverty and discuss how it is related to at least two theoretical perspectives on human behavior, how it has changed over time, current issues related to poverty and how these issues are similar and different for two countries. Definition Many scholars and researchers define poverty as an insufficiency of the material necessities of life. The disparities between the rich and poor have increased so solemnly since the industrial revolution that it formed a poverty line. A poverty line which is used in defining what percentage of the population is poor based on the economy. Poverty 3 The US Census Bureau (2009) cites...
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