Review of Related Literature

Introduction: Prepaid cards are made out of plastic and other synthetic materials chosen from a variety of cardboard, PVC, PET and Polystyrene. It can be plenty found everywhere especially at present because of the cell phone and as a need of the people especially in their cell phones. Because of the growing population, moreandmore make use of cell phones and the domino effect is the high quantity of used prepaid cards trashed in the environment, which is bad and has no good effect on us. Thickness Because it is made of such materials stated above, it is said to be durable and a good insulator.

IV: Prepaid cards are made out of plastic and other synthetic materials chosen from a variety of cardboard, PVC, PET and Polystyrene.

DV:
Roof serves as support, outer layer of any building, serves as insulation, and drainage.
In most countries, a roof protects primarily against rain. Depending upon the nature of the building, the roof may also protect against wind. Roof cannot provide the enough insulation to keep a room free from the heat from the sun. That is why the used of thatch, a natural fibrous material have excellent in…

Synthesis of the review: Prepaid cards are made out of plastic and other synthetic materials chosen from a variety of cardboard, PVC, PET and Polystyrene, which is a good insulator. Plastic on the other hand is strong like the containers made out of it.

Prepaid card as an Additive in Roof Making

Background of the study: Nowadays, many edifices are being construct. Of course, any establishment built without a roof, which is the uppermost part of the building is incomplete. A roof serves as a protection for its contents and the building itself against the effects of weather. Even the smallest thing like a letterbox needs a roof. A cathedral, stadium, shops, and dwellings or houses being the most numerous needs a roof. In most countries,` a roof protects primarily against rain. Depending upon the nature of the building, the roof may also protect against wind. Other types of structure, for example, a garden conservatory, might use roofing that protects against cold & against wind and rain but admits light. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but still admits other elements like wind. The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that it covers, the availability of the roofing materials & the local traditions of construction & wider concepts of architectural design & practice Commercial roofs that made today are very costly and have no assurance of the long durability and good insulation it will provide. This study will be conducting in order to provide an effective yet affordable alternative.

Statement of the problem: This research study will be conduct to examine the potential of used prepaid cards in improving the quality of roof made. Specifically, this will answer the following questions;
· Is there a significant difference between the roofs with prepaid cards and the commercial ones like _________________ in terms of:
Ø Durability
Ø Availability of the materials
Ø Expenses
Ø Insulation
Ø Effectivity
· Will the used prepaid cards be an effective additive in improving the quality of the roof made?

Significance of the study:

It is therefore, very important to search for an alternative cheap means of additives to be used in improving the quality of roof.

Scope & delimitation: The researchers will be conducting the study at Liceo de Buenavista. The efficiency of the used prepaid cards was applicable to the isolate use of conditions under which the experiment was conducted. This study will focus only on prepaid cards as an additive in roof making.

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction
Nowadays, many edifices are being construct. Of course, any establishment built without a roof, which is the uppermost part of the building is incomplete. A roof serves as a protection for its contents and the building itself against the effects of weather. Even the smallest thing like a letterbox needs a roof. A cathedral, stadium, shops, and dwellings or houses being the most numerous needs a roof. In most countries, a roof protects primarily against rain. Depending upon the nature of the building, the roof may also protect against wind. Other types of structure, for example, a garden conservatory, might use roofing that protects against cold & against wind and rain but admits light. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but still admits other elements like wind. The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that it covers, the availability of the roofing materials & the local traditions of construction & wider concepts of architectural design & practice. Some materials used as roof are thatch; a natural fibrous material has excellent insulating properties. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have supports and the best examples are ceilings installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose is to insulate against heat and cold, and from noise, dirt and often from droppings of lice of birds that frequently chooses roof as nesting places. Other forms of insulation are felt or plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface; another is synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. According to Dr. Frank Falk, research engineer of Forest Product (2000), a technology of manufacturing fiber and recycled plastic composites of panelized roofing system now exists. It is an ideal application for this recycled composite technology. Initial evaluation of this composite roofing system indicates several possible advantages compared with existing manufactured roofing system such as low cost, re- usable, dimensional stability, ease of use, labor savings and lighter weight.

Prepaid cards. It is composed of non- biodegradable materials like plastics, polymer, (a substance that makes plastic glossy in appearance); and other synthetic materials chosen from a variety of cardboard, PVC, PET and Polystyrene. Since the evolution of cell phones became as fast as the blink of the eyes, the production of prepaid cards almost doubled in the augmentation. The materials stated above take about a decade or more to decay and during the time it takes up to decompose, it piles up in the surroundings causing hazards in the environment as well to the human beings. In the environment, it may cause clogging of drainage, secretion of harmful or toxic materials and destroys the fertility of soil. When it comes to human, it may affect our health seriously.

METHODOLOGY

The researchers will collect prepaid cards. The cards will be grinded into pieces, until it becomes powdered. Then, mix the powdered prepaid cards with water, cement and white cement. The amount of the mixture of cement and resin will be 76g (gram by mass) for varied amounts of powdered prepaid cards and make also a controlled set up in the form of a roof made without prepaid cards.
When the mixture becomes sticky place it in four molders with six inches long by four inches width and one inch thick dimension. Then allow the mixture to set.
The following test will be gone through the products finished:
· Breaking strength
§ Compression strength
§ Water absorbency
§ Heat transfer