...1. What past forest management activities have lead to the unique landscape seen today at Shelburne Farms? The ice storm hurt the forest big time there for some management activities were focused on making sure the forest aspects can stand another storm like the ice storm more so than it did last time. And the landscape has changed due to water erosion and land movement. The hills make for the sugar lines to run smoother and quicker. On the other hand the steady land makes it easier to collect sap buckets. 2. How did the 1998 ice storm affect forestlands at Shelburne Farms? What kind of challenge does this type of natural disturbance present for forest managers? The 1998 ice storm affected the Shelburne Farms forestlands by destroying many trees and most things froze to where they broke. The sap had to stop flowing because the trees were so damaged and solid. The ground and landscape also could have been damaged as well. This kind of disturbance to the forest can prevent sales and even take time to rebuild the entire forest floor. 3. One major challenge facing forest managers and sugarbush owners in the northeast is deer overpopulation. How do deer affect the long-term management of a forestland? Sugar lines if any would be affected and possibly the buckets may be torn down. The deer also would eat the natural wild life around and bugs that are keeping the pests away. 4. In the Shelburne Farms management plan, the section on Harvest Systems is quite specific...
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...has helped us to understand why different groups of the human race act the way they do, as well as introduces us to other cultures, and different backgrounds. The case study gives a good example of the different roles culture plays in the attitudes of the different groups and how everyday lives are affected. When we look at Case Study A, we must first examine the measurements of underdevelopment, socially, economically and politically. We must also know what defines a undeveloped country and its main theories of underdevelopment. These two theories respectively are the modernization theory and the dependency theory. Almost one half of third world families depend on agriculture to feed there families. One billion of the rural poor live in dangerous conditions. A large percent of the population relys on agriculture for its survival. Agrarian reform is what we are dealing with the case study that involves country A. The availability of land and crop prices play a heavy role here. We have to examine land ownership closely. In some countries only the elite own the land. Others may vary. In these countries like country A we have to take a close look at who owns the land. It has been difficult for these countries to reform due to rural class structures and...
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...with the rest of the tribe, the stay behind to die ← Wild wheat crossed with goat weed to make a fertile hybrid (emma) used by nomads as a food source • It crossed again with another strand of goat wheat to make bread wheat • Wheat and water turned a barren waste land into a fertile food source for nomads ← Jericho was a nomadic settlement by 1,500 BC • One of the earliest settlements ← Bible is part history and part lore ← In 10,000 bc cycles were made for slicing, but by 9,000 bc cycles were made for sawing ← Agriculture was evolved again by the domestication of wild animals for farming purposes ← The Horse became the turning point in the change/increase in agriculture...
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...Discuss the impact of desertification on land, ecosystems and people. Desertification is ‘the diminution or destruction of the biological potential of the land which can lead ultimately to desert-like conditions’. Mainly as a result of climatic changes, changes in farming and population growth, desertification has had huge impacts on land, ecosystems and people. Maps of NE of Africa to compare its dry, vegetated and saturated area between May 2007 and May 2011. It shows a significant decrease in area covered by vegetation and expansion in arid area in Sudan and Ethiopia. Climatic change (decrease in rainfall and increase in evapotranspiration rate) has led to the death of vegetation; change in farming and overgrazing has made it very difficult for vegetation to re-establish itself while other human activities e.g. overcultivation and deforestation has removed vegetation cover in the area. As a result, here is a reduction in the amount of vegetation in deserted area. Because of population growth (as a result of high birth rate and/or immigration – refugee), there is a higher demand for woods for cooking, which leads to deforestation and an increase in the area of treeless zones. The decrease in forest cover in Haiti from 1990 through 2005 was about 10% and it is now estimated that the radius of the treeless zone around Khartorm, Sudan is 90km. The reduction in vegetated and forest area leads to the reduction in biodiversity since it contributes to the destruction...
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...The Problem with the Safety of Roundup Ready Soybeans Aurelia Bright Abstract: Farmers have been looking for a labour and time effective solution to weeds that grow and compete with their crops since they began farming. In 1970 when Monsanto introduced Roundup, a systemic herbicide, farmers rejoiced. Because Roundup is effective against annual and perennial weeds it was time efficient as it enabled farmers to treat a field once rather than twice as was previously necessary. The next landmark innovation came in the form of herbicide resistant crops, specifically, Roundup Ready crops. These were crops that genetically engineered to be resistant to Roundup which allowed farmers to spray fields with herbicide. They no longer had to discern between what a weed was and what was a crop, they could spray everything indiscriminately. This simple weed management system went on to revolutionise the entire farming industry. Introduction: Charles Darwin first set out the theory of evolution in the 19th century. He proposed that plants and animals were in competition for the same resources and that only the fittest and strongest survive and pass on their genes to the next generation. Farmers have been giving their crops a helping hand in that fight since 10,000 B.C. by weeding, using salt to deter pests and keeping seeds from high yielding crops to sow the following year (Kingsbury, 2009). Over time, as farmers came to understand more about breeding techniques, they began to choose...
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...The History of New Holland Worldwide The history of New Holland dates back to October 1872 with the humble beginning of the New Holland Machine Works in a one person Farm-Equipment Repair Shop. No one paid much attention when a 26-year-old Machinist named Abraham Zimmerman opened a tiny repair shop at New Holland, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The first machine build by Zimmerman was a small portable feed mill. Designated to be the no.1 mill it launched the New Holland Machine Works into the feed grinding business, from which, it has never departed. Abraham Zimmerman decided to expand his little company by incorporation and selling stocks to his friends and customers. In 1895, the New Holland Machine Works became the New Holland Machine Company, a name that would carry the firm to prominence in farm Equipment Company. During the next half century, New Holland introduced highly successful machines such as Balers, Rock Crushers, Limestone Pulverizers, Conveyors, Milling Machines, Engines, Coal, Furnaces and an early rotary Lawn Mower. In 1947, New Holland Machine Company came under the ownership of Sperry Corporation; additional plants were acquired in Mountville, Belleville, Pennsylvania and Lancaster. The New Holland Machine Company was now poised to become the industry leader in grassland farming in next decade and brought 100 new products into the line, including Fertilizers spreaders, Farm wagons, crop dryers and crop drying fans. In 1970 an exciting boldness characterized...
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...Business 604: Panama Ricky McNeal Liberty University Dr. Stephen Preacher October 5, 2012 Abstract Panama, a small country located in Central America, is very diversified in both its people and its climate. Considered to be the isthmus connecting South America to North America, Panama has played a key role in global transportation since the creation of the Panama Canal. The canal goes through the midsection of the country connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, allowing for much faster sea travel. Because of its location, Panama has been heavily influenced by several countries including Colombia which they were ruled by until 1903 and the United States which played such a large role in the realization of the canal. These foreign influences can easily be found in Panama's cuisine, music, and artwork as well as all the tribes that have settled within the country. The culture and political structures of Panama as we know it today has evolved from an incredibly diverse and interesting history. Punctuality is appreciated by business people, as is giving your host enough time to plan for your arrival. Thus, you should make appointments at least one week in advance. When you meet with your Panamanian colleagues, a handshake is a normal greeting. Do not rush into a meeting with talk of business right away. Your associates are more likely interested in getting...
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...Business Plan Projects The Royal Project Foundation is aimed to promote agricultural production on the highlands in order to reduce opium production and help developing overall welfare of the highland communities. As parts of the Royal Project Foundation’s work, new processed food products are continuously developed from raw materials and ingredients produced by farmers and hill tribes to help distribute excess supplies to and increase demands of agricultural products in the market. With assistant from professors and experts from various universities and private sectors, by-products / processed products are researched and produced with high-quality standard as well as safety concern for consumers, and according to safety and standards of the Thai FDA regulations. With the brand of the Royal Project, it already has competitive advantage over competitors. However, these products have still not yet formulated any business plan and the stories have not been communicated widely enough to end-consumers. Also, it is essential to guarantee to the farmers the production volume in order for them to plan the agricultural production in advance (usually a year ahead). With the business plan, it would give a clear direction for any future decision making on these products. The required business plan should involve the areas from Product Design, Feasibility Studies, Costing & Financial Projection, Launch Plan and Implementations. The followings are the products for BBA students to select...
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...the Department of Agriculture (DA) which was established to lead and coordinate the national agriculture and fisheries research and development (R&D) in the country. BAR is committed to consolidate, strengthen, and develop the agriculture and fisheries R&D system for the purpose of improving its effectiveness and efficiency by ensuring customer satisfaction and continuous improvement through work excellence, teamwork and networking, accountability and innovation. Mission To attain food security and reduce poverty through technology-based agriculture and fisheries sector Vision "A better life for Filipinos through excellence in agriculture and fisheries research and development" Mandate Executive Order 116, under the 1986 Freedom Constitution, created the Bureau of Agricultural Research with the mandate: "…to ensure that all agricultural research is coordinated and undertaken for maximum utility to agriculture. It shall tap farmers, farmer organizations, and research institutions, especially the State Colleges and Universities, in the conduct of research for the use of the Ministry and its clientele, particularly the farmers/fishermen and other rural workers." Further expanded and strengthened the mandate of BAR by providing leadership in enhancing, consolidating and unifying the national and regional agriculture and fisheries research and development programs of the National Research and Development System in Agriculture and Fisheries (NaRDSAF)...
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...inability to produce enough food to keep pace with population growth. Such a simplistic reckoning fails to take into account the ecological, cultural, social and economic features which are the bedrock of sustainable agriculture. Environmental degradation and a diminishing resource base seriously affect African farmers who depend on rainfed agriculture. As critical watersheds are deforested, water supplies have become unreliable and the climate less predictable. Local actors are seldom consulted when agricultural policies are formulated. Small-scale farmers (especially women) find it hard to get credit, seeds and other inputs, and the information they need to farm their land in a profitable, sustainable way. Some governments still control the prices of key farm outputs, and unscrupulous traders manipulate the prices of others. In addition, political instability is a major obstacle to food security and sustainable agriculture in many countries. Access to sufficient food is a sustainable manner is a fundamental human right. Realizing this, NGOs, community organizations, research institutions and governments in Africa have been testing alternative agricultural technologies and approaches for over a decade. Such approaches as "conservation farming" and organic agriculture are becoming part of the technical packages of both international and...
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...some of the additives listed above • Food scientist have also spent a lot of time reengineering our foods – so they last longer on grocery store shelves • 90% of the processed food products in the grocery store contain either a corn or soybean ingredient and most of the time they contain both (so you may be eating less variety than you think) • Animals, like cows and fish are fed with corn – because it is so cheap • Candy, chips and soda are cheaper at the supermarkets because the commodity crops like corn, wheat, and soybeans are heavily subsidized – biggest predictor of obesity is income level • Type 2 diabetes used to only affect adults and now it is affecting children in epidemic proportions • Modern agriculture is all about doing things faster, fatter, bigger and cheaper. No one is thinking about the health of our system • People are so disconnected...
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...PROFITABILITY OF FLOWER PRODUCTION AND MARKETING This study examines the production and profitability of some selected flowers in comparison with their competing crops. Identified some problems of flower marketing which are, * Unavailability of sufficient flowers according to demand at right time * Lack of adequate and suitable transportation system. Measures to overcome these problems, * Establishment of mode storage facilities, * Improvement of cultivation practices of flower for the whole year * Arrangement of contract marketing. The flower traders face various problems: * Institutional credit should be made available to the intermediaries on easyterms and at a lower rate of interest. * Marketing loss should be reduced by improving storage, handling andprocessing facilities. Government should arrange training for flowers traderson post harvesting handling and storage of flowers on scientific basis. * Market facilities, such as tin shed, drainage, etc. should beimproved Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations for facilitating flower production and developing an improved marketing system in Bangladesh may be feasible if government and non- government agencies should take a concentrated effort - * to enhance flower production by train-up the flower-farmers, * to provide appropriate production assistance and storage facility, * to provide support farmers in marketing of the produced flowers, *...
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...AGRICLINICS AND AGRIBUSINESS CENTRE INTRODUCTION: With the diversification and modernisation of agricultural practices, there is a need to augment support and extension services for agriculture. For this purpose, a scheme for setting up agriclinics and agribusiness centres by agriculture graduates has been launched by GoI with the support of NABARD. These centres will provide a package of input facilities, consultancy and other services. They will strengthen transfer of technology and extension services and also provide self employment opportunities to technically trained persons. BACKGROUND OF THE SCHEME: There are 11,900 graduates from agriculture and allied sectors passing out from agricultural universities in India. However, only 2000 are able to get employment in Government/Private sectors. Thus there remains a vast pool of around 9900 graduates in the country who can support and boost agricultural production process if viable business opportunities are provided to them. On the other hand there exists an agricultural extension system which is fast shrinking resulting in wide extension gaps between those who require improved technologies and those who generate them.Thus in the aftermath of this wide extension gap and the vast pool of unemployed agriculture pass outs remains to be tapped to provide support to the extension system and ultimately to help improve agricultural productivity. This gave birth to a unique and ambitions scheme to address the twin objectives...
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...Farming's Impact on the Rise and Fall of the Mayan Empire History is an ever-changing concept. The world as we know it has not always been the way we know it to be, and with each new discovery a different connection/story line is revealed. One of the greatest mysteries of ancient history is the fall of the Mayan Civilization. The Mayan's are thought to be one of the most technologically advanced and successful civilizations of our world's early and most primitive times, but as quick as they conquered they vanished. There are many different theories as to what caused the Mayan's to fall and disappear however, the theory that seems to have the most support is that the one thing that allowed them to be most successful also doomed them in their final days... farming. The Mayan Civilization grew so rapidly due to their advanced agricultural techniques, their ability to develop and perfect these techniques based on their need to produce more food for their growing needs, however ultimately these farming methods failed them leaving their enormous civilization dependant on food THEY farmed hungry and forced to move on or die out. To start, the Mayan's weren't a very large nation nor did they have very usable land to be able to farm on. They were located in Mesoamerica in the center of many wetlands and hills/mountains, however they did not let these hindrances stop them, instead, they used their unique habitat, and developed new ways of farming that proved to be VERY successful...
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...Visual Analysis “Farm Journal” normally targets farmers because farmers are the ones that generally receive and read the magazine. This causes the ads in “Farm Journal” to be heavily agriculturally based. The company Ag Leader Technology that deals with the development of new technology that helps farmer’s jobs easier and more efficient created the ad that I choose to analysis. The name of the product that Ag Leader’s ad is for is called SeedCommand. The ad also explains what the SeedCommand does in text right below the tractor. The SeedCommand helps farmers manage the planting operations. SeedCommand helps to prevent overlapping seed, increase accuracy in seed spacing, automatic row shutoff, and advance seed monitoring. This ad from “Farm Journal” for SeedCommand forces the audience, mostly farmers, to view planting in whole new different light. With prices for high yielding seed not getting any cheaper, farmers cannot afford overlapping, inaccurate spacing, and misses when planting the expensive seed. The ad suggests that the SeedCommand could become the sidekick that helps the farmers saves the crop season and become the hero. It suggest this because the tractor and planter sit in what appears to be a dead and dried up field however with the sun setting in the background it seems to portray it as the thing that could come in and save the crop at the last minute. The tractor resembles a hot rod or high performance vehicle. This suggests that with SeedCommand the tractor...
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