...IR and the Changing Contemporary World of States (Robert Jackson & George Sorensen) Muhammmad Alaydrus / 201310360311128 Many Important Questions in the study of IR are connected with the theory and practice of sovereign statehood.There are two perspectives about the proper scope of IR.At one extreme scholarly focus is exclusively on states and interstate relations; but another extreme IR includes almost everything that has to do with human relations across the world. So,it is very important to study about this two different prespectives if we hope to understand about the rounded and knowledge of IR. The state system is the main point of reference both for traditional and for new approaches.There are debates about how we should conceptualize the state and different IR theories take somewhat different approaches.but,however the fact is that state and the state system remain at the center of academic analysis and discussion in IR. We Must be Alert to the fact that the sovereign state is a contested theoritical concept.there are many different answers about the question “What is the state?” ; “What is the state system?”. There are different answers is because depending on the theoritical approach adopted.None of the answers are stricktly speaking either correct or incorrect because the truth is, the state is a multifaceted and somewhat confusing entity. The state is have two different dimensions.it is divided into two broad categories. The first dimensions is the state...
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...（1） In 1945, just after World War II, the alliance between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union ended. An intense rivalry between communist and non-communist nations led to the Cold War. It's called the Cold War because it never led to armed or "hot" conflict. At the end of World War II, at the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four occupied zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Berlin was also divided into four sections. Lack of a mutual agreement on German re-unification was a important background of the Cold War. And on March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill, gave his "iron curtain" speech while at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, which marked the start of the Cold War. The cold war did not end until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During this period, the United States and the USSR confronted each other in politics, economy, ideology, and so on. And they nearly divided this world into two camps, socialist camp and capitalist camp, what made the conflict on ideology especially sharp. Every incident in the world could not happened without reasons, and the original cause may happened quite long ago. So there are long term causes and short causes of the Cold War. One of the short term causes is that the US President had a personal dislike of the Soviet leader Josef Stalin. At the Potsdam Conference starting in late July 1945, serious differences emerged over the future development of Germany and...
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