• Preventative maintenance -can do 3 things; reduce failures, save on operating cost, and keep equipment safe. • Reduce failures- When work is heaviest equipment need preventative maintenance the most, the customer can’t afford for the equipment to be down during peak use, won’t prevent failures but limits them. • Save on operating cost- The fewest dollars spent on maintenance will pay for themselves many times over. An engine tune up can save 15% in fuel consumption and increase power by 10%. 100 hp tractor would use 4.5 gallons less in fuel and add a bonus of 10 hp. A maintained engine burns less fuel and can do more work per hour. • The #1 expense is down time. • Keeping equipment safe to operate- a customer with poorly maintained machine will tend to take chances to save time lost by poor performance, may also try to fix it without stopping or turning off the machine which promotes accidents. • Keeping records- Good way to make sure maintenance is performed on schedule, keep records for customer or job ticket, increase service sales in your shop. • Sales Technicians-are also sales men, they sale time or labor hours, service is our product= poor service= poor sales=no job. • Service intervals- Usually 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1,000 hours of operation- Check the owner’s manual for specific intervals. Service intervals are cumulative which means 50 hr service should be done at 50hrs, 100 hrs, 150 hrs and 200hrs. • Tips for good machine operation- follow instructions in operators manual. Perform daily maintenance before using the machine. Check machine for damage of potential failures before starting it. Run engine until its warm before putting it under a load. • Operation tips- Let a hot engine run a few minutes before shutting it off. Check and keep fasteners tight. Watch the instrument panel, keep the machine maintained, and operate at safe speeds. • The don’ts of machine operation- Jump on the machine start it and take off immediately. Start engine and shut it off before it warms up. Snap or pop the clutch. Let the engine idle for extended periods of time. Neglect maintenance. • Safety of maintenance- Stop engine to perform maintenance. Always think of the job to be done before starting the job. Follow the rules and you will prevent injury to yourself and others. • Watch the instrument panel- The gauges will tell tales of insufficient maintenance. Low oil pressure is a good sign of low oil level. High engine temp might signal low water level or worn belt. • Intake and exhaust maintenance- 5 basic parts of intake system. 1.) Air Cleaners 2.) Turbo charger 3.) Air inlet 4.) Intake manifold 5.) Intake valves. • Air cleaners-filters dirt and dust from air passage. Pre cleaners prevent larger particles from reaching the air cleaner and lengthen service intervals. • Turbochargers- Increases power by forcing more air into the engine cylinders’ than the engine could draw in by itself. Should be allowed to “spin down” before shutting off the engine. • Air inlet- Supplies the air from the turbo or air cleaner to the intake manifold. Usually consists of a hose and good place for air leak or dirt ingestion. • Intake manifolds- provide air passage from the air inlet to the cylinder head. 8oz of dirt will destroy a 400 cid engine. • Intake valves – admit the air from the intake manifold into the engine cylinder. Operated by the camshaft. Clearance directly affects the tune up and should be included in yearly maintenance. • Exhaust system- 3 basic parts of exhaust system. 1.) Exhaust valves 2.) Exhaust manifold 3.) Muffler. 1. Exhaust valves- Open to release burnt gases from the cylinder and should be checked yearly. 2. Exhaust manifold – Collects exhaust gases and conducts them away from the cylinders. 3. Muffler- Reduces the sound of the engine and if clogged will cause back pressure and poor engine performance. Will allow for water entry to engine if not curved or a rain cap. • Air cleaners and air ducts- Average engine mixes 9,000 to 10,000 gallons of air by volume with every gallon of fuel it consumes. Air cleaner must have the capacity to hold material taken out of the air without being cleaned for a while. An engine can be ruined if an air hose comes off or gets a pin hole it could cause problems in hours or months. • Pre cleaners- Usually installed at the end of the pipe extending up from the filter. Usually placed high out of the most of the dusty air. Some have a screen and/or a bowl that should be kept clean. • Dry element air cleaners- Built for 2 stages of cleaning, which are pre cleaning and filtering. • Pre Cleaning Stage- Directs air into the cleaner at high speed which sets up centrifugal rotation around the filter. At the end of the filter a dust cup stores the dust and both types reduce 80 to 90% of dirt particles. • Filtering- Air goes through the paper media which catches almost all small particles. Some have a safety filter to catch the ones that were missed. Filter cups should be cleaned daily. Some filters have a vacuum gauge or light to signal filter maintenance, also an air filter restriction indicator. Do not clean the safety filter, replace it. If the safety filter is dirty the primary filter has failed and both need to be replaced.

• Oil bath air cleaners- Draws air down through a tube which splashes the oil up into a wire mesh which in turn traps the dirt in the air into the oil that drains back into the bowl and the dirt settles out. Wash down of the oil keeps the filter screen fairly clean. Major services include keeping the oil cup filled properly and use the right oil. Replace the oil and clean the bowl when it’s dirty or thick and it should be internally cleaned once a year. • Air cleaners- Clean unrestricted air flow conserves fuel and enables engine to produce more power. Check for leaks, loose clamps or damaged gaskets because dirty air WILL cause premature damage.