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Substance Abuse Prevention Programs
Julie Valpuesta
Grand Canyon University
April 9, 2014

Substance Abuse Prevention Programs There are many substance abuse prevention programs in America. The Army Substance Abuse Prevention, Partnership for a Drug-Free NC and SAMHSA are three of them listed in this paper. They all have goals, funding, marketing, government policies and standards to which they have to adhere to. They all have components that work, problems and a certain level of effectiveness. The follow is an overview of these three agencies and how they work.
Goals and Method of Operation
First, we have Army Substance Abuse Prevention. The Army strives to ensure that its soldiers are properly treated when it comes to substance abuse. Their goals consist of “Increase individual fitness and overall unit readiness. Provide services which are proactive and responsive to the needs of the Army´s workforce and emphasize alcohol and other drug abuse deterrence, prevention, education, and rehabilitation. Implement alcohol and other drug risk reduction and prevention strategies that respond to potential problems before they jeopardize readiness, productivity, and careers. Restore to duty those substance-impaired Soldiers who have the potential for continued military Service. Provide effective alcohol and other drug abuse prevention and education at all levels of command, and encourage commanders to provide alcohol and drug-free leisure activities. Ensure all personnel assigned to ASAP staff are appropriately trained and experienced to accomplish their missions. Achieve maximum productivity and reduce absenteeism and attrition among civilian corps members by reducing the effects of the abuse of alcohol and other drugs. Improve readiness by extending services to the Soldiers, civilian corps members, and Family members” (ASAP, 2014). The Army encourages active Army soldiers to receive counseling services as their primary method of operation. Other ways in which they tend to their soldiers with substance abuse consist of education, intervention and rehabilitation. The Army prefers soldiers to seek out help on their own however superiors are also supposed to report substance abuse problems.
Secondly, there is Partnership for a Drug-Free NC. Their goals consist of, “At PDFNC, we believe recovery includes body, mind, and spirit. Our treatment programs help people examine and understand their mental health problems, use of drugs or alcohol, improve their self-image, and develop consistent and responsible behaviors” (PDFNC, 2007). Their method of operations consist of outpatient and inpatient clinical services, using school-based prevention programs and supporting the needs of individuals with in the state of NC.
Thirdly, SAMHSA is a program that supports substance abuse prevention awareness. “SAMHSA's mission is to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on America's communities” (SAMHSA, 2014). Their goal is to have fewer people using drugs and alcohol. Their method is create programs, new policies and give resources in hopes to contribute to this.
Funding and Marketing The Army Substance Abuse Program and funded and marketed in the same manner. They create campaigns, events, to which people may attend, learn about ASAP, and make charitable contributions. Part of how they market ASAP is through creating a logo that soldiers can wear, during the campaigns soldiers are educated on substance abuse so they can spread the word and they have posters, pamphlets and leaders with in the community which can help educate others. They also market through email, new recruit orientation and health fairs. The Army is required to offer substance abuse counseling to its employees and immediate family. This is all funded through the government. The PDFNC is funded through its community partners and private donations. It is a non-profit organization. They are marketed through their media campaign. They use a variety of methods like commercials, you tube ads and radio public service announcements. They educate the youth and their parents by going to schools. They have a variety of resources and use many facets of media to get through to the public. SAMHSA is funded through the United States. They rely on grants from the US congress. Their budget for the 2015 fiscal year is $3.6 billion. They market themselves with campaigns, advertisement and programs. They even promote the national prevention week. (United Way of Forsyth County, 2014)
Government Policy and Meeting Standards The ASAP program does coincide with government policies and meeting the standards. They are providing treatment to veterans, which is one major area in this program given the nature of the program. “Targets expansion of care for populations with an unmet need for substance abuse treatment, including veterans, college and university students, and Native Americans” (U.S Departments of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). They also offer prevention tools and resources. The PDFNC uses science based research to meet government standards. It is a state program which does adhere to government policy. SAMHSA is a government funded program which has to meet standards of government policy like
Research: Does the Program Work?
Firstly, a study was conducted on ASAP in regards to fatal crashes and if ASAP’s program and helping to reduce them. “Finally, the relationship between arrest level and occurrence of a statistically significant in nighttime fatal crashes strengthen the conclusion that it was the ASAP effort which produced these results” (United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 33, 1979). So, does the program work? Yes, this program can work. Even looking at a specific occurrence like arrests and fatal car crashes and seeing how the ASAP program reduces those numbers can show one in a specific situation that this program can work. Secondly, the PDFNC does work. “Trained Program Specialists utilize science-based curricula that have been proven effective in national studies and are tailored to the identified needs of referred students” (PDFNC, 2007). They use current strategies in order to help the individuals involved. Thirdly, SAMHSA promotes evidence-based programs and practices. It does work, there is evidence to prove the validity of the program.
Research: Problems and Government Policies Firstly, one of the problems with ASAP is that it is specifically for people in, or have been in, the army and their families. It suggest that civilians with no Army background seek help with their own health care provider. All of the people seeking assistance will be associated with the Army in some form or another. This may hinder some people from wanting to seek assistance because of the stigma related to substance abuse. They may not want to be seen as less than from their superiors. Also, people from outside cannot go to the Army for assistance with their dilemma. The author of this paper was unable to determine how government policies affect the overall ASAP program. Secondly, problems with PDFNC consist of funding to help its clients. “It was thought that NC would participate in the expansion of health insurance options and increased Medicaid eligibility on January 2014 and PDFNC has been preparing for that movement. But, as of this writing at the end of February 2013, the NC General Assembly and NC Governor have rejected that notion. For PDFNC that will result in a further reliance on United Way and federal block grant dollars since 75% of our clients are indigent and not currently Medicaid-eligible” (Community Investment Process, 2013). Due to the lack of funding it will not be able to offer as much to many of their clients. Thirdly, the author of this paper was unable to find problems relating to SAMHSA. However, the author of this paper can theorize that because this is a government endorsed program that they are limited in actions because of their close connections with the law. They have to adhere and promote laws and behaviors that are acceptable to their funders.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Army Substance Abuse Prevention, Partnership for a Drug-Free NC and SAMHSA are three agencies that deal with substance abuse prevention. They all have goals, funding, marketing, government policies and standards which they go by. They all have components that work, problems and a certain level of effectiveness. All in all, knowing what the programs consist of and how they work can help people and organizations determine which ones they want to use to help others keep off drugs and alcohol.

References
Office of Public Affairs. (2013, April 24). Fact sheet: A 21st century drug policy. Retrieved
April 4, 2014, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/ondcp/policy-and-research/ 2013_strategy_fact_sheet.pdf
PDFNC. (2007). About. Retrieved April 8, 2014, from Partnership for a Drug Free NC website: http://drugfreenc.org/publicinfo.html
SAMHSA. (2013). Prevention of substance abuse and mental health. Retrieved April 5, 2014, from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/
United States Army Center for Substance Abuse. (2013). Army substance abuse program.
Retrieved April 5, 2014, from https://pubssod1.acsap.hqda.pentagon.mil/sso/pages/public/resources/risk-reduction.jsp
United Way of Forsyth County. (2013). 2013-2014 mid-cycle program report. Retrieved April 6,
2014, from http://www.forsythunitedway.org/pilotFiles/pilotPages/forsythUnitedWay/Files/ 2013%20Behavioral%20Health%20Reports/Partnership%20for%20a%20Drug-Free%20NC%20-%202013.pdf
U.S Departments of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (1979).
Alcohol safety action projects evaluation methodology and overall program impact.

Total Points: 78
Excellent work examining three prevention programs in the United States. You fully identified the goals of each program, how the programs are funded, how the programs operate, and how the programs engage in marketing. You also discussed the governmental aspects of each program. You discussed effectiveness of the programs as well as made suggestions for improvement. You utilized scholarly sources to support the conclusions you make throughout the paper. You also did an excellent job with APA formatting with a few exceptions as noted. Overall, this was a very academic evaluation of prevention programs in the US! Dr. Geyer

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