...Structural Analysis III Chapter 3 – Characteristics of Structures Chapter 3 - Characteristics of Structures 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2 3.1.1 Background .................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Basic Statical Determinacy ................................................................................. 5 3.2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Plane Beams and Frames ............................................................................... 6 3.2.3 Plane Trusses ............................................................................................... 15 3.3 Stability ............................................................................................................... 20 3.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 20 3.3.2 Exceptions to Basic Rule ............................................................................. 21 3.3.3 Examples...................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Further Statical Determinacy .......................................................................... 25 3.4.1 Internal and External Determinacy ...........................................
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...Threat of New Entrants - Medium • Hard for a new entrant due to high product differentiation & a strong distribution n/w • Extremely price sensitive industry & therefore not much flexibility to increase prices • Depends on the agricultural sector for wheat • Low growth rate of 13% • VAT of 12.5% and an excise duty of 8% Rivalry among existing firms - High • 3 main players- Britannia, Parle, and ITC Ltd. (PriyaGold and Bakeman – regional) • Britannia & Parle hold almost equal market share, ITC ltd holds a lower market share • Hence, they keep a close watch on the changing strategies of each other Bargaining power of suppliers - High Wheat is the main ingredient required for baking biscuits. During inflation they purchase wheat at the price quoted by the farmers as wheat does not have a close substitute. Threat of Substitute Products – Medium • The substitutes of biscuits are namkeens, chips, potato wafers etc. but biscuits have become a part of people’s everyday life. • Biscuits are a low priced commodity, hence a small increase in price would be acceptable in urban areas but may cause a shift to substitutes in rural areas Bargaining power of buyers - High Consumers have option of shifting brands according to their liking of price, quality and taste. Hence not much flexibility to biscuit manufacturers to increase price or compromise of quality. Also, consumers are going for bulk purchases at cheaper rates from bakery stores. 2. Company Analysis ...
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...customers. * Geoff Morales has been the Tastyco account manager for three years, during which Geoff has increasingly grown volume and returned large profits for Givaudan. Geoff has not had to compete with other flavor suppliers and has been able to charge Tastyco high prices for both new and existing flavors. * Givaudan’s R&D team has been working directly with the R&D team at Tastyco in a number of technical areas, including conducting “Flavor 101” training. * Tastyco has a new Purchasing Manager – Susan Challis – who recently contacted Geoff to advise him that Tastyco has decided to implement new purchasing policies this year, including negotiating Strategic Supplier Agreements (SSA) with several suppliers. Under the new purchasing policy, several suppliers will have to submit competitive bids for flavors, allowing Tastyco to recognize cost savings. * Achieving SSA status would allow Givaudan to have the first shot at new flavors projects, but Susan has indicated it also means reducing prices on existing flavors. * Tastyco has been in initial discussions with two Givaudan competitors – Nan Ya and NonObtainium. Both suppliers have indicated they can provide similar products for lower prices than Givaudan; however Tastyco agrees NonObtainium cannot live up to Givaudan’s standards. * To date, Nan Ya has hired a former Givaudan employee and is receiving positive customer reviews, has met Tastyco’s flavor brief requirements to the same extent as Givaudan...
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...marketing by check printers. d. Cost analysis has shown that current suppliers are efficient, cost conscious, fair Priced and making a reasonable profit. e. Unofficial quotations has been received from a new printing supplier: (1) Quotation is l0% lower than current prices. (2) Supplier is unproven. (3) Danger exists that this supplier might be overpriced and overly aggressive in selling scenic checks to the banks customers. f. The more scenic checks sold, the less money the bank has to spend on providing standard checks. 2. MAJOR PROBLEMS: a. How can the bank best balance its need for quality and service with the need for lower costs and higher profits? b. How should the bank handle the unsolicited proposal which might be a “Buy in’? c. Can the bank continue to split its requirements for standard checks? 3. SOLUTIONS: a. Best solution: - Bank has large enough volume to split awards. It should continue to split its Business between the two current suppliers until the next contract period. At that time it should open up the bidding to all 3 suppliers, asking them to quote firm prices on quantity brackets of 33%, 50%, and l00% of the total requirement. It should also require a firm price schedule on the deluxe scenic check which could be published and furnished to all of the banks customers. Advantages: - This will allow bank to maintain quality and service and low cost while at the same time...
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...Chapter 4 Case 4-1. Vershire Company Questions: 1. Outline the strengths and weaknesses of Vershire Company’s planning and control system. Vershire’s planning system Strengths: When formulating the sales budget, divisional managers are required to predict market conditions and capital expenditures. The frocasting is done at the corporate level and is then sent to the divisional managers for fine-tuning. Corporate controllers visit each plant for half a day prior to the final submission of the budget. Weakness The initial sales forecast uses assumptions which are entirely derived from corporate headquarters’ analyses. The forcasting method is the same for all product lines. Plant managers do not come up with the sales budgets – the district sales manager do. Vershire’s control system Strengths Divisional managers are given full control over their divisions except in the ares of raising capital and labor relations. There is timely communication between the various hierarchies of the company as there are not that many tiers. There is constant oversight on meeting the budget. Weakness Profit is the main measure for assessing plant managers’ performance and determining bonuses. 2. Trace the profit budgeting process at Vershire, starting in May and ending with the Board of Directors’ meeting in December. Be prepared to describe the activities that took place at each step of the process and present the rationale for each. 3. Should the plant managers...
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...Chapter 4 Case 4-1. Vershire Company Questions: 1. Outline the strengths and weaknesses of Vershire Company’s planning and control system. Vershire’s planning system Strengths: When formulating the sales budget, divisional managers are required to predict market conditions and capital expenditures. The frocasting is done at the corporate level and is then sent to the divisional managers for fine-tuning. Corporate controllers visit each plant for half a day prior to the final submission of the budget. Weakness The initial sales forecast uses assumptions which are entirely derived from corporate headquarters’ analyses. The forcasting method is the same for all product lines. Plant managers do not come up with the sales budgets – the district sales manager do. Vershire’s control system Strengths Divisional managers are given full control over their divisions except in the ares of raising capital and labor relations. There is timely communication between the various hierarchies of the company as there are not that many tiers. There is constant oversight on meeting the budget. Weakness Profit is the main measure for assessing plant managers’ performance and determining bonuses. 2. Trace the profit budgeting process at Vershire, starting in May and ending with the Board of Directors’ meeting in December. Be prepared to describe the activities that took place at each step of the process and present the rationale for each. 3. Should the plant managers...
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...3 (a) Price Point In arriving at a price point, a three prong approach was taken to ensure coherence between the various parties involved. The three aspects considered were company approach, customers’ value and lastly competitive situation. * Customers The continued assessment of prices on consumers’ part is crucial in deriving their perceived value Reference Prices Price and Perceived Quality Measuring customer value * Company This stresses on the alignment of marketing strategy with pricing strategy Price In arriving at price, the following factors were considered. * Price sensitivity of target segment: Notably within our target segment, they are not price sensitive given the differentiated product and service. * Price flexibility of target segment: In saying that however, the price sensitivity is wide since they are willing to pay high prices as well as low prices. In that sense the price band width is large within the targeted segment. * Importance of price: Price is relatively unimportant as other attributes such as health concerns and quality were ranked higher than price during the concept testing stage. Cost Price is assumed to be greater than variable cost since we are profit making enterprise * Variable cost: Costs are not that high given that supplies are bought in bulk and the buyer’s purchasing power is not that big given the frequency of deliveries. Brand Positioning: Given that The Bread Break positions itself as a premium product...
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...ranges Demographic: mainly women aged between 35 and 55 Psychographic: busy lifestyle, not fashion-oriented Benefit: Convenience, high quality, reasonable price, good design, comfort, long-lasting style, high value. Conclusion: This range was mainly aimed at women aged between 35 and 55, who enjoyed a busy lifestyle, liked long-lasting style and wanted to pursue high quality and value clothes with reasonable price and spend little time in choosing and washing clothes. 2. Autograph range Demographic: Wealthy people Psychographic: enjoying life Benefit: perfect design, high quality Conclusion: This range was mainly aimed at wealthy people who would like to enjoy their life and pursue high-quality clothes designed by best designers in the world and can afford high street prices. 3. Per una range Demographic: women aged between 25 and 35, sizes 8-18 Psychographic: fashion-conscious Benefit: competitive price, superb design, high quality material, latest trend, limited editions, individual cutting service. Conclusion: This range was mainly aimed at fashion-conscious women aged between 25 and 35, sizes 8-18. They can enjoy the latest fashion trend, individual cutting service, pursue the special and exclusive lifestyle and hope to get their clothes with high quality and design at an affordable price. Question 2 1. Perfect and Classic ranges: Order qualifiers: Quality, Design, Fitness, Cost Order winners: Convenience Many items in this range are...
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...management could become swamped with pricing disputes, and individual division managers lose the flexibility and other advantages of autonomous decision making. 2) Centrally established transfer price policies - Externally based market prices are generally considered the best basis for transfer pricing when a competitive market exists for the product and market prices are readily available. - A drawback is that this method may require a change to the compensation/incentive system of Division managers Market price-based transfer pricing – A policy that sets transfer price at the market price or a small discount from the market price. From the company’s perspective, this is fine as long as the supplying unit is operating at capacity. Cost basis policy – A seller operating below capacity should transfer at the differential cost of production (variable cost). A seller operating at capacity should transfer at the market price. A seller operating below capacity is indifferent between providing the product and receiving a transfer price equal to the seller’s differential outlay cost or not providing the product at all. Full absorption cost-based transfers – if measures to market price are unavailable, impossible to compute opportunity costs for the general rule. This method results in transfer prices somewhere between variable costs and market prices. 3) Negotiated transfer prices - Discussion and agreement between the buying and selling parties is an option when autonomy...
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...upon is child labor controversy. It has been widely known for years that different corporations use labor provided by other countries, because it is cheap and provides the most amount of profit to the company involved. This leads to the idea that corporations are deceptive, have a reckless disregard for people, fail to abide by social norms, and are incapable of experiencing guilt. The movie views child labor and a corporation's disregard for people as an epidemic because it is such a common method for producing products. My review of the corporate documentary film will be on the topic of labor. Noam Chomsky, Institute Professor, MIT, discussed about Labor Market Flexibility. She commented about the features of contemporary economic systems is on imposing flexibility in labor markets. When labor market flexibility is achieved, the corporation achieved efficiency. But this comes with a cost of mental illness due to insecurity. I agree generally in theory where Firms' ability to make changes to their workforce in terms of the number of employees they hire and the number of hours worked by the employees. A theory stated a flexible labor...
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...Sealed Bids vs. Competitive Proposals Strayer University Cost and Price Analysis – BUS 315 Sealed Bids vs. Competitive Proposals When the government has recognized a necessity for supply and services, they immediately conduct a market research, and find probable sources of supply. This information is then sent to the contracting officer for procurement. The contracting officer is solely responsible in determining if the procurement may be accomplished through sealed bidding or negotiation. Sealed bidding is the government method to make known of a need by a solicitation named Invitation for Bid (IFB). Negotiation as used in the acquisition process, means contracting through the use of competitive proposals and discussions, between the contracting officer and the contractor. These government solicitations for negotiation are called Request for Proposal (RFP). The solicitation process originates similar for sealed bids and competitive proposals. The contracting officer announces an IFB for sealed bids, and/or a RFP for a competitive proposal, in FedBizOpps. Most solicitations are accessible, and can be copied directly from the Internet. The contractor upon awareness of these solicitations replies by submitting a bid for the sealed bidding, and/or a proposal for the competitive proposal solicitation. Most contractors contemplate sealed bidding as the less pricey, fastest economical procurement method since no time is lost in negotiations. Bids are assessed with...
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...Assignment 1: Sealed Bids vs. Competitive Proposals Howard Dingle William La Salle BUS 315- Cost and Price Analysis 10-28-12 Abstract In order to compare and contrast Competitive Contracts and Sealed Bidding Contracts, I have to define each term. After defining the terms I have to explain which contract I think is the most valued contract alternative. Write a 1-2 page paper in which you compare and contrast sealed bidding and competitive proposals in terms of which are most advantageous to contractors. In order to do compare and contrast analysis of seal bidding contracts and competitive proposal contracts, I have to define each concept fully. After completing this task, then I can come to a decision in which I think which contract is the most suited to conduct business in my opinion. Sealed bid is the document enclosed in a glued (sealed) envelope and submitted in response to invitation-to-bid (ITB). Sealed bids received up to the deadline date are generally opened at a stated time and place (usually in the presence of anyone who may wish to be present) and evaluated for award of a contract. Competitive sealed bids are for purchases of items of tangible personal property; services and construction over $10,000 or $20,000 small purchase limits. Bids for construction contractors or heavy equipment purchases are good examples of a competitive sealed bid. Competitive Proposals is a procurement that meets the following criteria: 1. Is initiated by...
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...rationalizing the pricing mechanisms in order to encourage efficient consumption as well as efficient and adequate souring of the commodity. Imports will be a significant component of the fuel and feedstock price basket for new power and fertilizer customers, and these two sectors will continue to anchor the growth of a country gas grid. Under the circumstances, pooled price of natural gas in India may be in the larger interest of the consumers, and also benefit the market development of natural gas in this country. Power and Fertilizer constitutes approximately 62% of the total demand for natural gas in the country. Attaining a single benchmark price for natural gas will bring stability in the varying gas price which in turn will bring stability across various projects. A large upsurge in gas demand is foreseen in the future, to meet the unmet and latent demand, as Well as the future energy needs. Gas is necessary not only a clean fuel, but also will make up for the significant shortfalls between demand and supply of energy in the country. The government has made a big leap forward by increasing APM prices directly to USD 4.2/MBtu, creating a reference price representing currently to an estimated two thirds of gas supplies. Additional changes may happen. The idea of pooling gas prices is still under study. Briefing pool pricing mechanism: The Indian gas market needs to...
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...the high demand for television in the Australia market, it is easy to see why Vizio will not experience many obstacles in the selling of their televisions there. Being the number one media outlet for Australians, televisions are commodities that manufacturers are always competing with one another to try to gain the advantage in. Vizio has gained that advantage in their televisions and have used it to gain the upper hand on the companies in North America. They have recognized the desires of their consumers, and have thus used uncompromised technology to produce a product that is of incredible quality while offering it at a lower price than of competitors. In 2010, Vizio got the award for offering the highest rated LCD high-definition (HD) television. Their current lineup can even offer Australians a greater value than just their low sales price seeing that their efficient LED backlit televisions exceed the current ENERGY STAR 4.1 guidelines by at least 15%. The company offers efficient products such as these backlit televisions, modern and sleek designed products such as their M series televisions, as well as high performance products as seen in their XVT series. Therefore,...
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...Internet-based technology can lead to an influx of new entrants in a particular market in the form of new web-based only businesses as it can reduce barriers to entry. New entrants can take away scales and market share from existing businesses. They can put pressure on prices, or on businesses to invest in improvements in order to offer better value to consumers and customers, both of which reduce profitability. An example of this is the book industry; because of e-commerce books are now widely available online, in audio and also available on e-readers, tablets and phones. In the year 2014 alone the sales of hard-backed books fell by 11.6%. These figures indicate that people are no longer wanting a hard backed book that they are preferring in a more ‘convenient’ form of being able to access them where ever they are on their phones, tablets an e-readers. New entrants from online businesses can pose a significant threat to traditional bricks and mortar business due to the benefits they provide customers and consumers- in terms of lower search cost, greater flexibility and convenience, and lower prices (as a result of lower cost). An example of this is the closing down of HMV/xtravision and the introduction of Spotify and deezer. In the year of 2014 music which was bought in stores decreased by an outstanding 14.2% that was a loss from 32.4 million to 27.8 million (albums) and 12.5 percent, from 356.5 million to 312 million (tracks). Whereas, the downloads from sites such...
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