...Humans in Biological and Behavioral Continuum Name Course Name Instructor Date Humans in Biological and Behavioral Continuum All along, human beings have thought of themselves as being different from other animals in the animal kingdom. The basis of this view is the clear marked biological and behavioral differences between human beings and other primates. Most human beings however, have little knowledge on the behavioral and biological capabilities of other primates. The media has contributed in propagating this notion today through advertising and various television programs. For many years, Behavioral Psychology has taught that primate behavior just entails patterns of responses to immediate stimuli in their environment. However, this notion is decreasing as more human beings have become aware of the concept of biological and behavioral continuum. This paper will prove that even though human beings seem unique from other primate species, they all trace to a common ancestry, with similar behaviors, and biological set up, though appearing in varied degrees. In this behavioral and biological continuum, different animal species hold different positions. The determinant of this categorization bases on a quantitative, rather than a qualitative approach. Humans rank as the most intelligent of all the other primates. This is the case if we define intelligence depending on thought patterns and ability to solve problems. Intelligence is a product...
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...| | | |The psychological explanation for the term ‘attachment’ is where you form an emotional bond to| | |another person or object both physically and mentally. And to feel secure. | | |John Bowlby (1969) described it as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.| | | | | |He also stated that early experiences In childhood have an important influence on development | | |& behavior on the individual’s life. | | | | | |Attachment behavior is essentially a survival strategy from evolution for protecting infants | | |from predators. | | | | | | | |Question...
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...“SOCIOBIOLOGY,” AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR Bobbi S. Low W hen Juliet was twelve, her father, without consulting her, betrothed her to a man more than twice her age. She, being in love with Romeo, complained. Her father’s answer was (Act III, Scene V): An you will not wed, I’ll pardon you! Graze where you will, you shall not house with me; … An you be mine, I’ll give you to my friend; An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, For, by my soul, I’ll ne’er acknowledge thee, Nor what is mine shall never do thee good. Today, in the United States, Juliet would probably sue her father for child abuse. And she would be likely to win. What is common, approved, and thought ethical varies widely across human cultures in time and space: whether one may marry more than one person at a time; who chooses marriage partners; whether abortion and infanticide are approved or forbidden; whether one may eat all meats, some meats, or none; what kinds of killings are forbidden or encouraged. How are we to make sense of all this variety? Human behavior has traditionally been the province of anthropology, sociology, and psychology. Within each of these fields there exist diverse approaches. Recently, behavioral ecology, an evolutionary approach to why we behave as we do, has joined other fields in trying to explain some of the diversity in human behavior. With its roots in Charles Darwin’s work 1 on natural selection, it examines how environmental conditions influence living things. Human behavioral...
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...Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Shavon Harrison PSY 265 Stephanie Sencil The commonness of homosexual propensity have been witnessed in almost all cultures, in all regions, throughout history. Homosexual customs have been used as sexual liberations, rites of passage, and long-term relationships. The social acceptance of the behavior and the lifestyle as ranged from accepted to criminalized. Finding your voice in accepting your own homosexual identity is most difficult in repressive societies and admitting it to friends and family can be harder than admitting it to one’s self. Society will always have an influence on the behavior; the foundations of that society will also have an affect. Homosexual behavior adapts to each of societies that it was relegated to. Current homosexuals in western society are not excluded from this fact; current culture has, however, offered a unique perspective in rights and choices. From the establishment of “holy doctrines and dogmatic rule” of the Torah, Bible, and Quran, homosexual practices have been deemed unnatural and immoral. This admonition has been focused most upon male-male relations (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Causes for this were not defined in the text; however, regional conversion to Christianity has used immorality to change the power structure in municipalities. Another well-used tradition within the power structures of Islam and Christianity is war. Each of these religious movements...
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...ANTHROPOLOGY 327: The Anthropology of Gender Sexualities Human sexuality is a very complex topic with several distinct components, including desires, practices, beliefs and attitudes, and identity. Human sexuality is clearly a product of both genetic and environmental factors. Twin studies focusing on homosexuality suggest a 40-60% contribution from either set of factors (the results vary depending on the study). The actual mechanisms for determination, both environmental and genetic, remain unclear at present. Human sexuality is bewildering in its variety and elaboration. Desire and practice vary along multiple dimensions which interact in complex ways. In consequence, we cannot adequately describe the full range of human sexuality with a single simple term. Sources for Human Sexuality Sexuality is one of the most closely regulated activities in every human society. It is therefore difficult to ascertain what is “natural” (biological) and what is cultural (learned). Anthropology has historically shared the general Western reticence regarding sex and has seldom made sexuality a central topic of research. Margaret Mead and a few others did some research on the topic and it is sometimes included in general ethnographic studies. Proper scholarly study of human sexuality really begins with Alfred Kinsey and continues through Masters and Johnson and the Social Science Survey Project. While there has been a dramatic increase in research on the topic in the past 30 years, it is still...
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...emotional and social factors effects on economic decisions made by an individuals and consequences returns, resource allocation and market prices. It assumes that human beings are rational in the decisions they make. Behavioral economics do not involve assumption. The difference comes in from the notion that the human behavior observation contradicts behavior of people to be perfectly rational. Therefore, the two starts from different points. Both behavioural economics and economics try to proscribe and describe patterns of human spending. The implication is that it does not only try to describe human behavior but tries to dictate human behavior. Behavioral Economics The authors draw their arguments from two perspectives: descriptive and proscriptive perspectives. Descriptive explains human behavior and proscriptive tries to denounce human behavior. These two depend on two things: human psychology and one’s rationality. The decisions made by a human being are based on the perception of the situation and the individuals’ reasoning. Reasoning involves various cognitive capabilities. Hence, decision made by humans cannot be attributed to full rationality. The rationality bounds do not contribute wholly to decision making. Moreover, lacking complete control by humans on their behaviour is as a result of cognitive behavior bounds (Ariely, 2008) One who makes decisions based on aspiration and not utility maximization stands to be rational. Subjective utility maximization that has been...
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...1 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR in CHANGING tIMES CHAPTER SCAN THIS INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS FOR THESE CHANGING TIMES. IT BEGINS BY PROVIDING AN OVERVIEW OF BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS AND THE INTERDISCIPLINARY ORIGINS OF THAT BEHAVIOR. NEXT, IT DESCRIBES THE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT AND PRESENTS THE SIX FOCUS ORGANIZATIONS (BRINKER INTERNATIONAL, ENRON, HARLEY-DAVIDSON, HEWLETT-PACKARD, PATAGONIA, AND THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION). THIRD, IT POINTS OUT THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CHANGE AND CHALLENGE, FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION OF HOW PEOPLE LEARN ABOUT ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. THE CHAPTER FINISHES BY RELATING THE VARIOUS FEATURES OF THE BOOK TO LEARNING STYLES AND OUTLINING THE PLAN FOR THE BOOK. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO THE FOLLOWING: 1. Define organizational behavior. 2. Identify six interdisciplinary contributions to the study of organizational behavior. 3. Identify the important system components of an organization. 4. Describe the formal and informal elements of an organization. 5. Understand the diversity of organizations in the economy, as exemplified by the six focus organizations. 6. Recognize the challenge of change for organizational behavior. 7. Demonstrate the value of objective knowledge and skill development in the study of organizational behavior. KEY TERMS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCES THE...
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...Thread of Filipino Values The Filipino value system arises from our culture or way of life, our distinctive way of becoming human in a particular place and time. We speak of Filipino values in a good sense. Delicadeza, good manners and right conduct? There are still people with delicadeza. Delicadeza is derived from the Spanish word delicado which means delicate, fragile, easily broken, irreplaceable and precious. Delicadeza was once placed in Philippine culture, it suggests gentleness the exquisite qualities of sensitivity, tactfulness and refinement. All these virtues are born from a sense of propriety and decency like doing the right thing when no one is looking. Filipinos are known for this positive trait, it is an important value that parents should pass on to their children, having delicadeza means your integrity and honor are in tact. You insist on doing the right thing even when people aren’t watching, because to you it’s not about letting the whole world know, it’s about believing that there is a correct way of doing things, acting your values and not taking advantage of every opportunity for self-gain and selfishness. Delicadeza means the sensitiveness of someone, it says refined responsive bearing of somebody contrary to see shamelessness. It even conveys elementary good manners and right conduct, ladylike actuation and gentlemanly behavior, in other words, “delicadeza” stands for sensibility on the part of an individual such that it sees and reads the clear...
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...Sociology 1 Castelli Due Tuesday, Feb. 9 Overview In addition to entertaining us, movies offer detailed portrayals of human social behavior. Your task in this assignment is to analyze -- from a social-psychological perspective -- the behaviors and events depicted in one of the films listed below. You are not being asked to critique the film in terms of its value as a work of art or as entertainment. Rather, you should think carefully about the human actions and events portrayed in the film. Assignment Choose one of the films listed below. Most should be available at any video rental store. View the film you choose at least once. (Two viewings may offer an advantage). Then, after reviewing your notes and readings, identify 2 different social-psychological principles that appear to be operating in the events or individuals depicted in the film . For each principle that you identify: (a) Provide a clip to show in class. You may assume that we will have internet access, or you can bring in a DVD (or even a VHS tape), or you may create the entire presentation on DVD to show in class. (b) describe in detail the social-psychological principle you believe is relevant. Your job here is to demonstrate that you understand the principle or theory, and that you can describe it in your own words. You don’t need to do library research for this – using your text or your lecture notes as resources is fine. You need you to show us that you have a good understanding of the concept/principle...
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...EFFECTS OF PROCRASTINATION We always hear that nobody is perfect in this world but I wonder why everybody wants to be a perfect person if it is impossible then. It is undeniable that everyone has their own bad habit and we all know that bad habit is categorized as a weakness. However, I believe that we can change it to be a good quality that we can own by improve ourselves. This is because there is always a room for improvement. Me, myself has my own bad habit that is procrastination. I have promised to myself that I want to change this habit as I can see the effects on me; cannot complete my task on time, lowered down my grade and make me become lazy. One of the effects is I cannot complete my task on time. Therefore, it can hinder me from be a good student. As a college student, I cannot run from many assignments. Besides, the time given to complete the assignments is not too long. As a good student, I suppose to manage my time wisely so that I can finish all the assignments on time but as I have this bad habit, I cannot complete it. I always procrastinate. As a result, I was late to submit my assignment and my teacher will scold me for that mistake. I know that procrastinate is not good for me but I cannot help it. I always hold to these words, “better late than never”. My friends told me that I had misunderstood to these words but I am keep on denying it as I want to cover my mistake. It is clearly visible that procrastination has affected my life by hinder...
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...Organizational Behaviour to practicing managers? Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, how human behavior interacts with the organization, and the organization itself. All three of these areas are ultimately connected and necessary for a comprehensive understanding of organizational behavior in the workplace. Learning about organizational behavior in today’s business environment could help managers build up a better work related understanding of themselves and their subsidiary. With this knowledge managers can achieve a successful career. Since a manager needs to get his job done by others who are employees, to have an organizational behavior skill that eventually become a valuable talent. But because the organization influences and is influenced by the individual, it is hard to completely understand the individual’s behaviour without knowing something about the organization. As the environment of business is always changing, the role of the managers has become more sensitive. In order to know how to handle a new workforce, and deal with the complication of the new environment, the management staff therefore needs to develop and have an understanding of their information about attitude and behavior of individuals, and groups in organization. Although the importance of organizational behavior may be clear, it still should be emphasized. Organizational behavior can greatly clarify the factors that affect how managers manage...
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...Abnormal Behavior Abnormal psychology is a branch of psychology that studies behaviors, thoughts, and moods that are outside the bounds of what is widely considered as normal in a certain culture. The concept of abnormality is defined differently in different cultures as behaviors of a particular culture may be abnormal to another culture. In order to clearly understand what abnormal psychology is, it is very imperative to first understand what is defined as abnormal. The concept of abnormality is defined in relation to norms of a particular group or culture and hence anything (behavior, thought, or emotion) that is outside the norms of a particular group of people, gender, or age is considered as abnormal. Many people can follow under the normal curve where many human beings are clustered around the highest point of the curve called the average point. Any person who follows far from the average point in the normal curve is considered as abnormal. Different elements of abnormal psychology have brought about differences in definition, approaches, and treatment. These elements include; suffering, adaptation failure, incomprehensibility, vividness, violation of moral and ideal standards, unpredictability and loss of control, and incomprehensibility as well as irrationality. This study indicates how these elements bring about differences in definitions, approaches, and treatment of abnormality. Suffering is generally defined as the aspect of feeling pain or being...
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...Learning Process (Parents with school aged diagnosed with ADHD) James C. Whear Metropolitan State University Instructor: Deborah Matthias-Anderson NURS 407-01 Family Health Nursing December 7, 2012 Objectives Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a syndrome of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The 3 types of ADHD are predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. Diagnosis is made by clinical criteria. Treatment usually includes drug therapy with stimulant drugs, behavioral therapy, and educational interventions. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ADHD has been classified as a developmental disorder, although increasingly it is considered a disruptive behavior disorder. ADHD affects an estimated 5 to 15% of school-aged children. However, many experts think ADHD is over diagnosed, largely because criteria are applied inaccurately. According to Center for Disease Control (CDC) 2012 “The predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type occurs 2 to 9 times more frequently in boys; the predominantly inattentive type occurs with about equal frequency in both sexes. ADHD tends to run in families.” ADHD has no known single specific cause. CDC (2012) indicates that potential causes include: genetic, biochemical, sensorimotor, physiologic, and behavioral factors. Some risk factors include birth weight < 1000 g, head trauma, and lead exposure, as well as prenatal exposures to alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine....
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...psychology is the study of human behavior, with a primary focus on the word “normal” or average, socially acceptable traits and behaviors. The study of normal psychology involves the examination of general psychological and behavioral responses of a population. It creates a frame of reference from which inferences about typical behavior and thought patterns can be drawn. Normalcy is something that is created by people in a given time or environment. It is possible that whatever trend may be happening at the time can be considered normal and anything or anyone outside of that would be in the outlier or “abnormal”. Abnormal Psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and thought. Abnormal Psychology or also called psychopathology focuses on responses that cause a significant amount of damage or distress in a persons life. It is important to identify the distinction between normal and abnormal. Consider a characteristic such as athletic. A person who falls at the very upper end of the curve would fit under our definition of abnormal; this person would also be considered a freak athlete. When you think about abnormal psychology, rather than focus on the distinction between what is normal and what is abnormal, focus instead on the level of disruption a troubling behavior might cause. If a behavior is causing problems in a persons life or is disruptive to other people, then this would be an abnormal behavior. Works Cited Kendra,...
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...unites and segregates individuals of the human race. I have always found different cultures to be interesting and have enjoyed meeting people from other ethnic backgrounds. Coming to a new country that did not understand nor fully accept the culture that I brought with me was not an easy adjustment. I always felt a bit lost and misunderstood, never really being able to celebrate my Punjabi heritage or the American culture. Holidays were especially hard because my family did not understand the traditional American holidays and we didn’t have an outlet to celebrate the holidays we did for the first 8 years of my life. It was hard finding a healthy balance. This all helped me to better understand culture in general. But, what is culture? More importantly what is its relationship to psychology? Culture is defined as a group of characteristics, behaviors, attitudes, values and customs that are particular to a group of people. “Behaviors must be judged according to cultural rules and ideologies or the judgment has no basis in the reality embraced by the culture” (Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszczynski, 1991). Cultural Psychology deals with specific location, perceptive and beliefs of a culture that one has been raised in or is accustomed to. Cultural psychology looks at how factors of culture influence a person’s behavior. Cross Cultural Psychology, according to ‘Introduction to cross-cultural psychology’, “is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, including both their...
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