...Primates, being a type of mammal, include humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans etc. While they are still part of the mammal family, some of their parenting behaviors are different. For example, primates spend longer lengths of time caring for and educating their young caring before letting them be independent. Primates also tend to have longer periods of pregnancy in relation to most mammals. For example, a cat usually has her kittens within 3 months while a human will give birth to her child in 9 months. Another parental behavior that most mammals have in common is breastfeeding their young. Humans, cats, dogs, cows, whales, sheep, squirrels....(you get the point) all share that ability to produce milk. (Source: http://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/animals/Primates.htm)...
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...Primates (Primates) Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia Ed. Michael Hutchins, Arthur V. Evans, Jerome A. Jackson, Devra G. Kleiman, James B. Murphy, Dennis A. Thoney, et al. Vol. 14: Mammals III. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2004. p1-12. Robert D. Martin Appendix Suborder | Infraorder | Superfamily | Family | Subfamily | Prosimii (prosimians) | Lemuriformes | Lemuroidea (lemurs) | Cheirogaleidae (dwarf and mouse lemurs) | | | | | Lemuridae | Lemurinae (true lemurs) | | | | Lepilemurinae (sportive lemurs) | | | | | Indriidae (indris) | | | | | Daubentoniidae (aye-aye) | | | Lorisiformes | Lorisoidea | Lorisidae | Lorisinae | | Tarsiiformes | Tarsioidea | Tarsiidae (tarsiers) | | Anthropoidea (anthropoids) | | | | | | Platyrrhini | Ceboidea (New World monkeys) | Cebidae | Cebinae (e.g., capuchins, squirrel monkeys) | | | | | Aotinae (e.g., owl monkeys) | | | | | Atelinae (e.g., spider monkeys) | | | | | Alouattinae (e.g., howler monkeys) | | | | | Pithecinae (e.g., saki, uakari) | | | | | Callimiconinae (e.g., callimico) | | | | Callitrichidae (e.g., tamarins, marmosets) | | | Catarrhini | Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkeys) | Cercopithecidae | Cercopithecinae (e.g., macaques, guenons, vervets) | | | | | Colobinae (e.g., colobus, langurs) | | | Hominoidea (apes and humans) | Hylobatidae | Hylobatinae (e.g., gibbons and siamangs) | | | | Pongidae | Ponginae (great...
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...Middlesex, England Australian Resident since August 1964 MARITAL STATUS Married with two children, aged 24 & 18 EMPLOYMENT RECORD * July 2011 – present Research Manager – CRC for High Integrity Australian Pork (Pork CRC) * Manage a Portfolio of Research Projects in the Pig Industry to be valued at $138m over the eight year period - 2011-2019 * Manage the transition of 25 projects from previous CRC (2005-2011) * Develop and implement a Project evaluation process * Manage the Project evaluation and approval process for the four Research programs * Conduct an annual strategic review and Economic Impact assessment of portfolio * Develop, implement and manage a Web-based Research Project Portfolio Management system * Manage a project involving research infrastructure with eight organisations nationally * Manage a national benchmarking project * Develop and manage the Corporate website – www.porkcrc.com.au December 2007 – June 2011 * Project Manager – CRC for an Internationally Competitive Pork Industry (Pork CRC) * Based at the University of Adelaide’s Roseworthy campus * Managed a Portfolio of Research Projects in the Pig Industry valued at $80 m over six year period - 2005-2011 * Developed and implemented a Project Portfolio Management system with a Melbourne IT company, to allow national and...
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...behavioral differences between human beings and other primates. Most human beings however, have little knowledge on the behavioral and biological capabilities of other primates. The media has contributed in propagating this notion today through advertising and various television programs. For many years, Behavioral Psychology has taught that primate behavior just entails patterns of responses to immediate stimuli in their environment. However, this notion is decreasing as more human beings have become aware of the concept of biological and behavioral continuum. This paper will prove that even though human beings seem unique from other primate species, they all trace to a common ancestry, with similar behaviors, and biological set up, though appearing in varied degrees. In this behavioral and biological continuum, different animal species hold different positions. The determinant of this categorization bases on a quantitative, rather than a qualitative approach. Humans rank as the most intelligent of all the other primates. This is the case if we define intelligence depending on thought patterns and ability to solve problems. Intelligence is a product of brain organ, which all primates own. The differences in intelligence level between human beings and other primates therefore, rest on the differences in capabilities of their brain matter. Human beings have a relatively larger brain as compared to chimpanzees and other primates, however, their brain processes and functions are...
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...Business Research Ethics University of Phoenix Business Research RES/351 Business Research Ethics There have been many cases of unethical research that have contributed to how we perceive the way that research is done in today’s business world. One such case is that of a Harvard Researcher who may have skewed information and findings to further the efforts in primate research funding. Some may even say that this is a consequence of finding research money for projects. In the case of the Harvard researcher, a phycology professor was conducting a study on primates and their ability to recognized different sound patterns, which some may say is the basic skill of language development.("Harvard Research Convicted on Fraudulent NIH Primate Research – Immoral Mind," 2010, para. 7) Although the testing and studies were conducted under controlled situations the data the was gathered was either mishandled, documented under potential bias or just left out altogether. By the lead researcher making the decisions to handle the gathered information on the primates leads to the fact of unethical research practices by this study. Sense the funding for these research projects came from private and government monies this is still under an investigation as of the date of the article. With the head of the research study admitting to making misstates in how he handled and presented the information gathered from the studies, there have been several other research papers and documents that...
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...Animal Rights in Medical Research As the declaration of human right states that all human beings are free and equal in dignity and rights. The issue of whether or not to grant animal rights such as those that humans have is greatly disputed over years, but without success. Animal right is an extremely complicated issue that involves the question of animal intellect, animal rights groups, and the pros and cons of granting animals their rights. I have worked with and observed chimpanzees in early 2000 in a research lab in Alamogordo, NM as an animal caretaker and seen how these primates communicate with each other. I feel this subject is very important and I will be sharing my reflections, thoughts and experiences in this paper. Researchers all over the world, who have studied primates argue that these animals hold the capacity to communicate. The researchers go on to describe that a communication barrier is all that separates humans from animals. Chimpanzees are more superior on using their hand and feet than humans. I observed them using their hand to peel bananas, use hands and feet to swing, open doors and even had a water faucet sticking out of the wall with a button that they pressed to drink water. I also got a chance to see a chimp using sign language. This particular chimp in his early life was on TV and commercials, can walk upright, and was harmless. His owner decided to part ways due to the chimp’s age and turned him over to the research facility. They can also...
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...on this subject some of our society now accepts the concept and studies it. To think that living species does not change and adapt over time is nonsense. With the study of evolution humankind can learn from its past and better prepare for the future by studying how humankind has developed over the past. Evolution is defined in biology as the idea that all species can change over time and have a common ancestry (Parker, 2008). A physical anthropologist could study primatology in order to study evolution for humankind. Primatology is the study in physical anthropology that began with morphological comparisons of primates to reconstruct the evolution of humans (Rodman, 1999). Studying primatology can help the study of evolution because it is a very good example of basic evolution and primates and human beings have a lot of similar traits and also the primate is the closest living example that is like a human genetically. This source was chosen because it helps break down the meaning and understanding of primatology and provides the basics and in depth terms to help any reader understand primatology. Another field in anthropology that studies evolution is called archaeology anthropology. The archaeologist in this subfield of anthropology can study evolution is by searching for understanding fossils and tools. By studying fossils the archaeologist can look at certain aspects of the specimen and compare it to specimens that are still living...
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...Primitive Oppression of Female Sexuality Abstract This paper explores the complexities that come about when trying to transcribe female sexuality as a generalized symbol in our society. Explaining many different theories as too why our sociological mindset seems to be primitive when trying to justify the ideology that sexuality needs to be oppressed for females, when in contrast it is glorified for males. Theories also suggest that our brains are psychologically “wired” for male dominance, such as when observing our closes lineage on the dendrogram, chimpanzees and exploring their interactions based on gender and sexuality. While other theories suggest that it’s possible females physiologically aren’t made for as much sex as men are and that stimulates are needed to bring things to equilibrium, such as new clinical trial pills that will be the Viagra synonymous for women. Each perspective is thoroughly covered in this paper as all sides of the spectrum are hit to understand why such cultural stigma has been placed upon female sexuality, leading to the ultimate question; Will our primitive mindsets continue to be the oppressing weights females bare in society? Keywords: Sexuality, psychological, physiological, sociology Since the beginning of time woman have been viewed as the keepers of monogamy, vested with the responsibility of limited sexual desires and actions. Female sexuality had not even been referenced in the medical field as apart of the female psyche. In...
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...can parasitize a large number organisms. Reports of Nematodes that inflict primates are usually zoonotic and of these Pinworms (Genus Enterobius) which are common in humans has been identified in orang-utans (Foitova et al 2008; Strait et al 2012). Four species have been documented Enterobius buckleyi, E. faecundus, E. simiae and E.vermicularis. Since both species of orang-utan (Pongo abelii, P.pygmaeus) are endangered their conservation is vital, thus understanding the pathogenicity of this parasite to be able to treat and control its spread. However there is still inadequate information on orang-utan parasites overall, including how the nematode infection can change over time and species. The largest study to date was collected from captive orang-utans (Frazier-Taylor and Karesh 1987) and studies on nematode infection from in the wild are even rarer. With gaps in are knowledge, I will be incorporating findings from other non-human primates studies to illustrate some...
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...AIDS RESEARCH FOR A VIABLE VACCINE 1 AIDS RESEARCH FOR A VIABLE VACCINE 2 Abstract AIDS is a global issue. The virus ravages communities, families and lives. As it continues to spread, several countries have made the commitment to work continuously to find ways to stop it. This ongoing quest has brought forth many ideologies, some of single theories others collaborations of theories. It is thought that a single method could be utilized to stop the spread of this deadly virus. It is also thought that the virus is curable and that pharmaceutical companies, governments and corporate entities, rather see the virus continue its’ path for their financial gain. This paper will introduce information that leads to another thought: “AIDS Research and the development of a viable vaccine”, is not being preempted by any entity except, the virus itself. There are factors that hinder the development of a viable vaccine to prevent the transmission of AIDS further research needs to be pursued. AIDS RESEARCH FOR A VIABLE VACCINE 3 AIDS Research for a Viable Vaccine The Problem AIDS is a public health problem that has been adding to its’ numbers since 1981, when it was “first recognized”. (Rowland) Since, 1996, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC has noted, “over one million people are HIV positive and nearly half of that number has AIDS”. In 2007, this number was represented at 33.2 million people worldwide with approximately 25 million...
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...of the simplest ways to answer this question is to look at our physical bodies. The first thing one can notice about the human body structure, from our vertical curved spine to the relative length of our legs, is that we are meant to be bipedal. Bipedalism is often mentioned as a factor that defines us as humans. Gordon Hewes (1961) stated that “man’s upright posture and bipedal gait have been justly considered outstanding features of human nature…” (p. 687). There’s no denying that bipedalism is important to us now, but the concept of bipedalism brings about the issue of why. Why did our early ancestors evolve from classic quadrupedal locomotion to favor a bipedal one? There are many different theories to address this question and this paper will evaluate four popular theories including visual surveillance, locomotor efficiency, thermoregulation, and freeing of the hands. While each theory may address an advantage of bipedalism provided to hominins, reviews of the scientific literature will show that the last theory, the freeing of the hands, is the most plausible explanation for the initial emergence of bipedalism. Visual surveillance theories are based off the idea that bipedalism would give human beings the height necessary to see farther distances. Human beings are decidedly dependent on our sense of vision to detect objects around us. Our evolutionary chain has lost long ago the physical features such as an elongated snout or rhinarium that would allow us to construct our...
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...Effect on Grauer’s Gorillas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. By Will Purdy 1011L Nov. 11, 2014 Introduction: Grauer’s Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri), or the eastern lowland gorilla is an extant subspecies of the eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei matschie) endemic to the eastern forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Grauer’s gorilla is biologically significant, in that it is the largest living primate. According to the IUCN (2014), Grauer’s gorilla, like many of it’s great-ape relatives, is an endangered species. When searching for the reason this animal has become endangered we have no further to look than the closest mirror; adult Eastern Lowland gorillas have no natural predators other than humans. This paper presents an analysis of humanity’s contributions from 1991 to present day towards the current endangered status of Grauer’s gorillas. The paper is organized into three main drivers of endangerment: Conflict and instability; Deforestation and environmental degradation; and poaching. The majority of the research in this paper was collected in the Kahuzi-Biega national park located along the border of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. Body: Up through the mid 1990’s the population of Grauer’s gorillas was estimated to be around 17,000 individuals. A decade later in 2005, populations were estimated to be around 8,000 individuals or less (IUCN 2014). A reasonable question to ask would be, “How did this happen?” To answer this, we...
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...published a book in 1993 titled, “The Great Ape Project.” The novel is composed of different essays written by advocates of the projects who aim to discuss the ethology and ethics issues between human beings and apes. Cavalieri and Singer argue that we now have “sufficient information about the capacities of chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans to make it clear that the moral boundary we draw between us and them is indefensible.” The novel became instantly popular and eventually led to the creation of the self-titled Great Ape Project. The Great Ape Project was founded in 1994 and put into action six years later in Sorobaca City. The Great Ape Project is an international movement that “aims to defend the rights of the non-human great primates-chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos, our closest relatives in the animal kingdom.” According to the project, the three main rights his project wants to ensure for apes include, the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture. The Great Ape Project argues that apes deserve the right to live a higher standard of life. Studies have proven that chimpanzee’s are the closest relatives of human beings. Chimpanzees share 98.4% of the same DNA that human’s have. DNA tests also say that gorilla’s share 97.7% of the same DNA that humans have. The Great Ape Project wants to bridge the gap between human beings along with chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans in order to provide equality in our...
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...Raymond Arthur Dart, born in 1893 in Queensland, Australia, was a neuroanatomist and a paleoanthropologist. He was most famous for discovering the Taung Child. His discoveries of fossil hominins (members of the human lineage) led to important insights into human evolution. He was raised on a dairy farm near Laidley, attended Toowong and Blenheim state and Ipswich Grammar schools. He graduated from the University of Queensland with first-class honours in biology, and studied medicine at University of Sydney. He acted vice-principal of St. Andrew’s College in 1917. He was a medical officer at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and as a captain in the Australian Army Medical Corps, served in England and France. In England, Dart took a post at University College, London, as senior demonstrator in anatomy. Then, he spent a year on Rockefeller Foundation fellowship in USA. He married to Dora Tyree, an instructor in anatomy, in 1921. In January 1923, he moved to South Africa, as a professor of anatomy at The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. In November 1924 Dart was given a fossil skull that had been found recently at Taungs. He extracted the fossil from the hard matrix and found that the skull was a child’s. It was a mixture of apish and human features. Its teeth were human-like while its brain was the size of an ape’s. Raymond Dart had found the missing link in the man-ape line of evolution. He died on 22nd November 1988 at the age of 95 in Reno, Nevada. I am interested...
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...What is a chimpanzee? What are chimpanzee's diets? What is a chimpanzee’s natural habitat? What are chimpanzee’s natural predators? How do chimpanzees communicate with one another? There are so many questions to ask about chimpanzees. This research paper is going to answer all those questions . What is a chimpanzee, what are chimpanzee’s diets, where do chimpanzees mainly live, and what are chimpanzee’s natural predators. What is a chimpanzee? Chimpanzees are primates. They have four legs and knows how to climb. A chimpanzee is an African animal. It almost shares the same deoxyribonucleic acid like one does. A chimpanzee is a type of ape. Other than knowing what a chimpanzee is, it is important to know what their diet is. What are a chimpanzee’s diet? Chimpanzees are omnivores that eat only fruit, vegetables and meat. Mainly chimpanzees eat fruit and vegetables. Also, chimpanzees eat bugs such as beetles, spiders, and worms. Some say disgusting others say that is fascinating. Still it so rare for a chimpanzee to eat bugs. That is a chimpanzee’s diet, but where do they eat and live. One more detail is a chimpanzee’s diet can affect their life span. If they eat enough the could live up to forty to fifty years, maybe even sixty years. What is a chimpanzee’s natural habitat? A chimpanzee’s natural...
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