Evolution of Management Thinking * Classical Perspective
During 19th and 20th centuries that emphasized a rational scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organization efficient operating machines.

This perspective contain 3 subfields:

1. Scientific Management- A Subfield of classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in the management practices as th solution to improvin labor.

Fredirick Winston Taylor (1856-1915)- Taylor theory that labor productivity could be improved by scientifically determined management practices. “father of scientific management” taylor philosophy is encapsulated in his statement “In the past the man has been first, In the future the system must be first”.

Henry Grant- Associate of Taylor, developed the Grant Chart. A bar graph that measures planned and completed works along each stage of production by time elapsed.

Lilian M. Gilbert (1878-1972) Frank B. Gilbert (1868-1924)- His “time and motion and her work in industrial psychology pioneered many of todays management and humar resourses. 2. Bureaucratic Organization - emphasized management on an impersonal, radical basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formla recordkeeping, and separation of management and ownership.

Max Weber (1864-1920)- The German theorists concept on bureaucratic organization have contributed to the efficiencies of many of today’s corporation.

6 Weberian ideal bureaucracy: 1. Division of labor with clear definition of authority and responsibility, 2. Position organized in a hierarchy of authority, 3. Manager subject to rules and procedures that will ensure reliable predictable behavior, 4. Management seperate from the ownership of the organization, 5. Administrative acts and decision recorded in writting, 6. Personnle seleced and