PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UNIT: I
2 MARKS
1. Define Management.
According to KOONTZ & WEIHRICH, “Management is the process of designing and maintaining of an environment in which individuals working together in groups efficiently accomplish selected aims”.
“Management is the art of getting things through and with people in formally organized groups”.
Ex: Human Resource Management, Financial Management.
2. Is Management - an art or science?
Managing as practice is an art; the organized knowledge underlying the practice is a science. Managing has the following features that make it an art.
1. Creative
2. Individual approach
3. Application and dedication
4. Initiative and
5. Intelligence.
The following features make it a science.
5. Systematic decision making
6. Universal management process
7. Situational output and
8. Universally accepted management.
Thus management can be called both as an art and science.
3. What are the essential skills of Managers?
The major skills required or expected out of managers are:Technical skills – Pertaining to knowledge and proficiency in activities involving methods and procedures; Human skills – Ability to work effectively with other persons and to build up cooperative group relations to accomplish organizational objectives;
Conceptual skills – Ability to recognize significant elements in a situation; and to understand the relationship among those elements; and
Design skills – Ability to solve problems in ways that will benefit the enterprise.
4.Define Scientific Management.
Scientific management involves specific method of determination of facts through observation.
The concept of scientific management was introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the USA in the beginning of 20th century. It was further carried on by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, etc. It
was