...Introduction There is an old controversy going on which is “Is management an art or a science?”. Management is everywhere. It can be found in offices , schools, banks, Hospitals etc. Whether it be a profit or non-profit organization, it is required for the smooth transition of the business. There is no agreed definition for the term management but according to Harold Koontz, Management is defined as “the art of getting things done through others and with formally organized groups” (Koontz, 1954)..To be effective in management, A manager should have should have undergone necessary training and Should possess some individual skills. This essay seeks to explore the question ‘Is management an art or a science? This essay will analyze whether management from the perspective of an art and a science. .Management as an art Ayn Rand (1905-1982) defines art as “a selective re-creation of reality according to an artist’s metaphysical value-judgments. If those who believe that management were an art, they are those people who believe that there is no specific way to learn management and it just takes two things i.e. personality and ability to learn and understand management. Additionaly these people would also believe that people can’t be taught to be effective managers, throughout the years they become better through experience and training. But For Schein, (2001) People’s attention towards the environment becomes more clear ,provoke them to question long-held beliefs, encourage developing...
Words: 1726 - Pages: 7
...com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) Roles and Functions Paper Today’s health care needs a manager who has understanding of management and the skills needed to manage within the health care environment. This management refers to activities included in planning, organizing, leading and controlling of an organization. The manager must respond and adapt to the changes in an organization required by the needs of the patient population it serves. Managers must be accountable not only in decision-making, but productivity, cost containment, safety, confidentiality, etc. An effective manager must be accountable, create a quality work environment, and understand the value of a diverse workplace as well as other important functions that contribute to effective management. Although the roles of manager vary, all managers in any health care organization or any organization for that matter must manage effectively using the management process, being accountable for themselves and others, using the principles of effective time management, networking, recognizing and supporting the department of intellectual capital and other essentials of successful management. To be able to achieve this, a manager must understand the business environment, and the people that will be involved in these changes, such as employees and other stakeholders that directly or indirectly impact its success. HCS...
Words: 5897 - Pages: 24
...of change: understanding the guiding principles of effective change management Most change management models in use today are in the form of a process or set of steps. In fact, the most effective processes or methodologies are based on research and the experiences of change management experts from years of trial and error in the field. However, the underlying lessons and principles that produced these change management processes and tools are not always clear to the practitioner (especially if you are new to the field of change management). In many cases, the guiding principles and lessons-learned are not even discussed as part of the model or tools. The result: you learn the how but not the why. The years of practical experience and knowledge that formed the basis for these processes are not readily available to a person trying to make them work in a specific situation. This new tutorial series goes beyond the activities and tasks of managing change for one simple reason: understanding the “why” makes you better at doing the “how.” Change management is not a matter of simply following steps. No two changes are exactly alike, nor are any two organizations. Following a recipe for change management is insufficient to drive business results. The right approach will be specific to the situation. If you do not understand the why behind your actions as a change management practitioner, changes can fail even when reputable change management processes are followed. In this tutorial...
Words: 1907 - Pages: 8
...Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Social Science Professor: Dr. Gary B. Lapiz THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS Management is defined in different ways. It is the process of designing or maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims, Weihrich, (1993). According to Mahony (1961), “It is the unifying and coordinating activity which combines the actions of individuals into meaningful and purposeful group endeavor”. Terry (1982) defined management as a “distinct process consisting of planning, or organizing, actuating, and controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources”. For Massie (1964), it is a “process by which a cooperative group directs action toward common goals”. Drucker views management as a discipline and a field of study that denotes a social position and authority involving people and their functions. Koontz considers management “to accomplish desired objectives by establishing an environment favorable to performance by people operating in organized groups”. Other scholars define management as an act of handling, directing, or exercising control and supervision on the functions of the organization. It is in the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals work together in groups to accomplish selected objectives. Management processes are the methods that aid the structuring, investigation, analysis, decision-making and...
Words: 8621 - Pages: 35
...Example - Good Managers are Effective Leaders In 2013, leaders will have to hone their skills to ensure that their organizations competitively reach stated objectives and goals. It is imperative to note that management is a profession, different from leadership, which is a calling. However, to be an effective leader, one must tap into management expertise. Leadership and management are two distinct entities that must go complementary for the success of any organization, industry, sport, and even a social setting context. Notably, leadership and management skills are essential to direct a group towards stated objectives and goals. More specifically, any leader requires management skills to lead an organization, or any other group effectively. Therefore, one must adapt good managerial principles to be an effective leader. Change management The first critical part of the leader’s job is managing change. Over the years, change continues to accelerate critically. Effective leaders are those that successfully manage change in their organizations. These are the leaders that effectively realize changes in Managerial principles to ensure the smooth running of organizations, and also, to ensure that they achieve their set targets and objectives. Delegating Successful managers are those that ensure that duties and responsibilities are adequately delegated across the organization. This will ensure that every team player is fully challenged. Effective leaders are those that successfully...
Words: 405 - Pages: 2
...Human Resource Management Human resource management is a very important department within an organization therefore; it should be conducted effectively to achieve company’s success within the organization. The human resource management department is mandated with the employees’ management directly and dealing with the human beings is a challenging task in firm since the organization success is directly related to the motivation and happiness of the employees (Dessler, 2005). The HR department applies specific theories and philosophies to assist them in managing their employees. Some of these philosophies include the utilitarianism principle and the happiness principle as explained below. HR management is concerned with recruiting, training, and directing the human capital within the organization (Baker & Doran, 2007). The HR department deals with the compensation, hiring, communication, employee motivation, benefits, performance, safety, administration, and training of the employees of the organization. The HR management is a strategic approach used in managing the firm’s human capital and the workplace culture. HR management is a key unit in the organization that has a direct effect on the organization success. Effective management of the employees results to better and effective performance of the business (Sims, 2007). Effective management of the employees’ wins their loyalty thus leading to motivation of the employees. The HR management practices are evolving from...
Words: 1236 - Pages: 5
...HI 6005: Management and Organisations in a Global Environment Henry Foyal’s contribution to the management Presented by Archan Dhakal | FIR2632 | Surya Pokrel | POK2032 | Pariyar Binaya | TIA2125 | Fahad Iqbal | BCM2092 | Purvika Fofindiwala | PCC2292 | Executive Summary Henri Fayol, the father of the school of Systematic Management, was motivated to create a theoretical foundation for a managerial educational program based on his experience as a successful managing director of a mining company. In his day, managers had no formal training and he observed that the increasing complexity of organizations would require more professional management. Fayol's legacy is his generic Principles of Management. Of Fayol's six generic activities for industrial undertakings (technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting, managerial), the most important were The Five Functions of Management that focused on the key relationships between personnel and its management. Planning was referred as drawing up plans of actions that combine unity, continuity, flexibility and precision given the organization’s resources, type and significance of work and future trends. Creating a plan of action is the most difficult of the five tasks and requires the active participation of the entire organization. Planning must be coordinated on different levels and with different time horizons where as organizing was providing capital, personnel and raw materials for the day-to-day running...
Words: 4818 - Pages: 20
...Governance | Should accountability, transparency and effective risk management be regarded as the most important principles of Corporate Governance? | | What actually corporate governance is and how it actually affects a corporation? What are the main players playing a part in corporate governance? These are the questions one must understand in order to see the role of principles like accountability, transparency and effective risk management in corporate governance. So corporate governance is defined as “the relationship between a company’s shareholders, directors, and management as defined by the corporate charter, bylaws, formal policy, and rule of law”. (Gallegos, 2004, p. 37). This definition clearly shows the relationship of a company’s shareholder, directors and management. But this definition is only limited to what are the main players of corporate governance. In order to understand its impact on a corporation or company, ASX defines it as, “Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and managed. It influences how the objectives of the company are set and achieved, how risk is monitored and assessed, and how performance is optimized. Good corporate governance structures encourage companies to create value (through entrepreneurism, innovation, development and exploration) and provide accountability and control systems commensurate with the risks involved’. (ASX Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Best Practices Recommendations...
Words: 1449 - Pages: 6
...Henry Fayol, a French industrialist, developed the theory of management. According to him, managerial excellence is a technical ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management. Fayol's principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U.S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management. Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. Henry Fayol's Principle of Management Followings are the 14 principles of management developed by the Henry Fayol: 1. Division of Work: According to Henry Fayol under division of work, "The worker always on the same post, the manager always concerned with the same matters, acquire an ability, sureness and accuracy which increases their output. In other words, division of work means specialization. According to this principle, a person is not capable of doing all types of work. Each job and work should be assigned to the specialist of his job. Division of work promotes efficiency because it permits an organizational member to work in a limited area reducing the scope of his...
Words: 1461 - Pages: 6
...does it take to win” (Welch Pg.3). Welch believes when companies win, everybody wins and the world is a better place. In his book, Winning, Welch attempts to answer the question of what it takes to win. He uses his experience at General Electric, the experiences of close friends and other corporate examples to provide a detailed roadmap for creating the foundation and corporate culture required to obtain a competitive advantage and win. Welch outlines and details three central pillars to his winning formula: strong management philosophy, effective management, and a focus on competitive advantage. This review will discuss each of these three pillars and their key elements. Welch’s first pillar to winning is management philosophy. A company’s management philosophy forms the foundation of the company and is based on four principles: strong mission and resolute values, candor, voice and dignity and differentiation. The management philosophy and four principles are critical to the goal of winning as they are a recurring theme throughout the other two pillars. According to Welch, in order for a company to determine where it can profitably compete within an industry it needs a strong mission and resolute values. In defining a company’s mission and values, Welch cautions against often used generic mission statements and values that attempt to appease the masses. Instead, he asserts that the mission should answer the question “How do we intend to win in this business” (Welch...
Words: 1179 - Pages: 5
...CASE 1.1: Waste Management: the Matching Principle 1. The definition and the importance of matching principle under GAAP Matching principle: Expenses have to be matched with revenues as long as it is reasonable to do so. Expenses are recognized not when the work is performed, or when a product is produced, but when the work or the product actually makes its contribution to revenue. Only if no connection with revenue can be established, cost may be charged as expenses to the current period. The matching principle plays an important role in the recording of expenses. First, since the matching principle recognizes expenses in the period in which related revenues are recognized, it affects a company’s bottom line reported in the income statement. Second, it facilitates a more accurate evaluation of actual profitability and performance during the period in question of a company. 2. Waste Management’s violation of matching principle The matching principle requires that companies depreciate the cost of the asset over its expected life span. Waste Management made unsupported changes to the estimated useful lives and salvage values of its assets. It violated the matching principle by posting depreciation expenses that did not match the revenues recognized in a specific period. Consequently, the understated depreciation expenses also affected the bottom line on the financial statements which delivered misleading profitability information to the investors. 3. Whether...
Words: 547 - Pages: 3
...unity the plan is chosen. When is it Used? When situations change frequently, democratic leadership offers a great deal of flexibility to adapt to better ways of doing things. Unfortunately, it is also somewhat slow to make a decision in this structure, so while it may embrace newer and better methods; it might not do so very quickly. Democratic leadership style can bring the best out of an experienced and professional team. It capitalizes on their skills and talents by letting them share their views, rather than simply expecting them to conform. If a decision is very complex and broad, it is important to have the different areas of expertise represented and contributing input – this is where democratic leader shines. How to be effective with this position: • Keep communication open: If the marketplace of ideas is going to be open for business, everyone needs to feel comfortable enough to put their ideas on the table. The democratic leadership style thrives when all the considerations are laid out for everyone to examine. • Focus the discussion: It’s hard to...
Words: 1215 - Pages: 5
...Budgeting is a process of planning, setting goals and defining the objectives of the management that are needed for a given period of time. It is the tool that provides specific direction and achievements for the company. It also controls the business setting, as well as it helps the management to study the financial aspects of the business and challenges of each department, and learn how to solve these problems. Budgeting also focuses on the essential points in evaluating the alternative actions before coming up with final decisions. Similarly, this is also the financial plan to control the future operations and outcome of the business. The financial aspect involves the budget allocation, the number of hours that must be spend in the operations and production, as well as the number of manpower that is needed in order to operate efficiently an effectively the business. Budgeting works also for the systematic and orderly management program that involves the management of the manpower as well as the effective communication process between the management and the workforce in order to promote motivational factors over the employees. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_range_planning) Furthermore, some budget allocation may be short term, like one year or less; it can be intermediate term for two to three years; or a long term budget that might span for three years or beyond. In the case of short-term budgets, they provide bigger details and information...
Words: 861 - Pages: 4
...Budgeting as a Key Component in Short and Long- Term Planning Management Budgeting is a process of planning, setting goals and defining the objectives of themanagement that are needed for a given period of time. It is the tool that provides specific direction and achievements for the company. It also controls the business setting, as well as it helps the management to study the financial aspects of the business and challenges of each department, and learn how to solve these problems. Budgeting also focuses on the essential points in evaluating the alternative actions before coming up with final decisions. Similarly, this is also the financial plan to control the future operations and outcome of the business. The financial aspect involves the budget allocation, the number of hours that must be spend in the operations and production, as well as the number of manpower that is needed in order to operate efficiently an effectively the business. Budgeting works also for the systematic and orderly management program that involves the management of the manpower as well as the effective communication process between the management and the workforce in order to promote motivational factors over the employees. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_range_planning) Furthermore, some budget allocation may be short term, like one year or less; it can be intermediate term for two to three years; or a long term budget that might span for three years or beyond. In the case of short-term budgets...
Words: 869 - Pages: 4
...Management Principles Introduction Management is a vital role of the HR department that ensures that an organization has what it takes to accomplish its goals and objectives. It comprises interrelated social and technical functions and activities that pull people and other resources together in a formal organizational setting in the effort of facilitating the achievement of these goals. Management principles refer to some strategically developed guidelines and set timelines that are used to organize staff, maintain organizational structure, delegate authorities, and establish policies and procedures in the view of implementing the vision of any organization. Henry Fayol, a Frenchman and a coal-mining engineer, developed fourteen management principles that form the basis for today’s effective organizational management. Fayol’s management principles help managers to make crucial decisions towards the accomplishment of individual and organizational objectives. Apparently, management and leadership go hand in hand in the process of running an organization. On the other hand, Stauffacher describes leadership as an interpersonal role of an individual to influence and provide purpose, direction, motivation, and support of other people in the achievement of the mission. Leadership is the most essential element of the management process. However, it is knowledge, skills and experience that culminate into a leader’s effectiveness. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to discuss...
Words: 1515 - Pages: 7
