...Q1. Decide which of the following identifier forms is most readable, and then support that decision. SumOfSales sum_of_sales SUMOFSALES Ans: The identifier “sum_of_sales” is most readable because it is clearly identify the meaning of the variable. The underscore will separate the word which clearly define the meaning that this variable is used to store the sum vales of the sales. That’s why we will decide this identifier. Q2. Some of the programming languages are type less. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having no types in a language? Ans: Type less languages are those languages in which we don’t need to specify the type of the variables used in a program. The compiler implicitly take the type of the variable according to the value assigned to it. Advantages: * We don’t need to specify the type of variable which reduce the limitation for assigning the values. * Type less languages allow to perform the different operations, because it implicitly convert the types of variable. Disadvantages: * Sometimes we don’t want to take the variables types dynamically, we have to specify the type explicitly for our required operation * It is difficult to guess the types of variable in type less language, because it depends on the type of the value assigned to it. Q3. Consider the following Pascal program skeleton Program main var x, y, z : integer Procedure sub1; var a, y, z : integer procedure sub2; var a, b, z : integer; ...
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...Computer programming (often shortened to programming) is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding[1][2]) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic. Related tasks include testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code, implementation of the build system, and management of derived artifacts such as machine code of computer programs. These might be considered part of the programming process, but often the term "software development" is used for this larger process with the term "programming", "implementation", or "coding" reserved for the actual writing of source code. Software engineering combines engineering techniques with software development practices. Computer Programming Principles : Program Design Computer Programming is the process of writing, testing, troubleshooting, debugging and maintaining...
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...SQL Unit 7 – Learning Journal Bachelor's degree in computer science CS2203-01– AY2024-T3 Student: Eckert Schnetler Instructor: Rupa Sarda. Introduction Effective database programming and management in the fields of computer science and database management depend on lifelong learning and implementation of core concepts. This post explores two primary database programming paradigms and evaluates their benefits and drawbacks. It also reflects on my recent experiences learning about databases and the ACID principle. 1. What is the difference between a. and a. Reflective Analysis of Personal Learning Experience I made a big advancement in my knowledge of database management systems this past week. I started a thorough investigation of the ACID principle, which is a fundamental idea in the sector. Atomicity,...
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...INTRODUCTION Structured programming (known as modular programming) is a subset of procedural programming that enforces a logical structure in the programming being written, to make it more efficient and easier to understand and modify. Structured programming frequently employs a top-down design model, in which developers map out the overall program structure into separate subsections. A defined function or a set of similar functions coded in separate modules can be reused in other programs. After a module has been tested individually, it is then integrated with other modules into the overall program structure. Program flow follows a simple hierarchical model that employs looping constructs such as 'for,' 'repeat' and 'while.' Use of the 'Go To' statement is discouraged in structured programming. Structured programming was first suggested by the mathematicians Corrado Bohm and Guiseppe Jacopini. They demonstrated that any computer program can be written with just three structures: decision, sequences and loops. In structured programming coders break larger pieces of code into shorter subroutines (functions, procedures, methods, blocks or otherwise) that are small enough to be understood easily. In general, programs should use local variables and take arguments by either value or reference. These techniques help to make isolated small pieces of code easier to understand the whole program at once. PASCAL, Ada and C are some of the examples of structured programming languages. 1.1.1 Sequence...
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...Life’s paths are guided by a set of rules call Ethics. Ethics are principles that set forth parameters for us to determine what is right or wrong. These parameters define practices that should be performed in our personal and business lives. The Programming Code of Ethics and God’s Ten Commandments are different in nature but possess some similarities. The Programming Code of Ethics speaks against dishonesty. It states that “...never reuse copyrighted code unless the proper license is purchased or permission is obtained” (Programming Code of Ethics). Use of unauthorized copyrighted code is known as copyright infringement. Copyright infringement as defined by copyright holders is theft (Wikipedia.org). God commands us not to steal (Exodus 20:15 KJV). It is immoral to be dishonest. In the Ten Commandments God tell us “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain” (Exodus 20:7 KJV). This verse tells us we are to be reverence to God and not defame his name. The Programming Code of Ethics has such similarity when it states “…never defame the profession” (Programming Code of Ethics). As professionals we should be loyal and respect the profession. The Programming Code of Ethics also talks about truthfulness. It states “…never maliciously injure the reputation of an employer or members of the development team” (Programming Code of Ethics). God commands that “Thou shalt not bear false witness...
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...Bibliography 8 Statement of research problem The purpose of this study is to find out if the adoption of Extreme programming in a learning environment has improved student productivity. It is a software development process used by small teams who have rapidly changing requirements. With regard to students, all students that are studying software development modules are also faced with this problem where by the requirements are continuously changing as they get deeper within their project. This paper is to show if extreme programming is actually helping students become more productive regardless of the ever changing requirements. Context or background to the research problem In this day and age the most widely used form of agile development in software development is extreme programming which was proposed by Kent Beck in 1996. Many parameters contribute to the success of XP. Researchers concluded that using XP in an educational domain has many benefits, where they have seen that less skilled students were able to show more progress than they would have if a traditional methodology were used.(Assassa, Mathkour, & Al Dossari). XP offers a number of practices, values and principles which are advised to be adopted in order to run a software development project(Assassa et al., 2006). These values include communication, simplicity, feedback and courage. Extreme programming has four stages which are planning,...
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...framework and is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs. .NET is an object-oriented language. You use namespaces to get specific classes you need to use to do your work, and you use subroutines and functions to determine how the server processes user input. ASP.NET is an object-oriented, event-driven programming model for Web pages. Like all .NET programs, you can write ASP.NET pages in any of the four supported languages. 1.APL - is an interactive array-oriented language and integrated development environment, which is available from a number of commercial and noncommercial vendors and for most computer platforms. It is based on a mathematical notation developed by Kenneth E. Iverson and associates that features special attributes for the design and specifications of digital computing systems, both computer hardware and software. 2.ASNA Visual RPGRPG.NET - ASNA Visual RPG for .NET (AVR) is the only RPG compiler available for .NET. It produces native, verifiable, .NET assemblies and integrates very tightly with Visual Studio 3.Boo Codehaus Boo – python inspired syntax - Boo is a new object oriented statically typed programming language for the Common Language Infrastructure with a python inspired syntax and a...
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...PP Name University OOP as Compared to Using Only PP Object oriented programming is one programming ideal model that uses the idea of abstraction (as objects and classes) to make models focused at the environment based on the real world. An object oriented application utilizes a gathering of objects, which are conveyed by passing messages to ask for different services. These objects are fit for passing messages, getting messages, and handling information. The point of programs coded using object oriented programming is to attempt to build the adaptability and practicality of projects. Since projects made utilizing an object oriented programming language are measured, they might be less demanding to create, and more straightforward to see after the development of the program itself (Sintes, 2002). There are many arguments between the differences between object oriented programming and procedural programming. Many claim that the latter is much better than the former because of the latter’s advantages. To understand it more, let us put it this way. Projects are made up of different modules, which are considered as individual parts of a program that could be coded and tried out independently, and afterward collected to structure a complete system. In procedural programming languages such as C, these modules are known as procedures, where a system is a grouping of different statements. In the C programming language, for instance, the procedures used are an arrangement of basic...
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...www.VLCglobal.com/support VLC Course Descriptions Quantitative Analysis for Decision Making Quantitative Analysis for Decision Making An Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Experience 2011-2012 Course Description This course provides the student with the concepts, methods and tools for the application of logical and quantitative analysis to business decision making and problem solving. It familiarizes the student with a wide range of software and other classical and contemporary resources related to decision and problem analysis, including basics of logic and decision making, principles of optimization, probabilistic distributions, linear programming, simplex, queuing and transportation problems, break even analysis, inventory management, forecasting and simulation. The course highlights the benefits as well as the limits of quantitative analysis in a real-world context. This course may be adapted for the graduate and undergraduate levels. Materials Readings, assignments, problems and assessments are integrated into the courseware. Any additional materials will be assigned by the instructor at the start or during the course. Course Outline & Assignments Assignments will change from time to time as new resources become available, contemporary events have bearing on the topics, or the social, legal, or economic environments change. FUNDAMENTALS OF DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING (Module One, 4-6 hours) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...
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...Fluent or Law of Demeter? Serban Gavrus Abstract The Law of Demeter is one of the most widely known programming principle, it‟s easy to respect and it assures some important code quality aspect. It can be briefly defined as “use only one dot”. Fluency is a popular choice for implementing interfaces because it adds readability and ease of use. Method chaining and fluency are in practice inseparable. These two aspects of programming seem to be contradictory, one can‟t have both. This essay argues that fluency and LoD can coexist and in the case where the developer must sacrifice one for the other, there is no clear rule to follow. 1.1 Law of Demeter The Law of Demeter was proposed by Ian Holland in 1987. It‟s a programming rule that applies to how methods are written, whose purpose is to assure a good programming style. It‟s been created as a metric to asses the quality of an object-orientated program. The direct purpose of the law is to condense several OOP principles(coupling control, information hiding, information restriction, information localization, structural induction) into a simple and easy to follow rule. The indirect purpose is to ensure loose coupling and stricter modularity. [1] The Law of Demeter is intended to be a guideline, not an absolute restriction. Misunderstanding and blindly following this law can lead to poorer code. [1] The law states that an object “A” should not access an object “B”, retrieved by calling a method of another object “C”, of...
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...Principle of Software Engineering Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Boehm's First Law 4 Boehm's Second law 5 Conway's law 5 Parnas Law 6 Corbató Law 7 Observation 8 Theory 9 Law 9 Question 3 10 Law 11 References 12 Abstract The purpose of the study is to show the capability to understand the set of laws that are the part of principles of the software engineering. In this paper, it is discussed that there are many laws related to the software engineering but only few of them are to be addressed. Boehm first and second law, Conway’s laws, Parnas laws & Corbato law were discussed with examples. There are two relationship processes that are also discussed, related to the software Engineering. Law method and tools which are depended on each other and they are performing the task with the help of principle and process by following the rules. Same scenario is followed in other relation too, where observation, law and theory are depended on each other. Observation is repeatable to law and law is explained by theory. Theory should be confirmed by the law and it predict by the observation before further proceeding. Introduction Question No 1 Boehm's First Law Errors are more regular in the middle of fundamentals and configuration exercises and are more abundant when they are displaced. In this law, some basic configuration errors do outnumber code blunders. However, cost stays smooth...
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...CSE- 401 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [3 1 0 4] 1. Distributed System Models: Introduction , Examples , Architecture models , Fundamental models (1.1,1.2,1.4, 2.1-2.3 of Text1 ) ..2hrs 2. Interprocess Communication, Distributed Objects and Remote Invocation: Introduction , External data representation and marshalling, Communication models, Communication between distributed objects , Remote procedure call Case study: Interprocess communication in UNIX, Java RMI . (4.1-4.6, 5.1-5.5 of Text1) ..6hrs 3. Operating System Introduction , Operating system layer, Processes and threads, Communication and invocation, Architecture (6.1-6.6 of Text1) ..4hrs. 4. Distributed File Systems and Name Services: Introduction , File service architecture, Name services, Domain Name System, Directory and directory services. Case study: Sun network file system, Global name service. (8.1-8.3, 9.1-9.4 of Text1) …6hrs 5. Synchronization: Clock Synchronization, Physical clocks, Logical clocks, Global state (5.1-5.3 of Text2) ..5hrs 6. Transactions&...
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...PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMING LANGAUAGES Sub Code: IA Marks: Hrs/Week: 04 Exam Hours: 03 Total Hrs: 42 Exam Marks: 100 UNIT I 1. Introduction 4 Hrs Toward higher level languages, Programming paradigms, Language implementation: Bridging the gap, Expression notations, Abstract syntax trees. 2. Types : Data Representation 6 Hrs Elementary data types – Data objects, Variables and Constants, Data types, Declarations, Type checking and type conversion. Numeric data types, Enumerations, Booleans, characters. Structural data types- Structured data objects and data types, Specification of data structure types, Implementation of data structure types, Vectors and arrays, Records, Type equivalence. UNIT II 3. Imperative Programming 6 Hrs Basic statements, Structured sequence control, Handling special cases in loops, Programming with invariants, Proof rules for partial correctness. Procedure activations – simple call-return subprograms, Parameter passing methods, Scope rules for names...
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...elements of both approaches. The predictive approach to the SDLC is used for projects that are well understood and low risk. The adaptive approach to the SDLC is used for projects that are not well understood and are higher risk. Adaptive SDLCs are more iterative and allow the project team to adapt the project to changing circumstances. The other important concept that you should learn from this chapter are the difference between the two main methodologies to system development that are currently used to develop business systems: the structured approach and the object-oriented approach. The object-oriented approach refers to system development using newer object technologies that require a different approach to analysis, design, and programming. Finally the chapter concludes with a discussion of the Agile philosophy and Agile...
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...3 4 3 4 3 Credit 4 2 4 2 4 2 University External Marks 50 50 50 CSE361 CSE313 CSE363 AS301 EC316 EC366 EC317 EC367 Data Structures (Practical) Peripheral Devices & Interfaces Hardware Lab (Practical) Engineering Mathematics – III Digital Electronics Digital Electronics (Practical) Microprocessors Microprocessors (Practical) 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 0 15 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5 3 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 09 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 29 2 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 25 50 50 50 50 250 Internal Total Sessional Marks 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 450 100 50 100 50 100 100 50 100 50 700 7. 8. Total ASC405 CSE 415 Analysis & Design of Algorithms Analysis & Design of Algorithms (Practical) Database Management System Database Management System (Practical) Object Oriented Programming Object Oriented Programming (Practical) Cyber Law & IPR Computer Architecture & Organization Internal Total Sessional Marks 50 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 50 100 50 3 3 15 0 1 4 0 0 9 3 4 28 3 4 25 50 50 250 50 50 400 100 100 650 2 Scheme of Examination of B.E. in Computer Science & Engineering Third Year - Fifth Semester Sr. Paper Subject Title Scheme of Teaching Univesity Internal Sessional Code External L T P Hou Credit Marks Total Marks rs s 1. CSE511 Operating System 3 1 0 4 4 50 50...
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