...their organization. This will then create a top-down management structure where the managers strongly control the direction of the workplace by using their quick decision skills and supervision. However with an organization that has a decentralized structure, this will allow greater decision-making along with authority at a lower organizational level. With decentralization there will be less direct managerial supervision that will be needed. It does not eliminate the need for so many hierarchical levels within large complex organizations but rather assisting to tall structures to be more flexible while reducing the amount of the direct supervision that may or may not be needed. Horizontal differentiated organizations are divided into subunits that have a variety of hierarchies and each division has its own hierarchy. It is also the principle way in which an organization will control their employees without raising the number of its hierarchical levels. Standardization will reduce the need for levels of management mainly because its rules will substitute for direct supervision gaining control over employees. By doing this it will make the behavior and actions of each employee more predictable. Tasks given are then controlled through rules, SOPs and norms while the rules eliminate direct supervision and management can delegate responsibility with subordinates knowing these rules. When it comes to informal organization it can affect the way the formal hierarchy works. When discussing...
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...SCHOOL SUPERVISION Definition of School Supervision Supervision of any school ordinarily refers to the improvement of the total teaching-learning situation and the conditions that affect them. It is a socialized functions designs to improve instruction by working with the people who are working with the students/pupils. Supervision can also be defined in terms of function and purposes for which it shall be used as a) skills in leadership, b) skills in human relation, c) skill in group process, d) skill in personnel administration and e) skill in evaluation. Scope of School Supervision The major functions logically under school supervision can be cited as: Inspection. This is actually a study of school conditions, to discover problems or defects of the students, teachers, equipment, school curriculum, objectives and methods. This could be done via actual observation, educational tests, conference, questionnaires and checklists. Research. This has something to do to remedy the weaknesses of the solution to solve problems discovered. The supervisor should conduct research to discover means, methods and procedure fundamental to the success of supervision. The solutions discovered are then passed on the teachers. Training. This is acquainting teachers with solutions discovered in research through training. Training may take the form of demonstration teaching, workshops, seminars, classroom observations, individual or group conferences, intervisitation, professional...
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...essay applying the principles and theory of supervision to the students' own experiences. Title –‘The importance of supervision within the counselling profession.’ This will include references to personal experiences of supervision. 1750 words Please note: Students who have not yet experienced any supervision will need to make sure they have had the minimum of one session before they write the assignment (see assignment criteria two). The programme has a list of recommended supervisors students can refer to in order to arrange a one to one session with an appropriate supervisor. Assignment Criteria 1. Analysis of basic concepts and principles of good quality supervision. 2. Evaluation of students own use of supervision. 3. Application of the notion of the internal supervisor to student’s evaluation of their own use of supervision. 4. Clarity of expression and relevant literacy references. Title –‘The importance of supervision within the counselling profession.’ This will include references to personal experiences of supervision. 1750 words INTRODUCTION Bayner & Jinks maintain that supervision both safeguards the client and facilitates the effectiveness of the counsellor 1. Analysis (break into elements or component parts/describe the main ideas in depth, showing why they are important and how they are connected) of basic concepts (theory, model hypothesis and principles (values, ideology) of good quality supervision What constitutes...
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...Issues paper ISLAMIC FINANCIAL SERVICES BOARD and INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE SUPERVISORS ISSUES IN REGULATION AND SUPERVISION OF TAKAFUL (ISLAMIC INSURANCE) August 2006 THE JOINT WORKING GROUP: Islamic Financial Services Board International Association of Insurance Supervisors Members • Professor Rifaat Abdel Karim Ahmed • Islamic Financial Services Board • Dr Simon Archer • Islamic Financial Services Board • Abdullah Haron • Islamic Financial Services Board • Arup Chatterjee • International Supervisors • Abdul Rahman Tolefat • Bahrain Monetary Authority • Peter Casey • Dubai Financial Services Authority • Kholoud Saqqaf • Insurance Commission of Jordan • Dana Janbulat • Insurance Commission of Jordan • M'unis Haddadin • Insurance Commission of Jordan • Zabidi Othman • Central Bank of Malaysia • Wan Malawati Wan Mansor • Central Bank of Malaysia • Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Osman • Central Bank of Malaysia • Fahad A. Al Zomea • Saudi Arabia Monetary Authority IFSB & IAIS – Issues in Regulation and Supervision of Takaful (Islamic Insurance) Association of Insurance Page 2 of 16 Issues in Regulation and Supervision of Takaful (Islamic Insurance) Table of contents Background ..............................................................................................................................4 SECTION 1 – BACKGROUND TO TAKAFUL .........................................................................4 Islamic...
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...Banking Supervision Principles for Sound Liquidity Risk Management and Supervision September 2008 Requests for copies of publications, or for additions/changes to the mailing list, should be sent to: Bank for International Settlements Press & Communications CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland E-mail: publications@bis.org Fax: +41 61 280 9100 and +41 61 280 8100 © Bank for International Settlements 2008. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may be reproduced or translated provided the source is stated. ISBN print: 92-9131-767-5 ISBN web: 92-9197-767-5 Table of Contents Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1 Principles for the management and supervision of liquidity risk ...............................................3 Fundamental principle for the management and supervision of liquidity risk ...........................3 Governance of liquidity risk management.................................................................................3 Measurement and management of liquidity risk .......................................................................3 Public disclosure.......................................................................................................................4 The role of supervisors .............................................................................................................4 Fundamental principle for the management and supervision of...
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...Assignment: Discuss the idea that banks will continue to fail even in the presence of supervision clearly articulating what constitutes supervision and regulation for the financial system as well as the rationale for regulating the financial system. __________________________________________________________________________ What constitutes supervision and regulation for the financial system? Banking supervision and regulation provides a forum for regular cooperation on banking supervisory matters; its objective is to enhance understanding of key supervisory issues and improve the quality of banking supervision The core principle for effective banking supervision addresses supervisory requirements relating to banking licensing. The licensing authority must have the power to set criteria and reject applications establishment that do not meet the standards set. The licensing process should consist of an assessment of the ownership structure, governance of the bank and that includes: fitness and propriet of board members and senior management, its strategic and operating plan, its internal controls, risk management, projected financial condition and its capital base The purpose of obtaining this information is to review: major shareholders' past banking and non-banking business ventures, their integrity and standing in the business community, their financial strength, their ability to provide further financial support should it be needed, their other interests and the...
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...delegation are the right task, circumstances, person, communication and supervision. Considering the right task, a task may only be delegated if the delegator has responsibility and authority over it and if it has not been delegated to them. From the right circumstances, a task is appropriate for delegation if it does not involve personal information or confidential issues that the person is not allowed to access. Considering the right person, tasks that require specific skills, knowledge and attitudes can only be delegated to a person who has such qualities. The right communication implies that a task will be appropriate for delegation if there are clear instructions and information concerning it. Lastly, a task that requires a certain level supervision and monitoring, cannot be delegated unless that level of monitoring and supervision is available. These rights of delegation are applied in decisions concerning what tasks a manager will delegate and to whom the tasks will be delegated (Lipe & Beasley, 2004). Question 2 Ethical Dilemmas The common ethical principles are the principle of autonomy, beneficence, justice, fidelity and confidentiality. Autonomy refers to self-determination and freedom of choice. Every person has a right to make personal informed decisions. Beneficence is a principle that directs professionals to always ‘do good’, it is often closely tied to non-maleficence, the principle of ‘do no harm’. Justice...
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...boundaries. Ethics and legal factors Everyone who works within the health and social care sector has to abide by the ethical guidelines. "Ethics can be defined as a set of moral principles or rules of conduct" (O'Farrell, 1999). The ethics framework states the guidelines that are expected of each counsellor and professional and it consists of three elements; Values, principles and also personal moral qualities. "Professional ethics may be viewed as the rightful domain of moral philosophy which is concerned with establishing principles for articulating what is 'good' and what is 'bad'." (Nelson-Jones, 2002) Six major ethical principles of the BACP are; self-respect, individual autonomy, beneficence (benefiting the client), non-maleficence (not harming the client), justice (fair distribution of services within the society) and fidelity (honouring promises and underpinning trust). These can be viewed for underpinning the practice of counsellors and superior practitioners. Ethical principles are well suited to examining the justification for particular decisions and actions. However, reliance on principles alone may detract from the importance of the practitioner's personal qualities and their ethical significance in the counselling or therapeutic relationship (BACP, 2013). Values inform principles and they are important to the counsellor to expressing their commitment to ethics. The values of counsellors include; respecting human rights and dignity, ensuring the integrity of...
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...International Journal of Islamic Financial Services Vol. 2 No.1 REGULATION OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN BANGLADESH : ROLE OF BANGLADESH BANK Abdul Awwal Sarker As regards the supervision and inspection of the banks in Bangladesh, an equal treatment is being followed for all banks including the Islamic ones by the Bangladesh Bank. In some cases, Bangladesh Bank has given some special provision for the Islamic banks. Yet, for the smooth development and operation of the Islamic banking, Bangladesh Bank should devise the separate regulatory and supervisory guidelines for the Islamic banks and non-bank Islamic financial institutions. 1. Banking System of Bangladesh The banking system of Bangladesh is composed of a variety of banks working as Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), Private Banks, Foreign Banks, Specialised Banks and Development Banks. However, 28 out of 50 banks in Bangladesh are private, of which only 5, namely Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited, Al-Baraka Bank Bangladesh Limited, Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited, Social Investment Bank Limited, and Faysal Islamic Bank of Bahrain E.C. have been operating as Islamic banks. Besides these full-fledged Islamic banks, two conventional banks in the private sector namely the Prime Bank Limited and Dhaka Bank Limited, have opened two full-fledged Islamic banking branches and Islamic Banking Counter respectively to deal with the Islamic banking business parallel to their conventional operations. The operations and accounts of these...
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...How do we reconcile the uncertainties of supervision, teaching, and instructional improvement? How do we know whether we are progressing in the desired direction? Unless we reflect on our own beliefs, there is little to steer us. Sergiovanni and Starratt (1983) noted the importance of understanding one’s own supervisory beliefs: What is needed is some firm footing in principle. Some have called our often unexpressed constellation of principles a platform. Just as a political party is supposed to base its decisions and actions on a party platform upon which it seeks election, so, too, supervisory personnel need a platform upon which, and in the light of which, they can carry on their work. With a clearly defined platform, they can begin to take a position relative to educational practices, looking beyond the surface behavior to probe for the real consequences of a variety of school practices. (pp. 226–227) Knowing oneself as a supervisor is necessary before considering alternative practices and procedures. To move from a platform, we must first know where we are standing. . The first question with which schools and school systems must deal is: What is good? Only after that question has been answered should we deal with the second question: How do we become effective? The current fascination with findings from the research on effectiveness has blinded schools and school systems to the more basic question of goodness. Do higher test scores justify labeling a school “good” if the...
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...Basel Committee on Banking Supervision reforms - Basel III Strengthens microprudential regulation and supervision, and adds a macroprudential overlay that includes capital buffers. Capital Pillar 1 Capital Quality and level of capital Greater focus on common equity. The minimum will be raised to 4.5% of riskweighted assets, after deductions. Capital loss absorption at the point of non-viability Contractual terms of capital instruments will include a clause that allows – at the discretion of the relevant authority – write-off or conversion to common shares if the bank is judged to be non-viable. This principle increases the contribution of the private sector to resolving future banking crises and thereby reduces moral hazard. Capital conservation buffer Comprising common equity of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, bringing the total common equity standard to 7%. Constraint on a bank’s discretionary distributions will be imposed when banks fall into the buffer range. Countercyclical buffer Imposed within a range of 0-2.5% comprising common equity, when authorities judge credit growth is resulting in an unacceptable build up of systematic risk. Liquidity Pillar 2 Containing leverage Leverage ratio A non-risk-based leverage ratio that includes off-balance sheet exposures will serve as a backstop to the risk-based capital requirement. Also helps contain system wide build up of leverage. Pillar 3 Market discipline Revised Pillar 3 disclosures requirements The requirements introduced...
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...Family Therapy: A Systemic Integration, 8th Edition PART 1 THE SYSTEMIC FRAMEWORK Chapter 1: Two Different Worldviews The Framework of Individual Psychology The Framework of Systemic Family Therapy Basic Concepts of Systems Theory and Cybernetics Family Therapy or Relationship Therapy? Summary Chapter 2: The Historical Perspective Planting the Seeds: The 1940s Cybernetics Development of Interdisciplinary Approaches Gregory Bateson Putting Down Roots: The 1950s Bateson (Continued) The Double-Bind Hypothesis Nathan Ackerman Murray Bowen Carl Whitaker Theodore Lidz Lyman Wynne Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy John Elderkin Bell Christian F. Midelfort Overview of the 1950s The Plant Begins to Bud: The 1960s Paradigm Shift The MRI Salvador Minuchin Other Developments Blossom Time: The 1970s Psychodynamic Approaches Natural Systems Theory Experiential Approaches Structural Approaches Strategic Approaches Communication Approaches Behavioral Approaches Gregory Bateson Connecting and Integrating: The 1980s Other Voices The Limits of History Controversy, Conflict, and Beyond: The 1990s The Feminist Critique Family Therapy and Family Medicine Integration and Metaframeworks Managed Care The Twenty-First Century: Continuing Concerns and Emerging Trends Summary Chapter 3: The Paradigmatic Shift of Systems Theory A Cybernetic Epistemology Recursion ...
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...regulated in order to stabilize the banking industry. Part of this effort has been led by the Basel Committee in its creation of its Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision consultative document that was released in December 2011. The committee consisting bankers and regulators from its 27 member countries provides a framework for establishing bank governance. The United States, even though a member of the Basel Committee, had previously resisted implementing this framework, instead favoring its own legislation. However, the Federal Reserve agreed to adopt the Basel rules as means of governing the nation's banks against the objections of large financial institutions who argued that these guidelines are too strict. As of May 2012, the proposal of this agreement has not yet been released by the Federal Reserve. It is hoped that the endorsement from the United States of the new requirements under Basel III will work to encourage the European Union to follow suit. Banking Supervision Unlike many of the other countries that follow the Basel framework and have only one bank regulator, the United States banking system is governed by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve consists of several different entities that include the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Office of Thrift Supervision or any one of 50 state regulatory bodies. Within the actual Federal Reserve Board, there are an additional 12 districts with 12 different...
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...1 Introduction Banking is an important institution in the economy and plays a very important role in the economic life and economic growth of any society. While it is of common understanding that banking is not “The Economy”, it is agreed that the health of the country’s economy is closely related to the soundness of its banking system which can be sustained through strict regulations and supervision in order to monitor and control business risks such as Capital Risks, Liquidity Risks, Credit Risks, Exchange Risks, Operational Risks, Market Risks and Legal Risks. Bank regulations and bank supervision are required to facilitate a ‘Systematic Risk Reduction’ approach thus reducing the risk of adverse trading conditions and to ensure that Financial Institutions satisfy at least the minimum ‘Prudential’ requirements in order to reduce the risk factor that creditors are exposed to. Lack in regulations and slack in supervision may lead to Financial Institutions risking bankruptcy thus exposing their clients of potentially losing their investments and financial assets while distressing the country’s economy. 2 What is the actual function of a bank within an economy? Banks' traditional role is primarily that of an intermediary for money, i.e. granting loans, processing payments, accepting deposits, carrying out investments, etc... Although banks do not create new wealth, through borrowing, lending and related activities they facilitate...
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...Administration and Supervision of Industrial Education Institutions 1. Discuss scholarly the role of and concerns of school administration in response to education for all. The 1987 Constitution guarantees the right to education of every Filipino. It provided that, “The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make education accessible to all.” As it is a mandate, it is also a challenge to the present and future school administrators in implementing the right of every Filipino citizen along with the movement led by UNESCO “Education for all”. What is the role of school administration in response to education for all? School administration plays a very important and vital role in the realization of education for all. School administration is a system that oversee the daily operations of school, colleges, universities or centers. Different systems are run by different administrators. Behind every school is a team of administrators that oversee everything, from curriculum development to budget and school discipline. In response to education for all, the role of school administration is to ensure that the educational system is tailor-made and modified to cater to the needs of individual children. As per UNESCO, Education for All Goals Goal 1 Expanding and improving comprehensive early childhood care and education, especially for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged children. ...
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