...The Holocaust The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." Adolf Hitler and the German Nazis were responsible for the innocent people who had died during this tragic time. The Nazis set up giant prisons called concentration camps, where prisoners were starved, tortured, and worked to death. Approximately nine million Jews lived in the twenty-one countries. It is impossible to know the real amount of people who died, but six million is a estimate. The Jews were not a threat, they were people who lived in a society where they were alone, hurt, and died brutally in the Holocaust, for no reason....
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...creating a Zemstva also created municipal councils called dumas in towns and cities. Also people had the right to vote if they paid taxes showing that they got some political representation even though it was at a local level and the best representation came through trade unions. Under Nicholas II, the October Manifesto saw the granting of a State Legislative Duma- where they could make laws. This was significant in improving the political status as they now had some say in central government. | From the political point of view the tsars could have failed in improving the lives of peasants. Under Alex II, they were only 0.75% of the country’s populations. Under Alex III, there were now penalties for strikes (1886- 2-4 months in prison and 4-8 for ringleaders). Trade unions were made illegal in 1874. Under Nicholas II, The 1905 Revolution was met...
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...the Russian Revolution There were many consequences of the Russian Revolution. The first and most important consequence, since it leads to all other consequences, was the abdication of Nicholas II. After three hundred years of Romanov dynasty, the Tsar finally came to an end. After his abdication, many arguments took place on whether Russia should back out of the war or not and who should take the Monarchs place. The Monarchy was replaced by the liberals in the Duma, “they were faced with a republic after all”. (1) The provisional government lead by Alexander Kerensky, decided to carry on fighting in World War One, regrettably to “preserve Russia’s honor” (2). The decision to remain in WW1 was proven to be futile, it cost him both the support of civilians and soldiers. WW1 was the main cause of the revolution in the first place; the public of Russia felt no hope and protests carried on. Conditions worsened and throughout 1917 there was constant procrastination. Russia’s situation after the Tsar had abdicated went from bad to worse. Lenin is an important consequence as he transformed Russia into a communist country. Lenin spent his time from 1900 to 1917 abroad; he had previously been threatened by the Monarchy and thought it was in his best interests to leave Russia. When the provisional government formed, after the abdication of Nicholas II, Lenin saw the opportunity for the Bolsheviks to seize power (the Bolsheviks were a political faction that believed in...
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...Part 1 - Weimar Germany 1918-1929 1) The Treaty of Versailles ▪ Kaiser abdicates November 9th 1918, Armistice (cease-fire) signed November 11th ▪ Treaty of Versailles signed June 1919 ▪ It is a DIKTAT – something forced on to Germany. Allies say that they will carry on the war if Germans do not sign. ▪ For many Germans the defeat in WW1, national humiliation, the Treaty of Versailles, the Weimar constitution & democracy are all linked – helps explain why democracy is weak in Germany ▪ Terms of the Treaty – ▪ Germany has to pay REPARATIONS (fixed in 1921 as £6600 million) ▪ Germany loses all its COLONIES (overseas parts of their empire) ▪ German army limited to 100,000 men with no air force & a small navy with only 6 battleships and no submarines ▪ 13% of Germany is now transferred to neighbouring countries as the map is redrawn ▪ Germany loses land to France (Alsace-Lorraine), Belgium, Poland (Posen & West Prussia) & Denmark ▪ 15% of German coal mines are lost in map changes ▪ Many Germans blame the defeat in the war on “the stab in the back” (DOLCHSTOSS) – i.e. the Socialists / Communists / Jews betrayed Germany & the army was never defeated. This myth makes it harder to accept the Treaty ▪ Treaty weakened democracy in Germany and the German economy ▪ Friedrich Ebert appointed Chancellor in October 1918 2) The Weimar Constitution ▪ A National Assembly was elected to write this new constitution ▪ It met in Weimar because Berlin was...
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...Germany. Her parents Otto Frank, a post WW1 veteran and successful business man, and Edith...
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...life: a hatred for Jews and Marxists. Hitler was well placed to be influenced by the demagogy of Karl Lueger, Vienna’s deeply anti-Semitic mayor. Hitler moved to Munich in 1913 and avoided Austrian military service in early 1914 by virtue of being unfit. However, when the First World War broke out in 1914 he joined the 16th Bavarian Infantry Regiment, serving throughout the war. He proved to be an able and brave soldier as a dispatch runner, winning the Iron Cross on two occasions. He was also wounded twice, and four weeks before the war ended suffered a gas attack which temporarily blinded and put him in the hospital. He found out about Germany serenading which he thought was betrayal. He especially hated the Treaty of Versailles. After WW1 Hitler became convinced he was destined to save Germany. In 1919, working for an army unit, he was assigned to spy on a political party of roughly 40 idealists called the German Workers Party. Instead he joined it, swiftly rose to a position of dominance. He gave the party the Swastika as a symbol and organized a...
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...Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889; though Austrian by birth, Hitler became the leader of the German Nazi Party. Hitler was ruler of the party from August 2, 1934 to April 30,1945. Hitler served in the Bavarian Army, a part of the German military, during WW1. Rising through the ranks, Hitler was awarded the Iron Cross First Class. Hitler was wounded and blinded for a temporary amount of time by a British gas attack. In 1919, Hitler became part of the German Worker's Party, dubbed later as the Nazi Party, soon becoming one of it's leaders. In 1923, he tried an overthrow in Munich to seize power in Bavaria, a step necessary to the control of Germany. The revolt was terminated quickly; sending Hitler to prison for nine months. Hitler used his trial to gain national political notoriety and used his time in prison to write his memoir, Mein Kampf. The sales of the book/memoir made him a very wealthy man, though he hid that fact from the German people. After being released, Hitler restructured the Nazi Party, making it a new political force. By June of 1932, it had grown to being the biggest political party in German Parliament, the Reichstag. Though Hitler lost the 1932 presidential election to war hero Field Marshal Paul Von Hindenburg, he was able to use the power of the Nazi Party and its popularity among conservative voters to negotiate an appointment for himself as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. His ideas of antisemitism, anti-communism and a purity-of-the-Germanic-race...
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...responded by killing hundreds of their own people. Since the government did not do anything and just fought back, a revolution soon occurred. The Russian Revolution made many changes to society. Before the war, the Tsar family ruled the Soviet Union for 300 years. They over worked people and enjoyed everything someone could want while everyone else in Russia suffered from starvation, or exhaustion. A lot of the peasants were serfs. Serfs are pretty much slaves but they are the countries own people. Thirty thousand serfs died because they were over worked. Everybody in the Soviet Union was overworked. This got to a point when people started to protest. They destroyed all the symbols of things honoring the Tsar family and broke into prisons and led out all the prisoners. This made Nicholas Tsar the third...
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...History Exam Notes WW1: Causes and Start of War (4): Industrialism: * As European countries increased production by using machines, they needed to sell these goods outside there own countries because there were now able to produce more then their own people could consume * The economic competition led the European people to look for colonies Imperialism: * The desire to control colonies around the world * Colonies were important to Europe because they provided natural resources and markets for export * Main two areas of the world Europeans competed for colonies were Africa and the Middle East Nationalism: * Belief that your country is the best and deserves more then other countries * Natural extension of the economic competition created by imperialism and industrialism * People in each country were willing to go to war to prove that there country was superior Militarism: * Increase in a countries armed forces to intimidate its rivals Unification of Italy and Germany: * Several short war’s fought * Never existed before 1870s as unified states * Italy unified by Kingdom of Piedmont, Germany unified by Kingdom of Prussia * Happened during industrial revolution Germany and France Rivalry: * Unification of Italy and Germany created a rivalry between Germany and France * In wars France was defeated and became Germany What is a dreadnought? - A ship that impressed people and was used in...
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...Phase C 1929-1933: With the Wall St. Crash and the Great Depression, the WR comes ‘crashing’ down! Of course, during each phase, the Nazis were experiencing their own political rollercoaster ride. Broadly speaking, whenever the WR was enjoying success, the Nazis were not, and vice versa. More about that later. What was the Weimar Republic and why was it set up? A lot of students struggle to get to grips with this, but it’s really very simple! The Weimar Republic is the name of a new government that was set up in 1918 to rule Germany. Before 1918, Germany had been a monarchy. The ruling monarch was the Kaiser - Kaiser Wilhelm II. In 1918, there was a revolution in Germany, and the Kaiser abdicated. It was Germany’s defeat in WW1 which pushed the...
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...Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com MODERN HISTORY Topics World War One Germany Albert Speer The Cold War 1 Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com World War One Themes War on the Western Front Home Fronts in Britain and Germany Turning Points of the War The Allied Victory 2 Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com War on the Western Front Reasons for the development of the Stalemate A stalemate is an end of a war movement. It refers to the deadlock resulting from high levels of defence. The stalemate developed from four major reasons: i. The Faults of the Schlieffen Plan ii. The Faults of Plan XVII iii. Problems with Communications and Tactics iv. Problems with the High Command • The Faults in • There was an incredible reliance on speed – quick defeat of the France and a slow response by Russia Schlieffen • Unexpectedly strong resistance by Belgian forces – sabotaged Plan railway lines • Strong resistance from French • Troops were diverted from the West to the Eastern front • The “hammer swing” was shortened, so they approached Paris from the East which was expected • The Treaty of London was disregarded as a scrap of paper • Germans weren’t adequately trained for modern warfare strategies • The Faults in • French underestimated number of soldiers available to Plan XVII Germany • French were preoccupied with revenge for Alsace-Lorraine • Insufficient forces were given to the French...
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...International Security Lecture 1 March 30th, 2015 The politics of security knowledge What is international security? We could start thinking about the security council of the UN But also about the invasion of Afghanistan (chapter 7 UN in order to secure the international security) We can also think about security in terms of the invasion of Iraq in 2003. This was a unilateral act of war, but sure it can also mean other things We can think of the national security agency, the agency in charge of spying all the signals and communications to a certain extent. What’s interesting about the NSA, it is seen as a threat to the security of the privacy. Lately, with the reports of the UN development programme, we start talking about HUMAN security (not military security, but rather the security of individuals, having a livelihood that’s acceptable). Whether security is international or not, it can be a rather confusing word The protection of values we hold dear. We search for it, we pursue it, we achieve it, we deny it to others. * what is to be secured? Is it the security of states? Or individuals? * What is the actual threat that we’re facing? Primarily to be dealing with military threats, or are there other types of threats we are facing. Essentially contested concept A concept that ‘inevitably’ involves endless disputes about their proper uses on the part of their users – Walter Gallie There can be ambiguity (one persons freedom-fighter is the other’s...
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...10000 quiz questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro 10000 general knowledge questions and answers 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Carl and the Passions changed band name to what How many rings on the Olympic flag What colour is vermilion a shade of King Zog ruled which country What colour is Spock's blood Where in your body is your patella Where can you find London bridge today What spirit is mixed with ginger beer in a Moscow mule Who was the first man in space What would you do with a Yashmak Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans Which animal lays eggs On television what was Flipper Who's band was The Quarrymen Which was the most successful Grand National horse Who starred as the Six Million Dollar Man In the song Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle What is Dick Grayson better known as What was given on the fourth day of Christmas What was Skippy ( on TV ) What does a funambulist do What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog What are bactrians and dromedaries Who played The Fugitive Who was the King of Swing Who was the first man to fly across the channel Who starred as Rocky Balboa In which war was the charge of the Light Brigade Who invented the television Who would use a mashie niblick In the song who killed Cock Robin What do deciduous...
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...Business Quiz DHL Baseline/Tagline/AdLineof Company/Brands WE make importing Smooth Doordarshan Satyam Sivam Sundaram Electrolux India Makes life a little easier Energizer Keep going ESSAR Steel 24 carat steel Fed-Ex The World On Time Ford Mondeo Redefined Aggression Ford Motors Built for the road ahead Godrej locks PEACE OF MIND.GUARANTEED Graviera Suitings THE MAN OF SUBSTANCE Gucci Quality is remembered long after the price is forgotten Haier Inspired living Harley-Davidson If you don't have to answer to anyone, what would you do Harrod's retailer, ENTER A DIFFERENT London WORLD Hero Honda CBZ Motorcycling Unplugged Hero Honda Born in a studio, not in a Passion factory Hindustan Times Let there be light Hitachi Inspire the Next Honda The power of dreams Honda DIO FROM INDIA TO THE WORLD.AND TO YOU HSBC World's local bank Hughes Software Think skywards HYUNDAI Play a bigger game ELANTRA Hyundai's new ad Drive your way Jobsahead.com FILL IN YOUR AMBITION Johnnie Walker Keep Walking whiskey Kingfisher airlines Fly the good times Kodak You press the button and we do the rest Lacoste Because what you are LG EXPAND YOUR LIFE LG AC BREATHE HEALTHY Lufthansa There is no better way to 1 Created By: S.Sriram MBA-HR, TAMILNADU srirams@gmx.com Company Accenture Air Deccan Air India Air Sahara Airtel AKAI Allen Solly Allianz Insurance Apple Computers Bajaj Auto Bajaj Pulsar Bajaj spirit Blue Star BluestarAC Bournvita Brooke Bond BSNL BUSINESS STANDARD BUSINESSWORL Magazine of the...
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...HISTORY AND THEORY STUDIES FIRST YEAR Terms 1 and 2 Course Lecturers: CHRISTOPHER PIERCE / BRETT STEELE (Term 1) Course Lecturer: PIER VITTORIO AURELI (Term 2) Course Tutor: MOLLIE CLAYPOOL Teaching Assistants: FABRIZIO BALLABIO SHUMI BOSE POL ESTEVE Course Structure The course runs for 3 hours per week on Tuesday mornings in Terms 1 and 2. There are four parallel seminar sessions. Each seminar session is divided into parts, discussion and submission development. Seminar 10.00-12.00 Mollie Claypool, Fabrizio Ballabio, Shumi Bose and Pol Esteve Lecture 12.00-13.00 Christopher Pierce, Brett Steele and Pier Vittorio Aureli Attendance Attendance is mandatory to both seminars and lectures. We expect students to attend all lectures and seminars. Attendance is tracked to both seminars and lectures and repeated absence has the potential to affect your final mark and the course tutor and undergraduate coordinator will be notified. Marking Marking framework adheres to a High Pass with Distinction, High Pass, Pass, Low Pass, Complete-toPass system. Poor attendance can affect this final mark. Course Materials Readings for each week are provided both online on the course website at aafirstyearhts.wordpress.com and on the course library bookshelf. Students are expected to read each assigned reading every week to be discussed in seminar. The password to access the course readings is “readings”. TERM 1: CANONICAL BUILDINGS, PROJECTS, TEXTS In this first term of...
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