...aggravated robbery, which includes the use of or seemingly the use of a deadly weapon and highway robbery, which can take place outside in an opened area such as a road, recreational area or parking lot. Armed robbery is defined as “… someone taking another person’s property at gun point or with the use of intent of a weapon” (Haney, 2001). The current information provided is being shared in order to give a better understanding about the harshness of the criminal act of armed robbery and why there is a recommendation to change the current prison term policy. The complied information will give explanation for the preface of a bill that would double the highest prison term for armed robbery. With regards to the decision to support the bill, it is important to examine the current gaps as it relates to prison sentencing inside the judicial system. Prison sentencing within our justice system is broken down in gaps, as the verdict is a result of the crime presented. The variations of prison sentencing are portrayed if, for example, the offender is sentenced to five years for armed robbery, and another receives ten years for the same offense....
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Feb. 2, 2015 CJA/314 Armed robbery is a severe and possibly grave criminal action that occurs way too much in the American society. In 2013 the FBI recorded 171,267 different occurrences of armed robbery within the United States across all the different reporting agencies. Although this number may seem high it is actually down from the previous year of 2012 which had a recorded 177,682 occurrences. Stemming from these numbers lawmakers are considering the possibility of increasing the time offenders are sentenced to when convicted of armed robbery. Some of the possible goals lawmakers expect to achieve from the passing of this bill include deterrence with the possibility of spending more time in jail and by keeping those already serving their time behind bars for an additional amount of time. By keeping those already convicted and serving time longer can ensure the aspect of them not considering doing the same crime once they are released. Acting as a deterrent the bill would act as a common sense prevention of even considering the thought of the criminal act. The simplest act that the bill can help ensure is by making every individual think of the consequences of their actions before they do something. The lawmakers know that there are going to be those that do not think before they do something and they plan to make these individuals the example of what can be expected when a person is convicted of this crime. As a criminologist...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Priscilla Williams CJA/314 September 3, 2013 Robert Williams Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal I have been hired as a criminologist advisor to one of the state legislature. The state legislature will soon vote on a bill that, if it passes will double the maximum prison term for anyone convicted of armed robbery. This bill is very important and needs to be examined to see if it would be a solution to decrease arm robberies. The reason I am writing this proposal is to point out different solutions that might be very beneficial. I am examining the new bill to see if the changes are necessary and beneficial. Army Robbery is a very serious crime and seems to be on the rise since the country has been in recession. Robbery is a crime of theft and can be classified as Larceny by force or by threat of force. The elements of the crime of robbery include the use of force or intimidation and all the elements of the crime of larceny. The penalty for robbery is always more severe than for larceny (Dictionary). Victims of armed robberies want nothing more than to see justice served and to feel safe. When an individual is robbed, it hurts financially, mentally, and sometimes physically. The US government also pays a very high price due to robbery. Although crime seems to be declining, the US government incurs heavy cost attributed to armed robbery crime. According to the 2013 FBI Uniform Crime Report, an estimate of $456 million in...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendations Proposal CJA/314 July 20, 2015 Prison Term Policy Recommendations Proposal Robbery is a serious crime in the big cities in the United States. Nearly 500,000 thousand robberies are reported to law enforcers’ at the rate of one per minute. It is a crime of theft or larceny by taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person of persons by force or threat of focus or by putting the victim in fear. Robberies can occur almost anywhere at any time and it can be carried out by a friend, relative, or total stranger. “When a deadly weapon, such as a gun, knife, or any cutting instrument, is used or the victim suffer injury, the robbery may be charged as “armed” or “aggravated”. Unlike burglary, the crime of robbery almost always requires the presence of a victim who suffers actual injury, or is threatened with harm” (Robbery Overview, 2015). Using a dangerous weapon constitutes an aggravated factor, which makes the crime more serious than just simple robbery. However, “armed robbery is one of the most serious offenses that anyone can be charged with, and carries some of the stiffest penalties under law. By definition, if you steal someone’s property by intimidating them with the presence of a weapon, even if you only pretend to have one, you have committed armed robbery. It is the thought that you have a weapon or the actual presence of the weapon that distinguishes this crime from simple theft”...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Tiffany Gaines CJA/314 April 16, 2013 Jeff Codner Hi my name is Tiffany Gaines. I am a criminologist advisor member of the state legislature. I have been asked by my boss to provide a prison term policy recommendation on armed robbery. The legislature will vote soon vote on a bill, if the bill passes the maximum prison term for any individual convicted of armed robbery will double. My boss has no doubt in his mind that this bill is popular, but he doubts whether or not a bill like this if passed will do any good. I will consider policy making as it relates to armed robbery, make recommendations, state reasons for my recommendations, state whether the bill is good or bad, and I will also state is this bill effective. Let me first start off my explaining what armed robbery is and that if a person commits armed robbery that person deserves to be punished. Armed-robbery (n.d.), according to the Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, is a violent crime where the individual is armed with a harmful weapon and takes property from another individual that does not belong to them. Armed robbery is a very serious and violent crime and it could led to murder if the robbery does not obtain whatever he/she is trying to obtain from the victim. The objective and goal of the bill is passed is to prevent individuals from committing such crime as armed robbery, increasing their punishment, and doubling the maximum prison term that he/she will receive if convicted...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Melody Kibbe Criminology 314 April 7, 2013 Corry Powers Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Considering policy making as it relates to the criminal offenses, will allow the state legislatures security in knowing that citizens will be safe by putting this new bill into place. This bill will also give law enforcement officials power to arrest convicted armed robbery individuals and placing them behind bars. By explaining with a brief description of recommendations that would be made, reasoning’s behind my recommendations, informing individuals whether the bill is good or bad, and also confirm the bill is effective. Recommendations that I would make to the state legislatures about putting this bill into place would be to emphasize the importance of the citizen’s safety in the community. Give data, statistics and information to the state legislatures on the most recent figures of armed robbery cases that have happened in the past, present and future within the community. By giving the state legislatures office current information on the armed robbery activities that are taking place as we speak in our community and how it is harming our community’s economical stature. The reasoning behind my recommendations for the bill would be to secure our community’s safety, the future of our children’s lives, and keeping the crime rates of all nature to a low standard rate. By passing this bill in the state legislatures office, allows...
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...Gary K. Bradley Jr. University of Phoenix Instructor: Jacqueline Waltman Prison Term Recommendation Proposal CJA/314 5/3/2015 My name is Gary K. Bradley Jr., I am a criminologist hired by the state to examine the potential bill that will double the length in prison for those who commit armed robbery. During my examine I will look at all potential effect the bill will have on the prison, I will also look at the current maximum prison sentence for armed robbery and compare the effect on the prison system. I will also provide recommendation as to whether or not this bill will benefit all parties involved. The state legislature will soon be voting on a bill that if passed, will double the maximum prison sentence for those who are convicted of arm robbery. The reason for this proposal is to help create different solution that may be more beneficial to all parties affected by the bill, the state, prison system, and tax payers. The bill is currently popular among those in the state legislature, though there are some who oppose it. For that reason and examination of the bill was requested. I have decided to examine all new possibilities the new bill may bring, and if there is even any need to fix a policy that is not broken to begin with. Armed robbery id defined by the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) “and aggravated form of robbery in which the assailant is armed with a dangerous weapon. In other word taking property from someone with the use of force with a dangerous...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Throughout criminal justice, laws have been modified for the purpose of ensuring the protection of the citizens of the United States of America. A person who commits a crime will receive punishment and will be prosecuted under the court of law. Prison policies have been written to assist the court in sentences according to a specific crime. The policies are usually to keep criminals in prison, and to deter further criminal activities. Those convicted of a crime may face a longer sentence than a person who is currently serving time for the same crime because of the changes to prison policies. Therefore, the prison policy of convicted armed robbery is under review and must be voted on, which voting for bill to pass can sometimes have mix reviews. Robbery occurs when property from a person, place, or bank is taken by force. Armed robbery is using a type of weapon to take possession of something, which results as more of a serious crime than robbery. According to "Armed Robbery Charges" (2010), “Armed robbery is the taking of said property, but with the use of a firearm or other taking of said property, but with the use of a firearm or other weapon. Just by including a weapon in a particular robbery crime, a robbery can be viewed with a lot more seriousness” (Para. 2). Even if the person who committed the robbery mentions a weapon or uses a fake weapon can still be charged as committing armed robbery, and the crime is considered...
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...Parole reduced jail overcrowding, as well as offering to rehabilitate prisoners by encouraging them to earn their way out of prison through good behavior. Parole involves the supervision of a criminal after serving all or part of jail term, the convict is allowed to live in the community under supervision, the parole period is dependent on the decisions made by the board of parole, violation of parole will result into re-imprisonment of the convict. A prisoner’s parole is based on many factors including time served, good behavior or recommendations from prison staff or the parole board. Many prisoners may be give early parole for lesser crimes because of prison overcrowding. A prisoner may also be denied for parole if a family of a person who was hurt or killed comes forth with a convincing plea as to why the prisoner should not be released. In North Carolina, the goals for Truth in Sentencing are as follows: • Classify criminal offenses into felony and misdemeanor categories on the basis of their severity; • Recommend structures for use by a sentencing court in determining the most appropriate sentence to be imposed in a criminal case; • Develop a correctional population simulation model; • Recommend a comprehensive community corrections strategy and organizational structure for the State; and, • Study and make additional policy recommendations. A number of states also have adopted varying types of truth-in-sentencing legislation in recent years. These have been developed...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Crime is something the public and criminal justice system has and always will have to deal with. The hardest part about the criminal justice system is determining sentences for the criminals and the crimes they have committed. The purpose of sentencing is to make the punishment harsh enough so the criminals will want to steer away from ever repeating the crime they committed (University of Phoenix, 2012). Sometime this can be hard because the criminals have rights to as well as needing rehabilitation. The following paragraphs will contain a discussion on a certain bill that is trying to be passed, something that occurs on a regular basis in the United States. If the legislature were to pass a bill that allows the maximum prison term to be doubled for armed robbery they would be making a mistake. Yes, armed robbery is a serious crime and would also be an attempt to hurt or murder someone, however doubling the maximum prison term would not be worth the other problems it would cause. There are already overcrowding issues in most of the states in the US especially states like California. There are criminals out there committing more serious crimes that should be punished more harshly. I see nothing wrong with increasing the prison term but not doubling it. I understand the bill is to double the maximum term but if the term were to double the maximum term, this could be 30 years in some states like California ("Maximum...
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...Assignment 2: Treatment of Mentally Ill Prisoners 1.0 The Treatment of Mentally Ill Prisoners The treatment of mentally ill inmates has been not only a public concern, but has also been identified by Canada’s Correctional Investigator, Howard Sapers as an issue of concern in his 2014 report to parliament. Between 1997 and 2007, offenders entering the prison system with a mental disorder grew 71% in men and 61% in women (Canadian Mental Health Association, 2012). The problem at hand is that correctional institutes and their staff are not widely trained to deal with inmates who suffer from mental disorders. The result then, is that use-of-force interventions, and placement in solitary confinement, often for extended periods of time, are used as methods of dealing with unruly behaviours exhibited by these mentally ill offenders. While there are various issues surrounding mental health in the Canadian judicial system, for the purpose of this report, the discussion will be focused around inadequate methods for dealing with behaviours presented by these inmates, namely by use-of-force and solitary confinement 1.1 Use-Of-Force Techniques In Sapers 2014 report, it is reported that “28% of all use of force interventions involved an offender with a mental health concern as identified by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC)” (Ministry of Public Safety, 2014). This is likely due to the fact that mentally ill inmates are more likely to self-harm, have unpredictable behaviour...
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...CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal justice assessment toolkit 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations, the Secretariat and Institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Belgian 2006 OSCE Chairmanship concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE ..................................................................................... 1 2. OVERVIEW: GENERAL AND STATISTICAL DATA ......................................................... 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY AND PRISON SYSTEM.............................................. 5 PRISON POPULATION ........................................................................................... 6 PROFILE OF PRISON POPULATION..................................................................... 6 QUALITY OF DATA ......................................
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...Prison and Jails Anthony Youmans CJA/204 Lexie Williams May 22, 2013 Prisons and Jails The American Judicial System has multiple types of facilities to house those convicted. Those facilities are known as federal prisons, state prisons, privately run prisons, and county jails. The main argument that plagues society today is private prisons. In this paper, one will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of private prisons and will also explain the conflict between safeguarding a prisoner’s constitutionally projected rights and the state’s authority to abridge those rights to protect its own interests and citizens interests. The most controversial argument in our society today concerning prisons is that of private versus state. “A private prison is defined as a correctional institute operated by a private firm on behalf of a local or state government” (Pearson-Prentice Hall, 2009). One advantage for privatization of prisons is private companies offer correctional facility designs are efficient to operate and are based on cost-benefit considerations. Also private prisons can mobilize quickly and specialize in facility missions. Private prisons helps the government reduce its liability exposure by contracting with private correctional companies. A disadvantage of privatization of prisons is that some private operators may be inexperienced and this could cause a problem within the management of the prison. Also the procurement process of having a private prison is slow, inefficient...
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...OVER – REPRESENTATIO OF INDEGINEOUS PEOPLE IN AUSTRALIA. AYOM MAAN STUDENT 8403295: SUBJECTS: JSB 371 INTRODUCTION Over –representation of Indigenous people in the criminal justice system is well established. Although the extent of the over-representation is the subject of some disagreement and varies between communities and data (Ghys 1994: 132-137). the issue of Indigenous over-representation is not always at the forefront of public debate. It often takes high profile inquires, or tragic incidents to put the issue on the front pages of newspapers One document that highlights the high rates of over-representation is The Royal commission into Aboriginal death in custody, which was established in October 1987. This inquiry was mainly established to investigate the death of ninety-nine Indigenous people who died in custody over a period of nearly ten years. Despite the fact that, the issue of Indigenous over-representation is not an issue that occupies the minds of most people in Australia on a regular basis, it is a phenomenon which continues to have devastating effects on Indigenous people nation-wide, especially those who resided in rural areas. Reference: National report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Death in custody vol.2 (p.3): History and Legislation Indigenous communities in Australia had and continue to have very different cultural notions in relation to childhood and young Aboriginal people in the past. Generally there is no the same separation or exclusion...
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...-Corrections is a booming business prisons + crime = profitable industry we have an Increasing number of people under correctional supervision 6 million people under the correctional system by the end of the century - Tough on Crime Political Stance popular public policy 20 million victimizations in 2009 repeat violent felons off of the streets treat minors as adults create mandatory sentencing laws reduce time-off-for-good-behavior - Shift in Public Opinion 4.3 million violent crimes 33 million personal theft crimes - 7.2 million 3% (1 in 33) of adults in the U.S. are under some sort of correctional supervision -Probation (community sentence) and parole are NOT the same thing -1.3% average annual increase from 2000 to 2009 But declined 1.3% in 2010 to 2009 “has the correctional population supervision increased or decreased from 2000 to 2009?” Answer: INCREASED - the majority of people in the corrections system are on PROBATION - Percentage breakdowns for types of offences: 9% Public Disorder (35% federal) DUI, indecent exposure, drunken disorderly, prostitution, etc. 18% Drug Offence (51% federal) 19% Property Offense (less than 10% federal) 53% Violent Offenses (less than 10% federal) - Regions highest to lowest South West Midwest Fed? North East - Top 5 States Federal Texas California Florida New York Notes From Ch. 1 in Textbook- - Penology the study of the use of punishment for criminal acts - Penitentiary typically used...
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