...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Priscilla Williams CJA/314 September 3, 2013 Robert Williams Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal I have been hired as a criminologist advisor to one of the state legislature. The state legislature will soon vote on a bill that, if it passes will double the maximum prison term for anyone convicted of armed robbery. This bill is very important and needs to be examined to see if it would be a solution to decrease arm robberies. The reason I am writing this proposal is to point out different solutions that might be very beneficial. I am examining the new bill to see if the changes are necessary and beneficial. Army Robbery is a very serious crime and seems to be on the rise since the country has been in recession. Robbery is a crime of theft and can be classified as Larceny by force or by threat of force. The elements of the crime of robbery include the use of force or intimidation and all the elements of the crime of larceny. The penalty for robbery is always more severe than for larceny (Dictionary). Victims of armed robberies want nothing more than to see justice served and to feel safe. When an individual is robbed, it hurts financially, mentally, and sometimes physically. The US government also pays a very high price due to robbery. Although crime seems to be declining, the US government incurs heavy cost attributed to armed robbery crime. According to the 2013 FBI Uniform Crime Report, an estimate of $456 million in...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Melody Kibbe Criminology 314 April 7, 2013 Corry Powers Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Considering policy making as it relates to the criminal offenses, will allow the state legislatures security in knowing that citizens will be safe by putting this new bill into place. This bill will also give law enforcement officials power to arrest convicted armed robbery individuals and placing them behind bars. By explaining with a brief description of recommendations that would be made, reasoning’s behind my recommendations, informing individuals whether the bill is good or bad, and also confirm the bill is effective. Recommendations that I would make to the state legislatures about putting this bill into place would be to emphasize the importance of the citizen’s safety in the community. Give data, statistics and information to the state legislatures on the most recent figures of armed robbery cases that have happened in the past, present and future within the community. By giving the state legislatures office current information on the armed robbery activities that are taking place as we speak in our community and how it is harming our community’s economical stature. The reasoning behind my recommendations for the bill would be to secure our community’s safety, the future of our children’s lives, and keeping the crime rates of all nature to a low standard rate. By passing this bill in the state legislatures office, allows...
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...Gary K. Bradley Jr. University of Phoenix Instructor: Jacqueline Waltman Prison Term Recommendation Proposal CJA/314 5/3/2015 My name is Gary K. Bradley Jr., I am a criminologist hired by the state to examine the potential bill that will double the length in prison for those who commit armed robbery. During my examine I will look at all potential effect the bill will have on the prison, I will also look at the current maximum prison sentence for armed robbery and compare the effect on the prison system. I will also provide recommendation as to whether or not this bill will benefit all parties involved. The state legislature will soon be voting on a bill that if passed, will double the maximum prison sentence for those who are convicted of arm robbery. The reason for this proposal is to help create different solution that may be more beneficial to all parties affected by the bill, the state, prison system, and tax payers. The bill is currently popular among those in the state legislature, though there are some who oppose it. For that reason and examination of the bill was requested. I have decided to examine all new possibilities the new bill may bring, and if there is even any need to fix a policy that is not broken to begin with. Armed robbery id defined by the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) “and aggravated form of robbery in which the assailant is armed with a dangerous weapon. In other word taking property from someone with the use of force with a dangerous...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Throughout criminal justice, laws have been modified for the purpose of ensuring the protection of the citizens of the United States of America. A person who commits a crime will receive punishment and will be prosecuted under the court of law. Prison policies have been written to assist the court in sentences according to a specific crime. The policies are usually to keep criminals in prison, and to deter further criminal activities. Those convicted of a crime may face a longer sentence than a person who is currently serving time for the same crime because of the changes to prison policies. Therefore, the prison policy of convicted armed robbery is under review and must be voted on, which voting for bill to pass can sometimes have mix reviews. Robbery occurs when property from a person, place, or bank is taken by force. Armed robbery is using a type of weapon to take possession of something, which results as more of a serious crime than robbery. According to "Armed Robbery Charges" (2010), “Armed robbery is the taking of said property, but with the use of a firearm or other taking of said property, but with the use of a firearm or other weapon. Just by including a weapon in a particular robbery crime, a robbery can be viewed with a lot more seriousness” (Para. 2). Even if the person who committed the robbery mentions a weapon or uses a fake weapon can still be charged as committing armed robbery, and the crime is considered...
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...selecting Proposal 2's client/server model for APEX Services Inc.'s (ASI) client case management software. The proposed system is best suited for achieving competitive advantage via an agile information systems architecture. Before implementing the selected proposal, feasibility analysis should be performed, and detailed system design documents and implementation plans need to be developed. Post-system review should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the new system at enabling ASI's goals. B. CURRENT SITUATION APEX Services Inc. is a business in the midst of change. Your company has succeeded in managing 29 group homes, but is now expanding into a new market, with plans for rapid growth in the prison management sector. The recommendations I make will be both to meet the company's information system needs in both the short term, and the long term. The long term goal of ASI is to gain a competitive advantage over business rivals, and thereby grow market share and profitability. For ASI, the way to achieve that goal is to develop agile information systems that can rapidly adapt to novel operating environments, as well as fluidly scale to meet the needs of additional contracts. Each managed site will have unique requirements, and ASI's information systems must be able to meet the requirements of each site in a timely, cost-effective fashion. ASI's goals are best served by Proposal 2's client/server model. This model has superior efficiency compared to Proposal 1's...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Crime is something the public and criminal justice system has and always will have to deal with. The hardest part about the criminal justice system is determining sentences for the criminals and the crimes they have committed. The purpose of sentencing is to make the punishment harsh enough so the criminals will want to steer away from ever repeating the crime they committed (University of Phoenix, 2012). Sometime this can be hard because the criminals have rights to as well as needing rehabilitation. The following paragraphs will contain a discussion on a certain bill that is trying to be passed, something that occurs on a regular basis in the United States. If the legislature were to pass a bill that allows the maximum prison term to be doubled for armed robbery they would be making a mistake. Yes, armed robbery is a serious crime and would also be an attempt to hurt or murder someone, however doubling the maximum prison term would not be worth the other problems it would cause. There are already overcrowding issues in most of the states in the US especially states like California. There are criminals out there committing more serious crimes that should be punished more harshly. I see nothing wrong with increasing the prison term but not doubling it. I understand the bill is to double the maximum term but if the term were to double the maximum term, this could be 30 years in some states like California ("Maximum...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal Feb. 2, 2015 CJA/314 Armed robbery is a severe and possibly grave criminal action that occurs way too much in the American society. In 2013 the FBI recorded 171,267 different occurrences of armed robbery within the United States across all the different reporting agencies. Although this number may seem high it is actually down from the previous year of 2012 which had a recorded 177,682 occurrences. Stemming from these numbers lawmakers are considering the possibility of increasing the time offenders are sentenced to when convicted of armed robbery. Some of the possible goals lawmakers expect to achieve from the passing of this bill include deterrence with the possibility of spending more time in jail and by keeping those already serving their time behind bars for an additional amount of time. By keeping those already convicted and serving time longer can ensure the aspect of them not considering doing the same crime once they are released. Acting as a deterrent the bill would act as a common sense prevention of even considering the thought of the criminal act. The simplest act that the bill can help ensure is by making every individual think of the consequences of their actions before they do something. The lawmakers know that there are going to be those that do not think before they do something and they plan to make these individuals the example of what can be expected when a person is convicted of this crime. As a criminologist...
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...variety of research on prisoners—a captive, vulnerable, and easily accessible population.1,2 During that time, approximately 90% of all pharmaceutical research was conducted on prisoners, who also were subjected to biochemical research ranging from testing diet drinks and simple detergents to studies involving dioxin and chemical warfare agents.3 From 1962 to 1966, for example, 33 pharmaceutical companies tested 153 experimental drugs at Holmesburg Prison in Philadelphia, including a Retin-A (tretinoin) study in which researchers did not seek informed consent and prisoners were not adequately treated for pain.4 By the mid-1970s, biomedical research in prisons sharply declined as knowledge of the exploitation of prisoners began to emerge and the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was formed.5 Federal regulations to protect human subjects of research were established in 1974 and modified and codified in 1981.6 The regulations were revised in 1991 as the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human...
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...The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Lake County, California, Arrest Policies Project: A Process Evaluation Author(s): Brenda K. Uekert Ph.D. Document No.: 201874 Date Received: September 2003 Award Number: 98-WE-VX-0012 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federallyfunded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Institute for Law and Justice 1018 Duke Street Alexandria, Virginia Phone: 703-684-5300 Fax: 703-739-5533 E-Mail: ilj@ilj.org Lake County, California, Arrest Policies Project A Process Evaluation April 5, 2000 Prepared by Brenda K. Uekert, Ph.D. Prepared for Lake County, California National Institute of Justice Violence Against Women Office Introduction The Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies Program encourages jurisdictions to implement mandatory or pro-arrest policies as an effective domestic violence intervention that is part of a coordinated community response. Congress appropriated funds for the Arrest Program under the Violence Against Women Act (1994). The Program assumes that the arrest of a...
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...1 Prison Term Policy and Recommendation Proposal By: Kara Easler CJA/314 JACQUELINE WALTMAN October 20th, 2014 Well armed robbery is where someone takes money from someone using a weapon to get it. The sentencing for armed robbery depends on your age and if you are a repeat offender. Lets say if you are 15 you can be held in a juvenile detention center until you are 21yrs of age. It also has to do with the severity of the crime that the person commits. Around the age of 16-18 they can be charged as adults because they are old enough to understand the consequences of their actions. The jail time for these offenders can be from a couple of months to ten years, depending to the severity of the crime and of their age as well. I believe that armed robbery has dropped in the criminal world, due to the fact that stores and places have camera's that see everything. There are alarms that alert people when something isn't right and they can take care of it and it will scare people off and that usually stops them from finishing the job. The objective of the bill is to make sure the offender pays for the crimes that they committed. It makes sure that they serve the time they are responsible for, without getting released early from jail. They hope doing so will show the offender that they mean business and that they hope they will not do it again. The goals of this bill is to teach offenders a lesson...
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...of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP), the Defense Acquisitions Regulations (DAR) Council, and the Civilian Agency Acquisition (CAA) Council determine federal procurement policies by its legislative action and recommendations. Those are then published in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). The FAR is issued jointly by the Department of Defense (DOD), the General Services Administration (GSA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It applies not only to direct purchases made by the government, but also to purchases made by federal grant recipients (Feldman, 2010). The government procurement team is made up of the Contracting Officer (CO), Administrative Contracting Officer (ACO), and Termination Contracting Officer (TCO). The government planning process consists of market research and an internal source search before they proceed with full and open competition which allows all responsible sources to submit either a sealed bid or competitive proposal on the procurement. The market research consists of availability and quantities of items, and reasonable prices. Internal sources include existing inventory, excess from other agencies, and federal prisons (Feldman, 2010). Feldman (2010) states that sealed bidding and competitive negotiation are the government’s predominant procurement methods. In sealed bidding there is an Invitation for Bid (IFB); in competitive bidding the government generally issues a Request for Proposal (RFP). Price reasonableness...
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...treatment science. The prevention science operates before the commission of the crime, while the treatment science takes place after the occurrence of the crime to emend the criminal and avoid his recidivism. And also suggests the ideal methods of prevention and treatment, therefore it traces the ideal criminal policy. In conclusion we mean by penology nowadays "a substitute which we call "science of struggle against criminality "that means the ideal methods of prevention and treatment as regards criminality ". so we shall explain at first the prevention and after that the treatment whether its method is legislative, judicial or executive. (1) ___________________ (1) Andenaes, Johannes , "The general preventive effects of punishment." University of Pennsylvania Law Review ,U.S.A ,1966, pp: 949-983. - Gibbs, Jack P. ,"Crime, punishment and deterrence." Southwest Social Science Quarterly , 1968 , pp: 515-530. - Green, Donald E., "Past behavior as a measure of actual future behavior: An unresolved issue in perceptual deterrence research." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 1989 , pp: 781-804. B :- Crime Prevention :- B.1- Concepts of Crime Prevention : Terms such as "prevention," "control," and "deterrence" are frequently encountered in the literature of crime. However, their meaning often varies from one text to another. In this respect, penology is like...
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...Mentally Ill in Prison PSCH/610 Mentally Ill in Prison Abstract The increase in incarcerated individuals with mental illness in the preceding decades has made the prison system a prevalent mental health provider even though they are not prepared or equipped for such task. Prison life is tough on an individual’s mental health; overcapacity, lack of privacy, violent behavior, lack of activity, inadequate health services, seclusion from family and friends, and the insecurity of what life holds after prison contribute to the inmate’s mental health. Inmates whose judgment is altered or impaired by depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other severe mental illnesses are impacted more severely by the tribulations of prison life. Inadequate mental health services is also something mentally ill inmates face, this absconds them undertreated or mistreated. Numerous prisoners do not receive proper psychotropic medication due to the lack of mental health services and care, further impairing their capability to function. The security mission of prisons tends to overlook mental health considerations. Prison rules and codes of demeanor teach staff about security, safety, supremacy, and power. Coordinating the needs of the mentally ill with prison regulations and goals is almost impractical. Factors of the sources and effects of the concern between prison and mental illness will be observed in this research proposal. Reforms will be provided to improve mental health...
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...As we see with the case of Howard, the judge considered him eligible for the diversion program in 2014. Prosecutors argued against Howard’s eligibility for diversion, informing the judge that Howard previously requested for drug diversion in 2011 and was rejected. However, Justice McLaughlin ruled against the prosecutor recommendations, arguing that prior prison terms hasn’t helped and believed that diversion was the best method to treat and hopefully rehabilitate Howard (Pang, 2015). After the tragic shooting of Officer Holder from Howard, who had a warrant out for his arrest after failing to show up his monthly residential drug testing, there have been calls of improving the use of assessment tools since the implementation of the 2009 reforms....
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...The Alternative Sentencing Policies and Solutions This comprehensive analysis describes the different possible alternative solutions for women, and juvenile offenders. The Bureau of Justice Grant programs developed incentives for other programs to decrease the overcrowded conditions for most state and federal prisons. These grant programs provided the information and incentives for state governments to expand, build, and adapt closed military bases as extension of the federal penal prison system. This initiative encouraged local and state courts to implement truth-in-sentencing and alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report...
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