...Disinvestment of India’s Public Sector Units L M Bhole, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences The role of the State vs. Market has been one of the major issues in development economics and policy. In a mixed economy such as India, historically the public sector had been assigned an important role. However, in the year 1991 the national economic policy underwent a radical transformation. The new policy of liberalization, privatization and globalization de-emphasized the role of the public sector in the nation’s economy. The faculty at IIT-Bombay has been studying various aspects of the New Economic Policy such as financial sector reforms, fiscal implications of reforms, and of globalization. To date several arguments have been proffered by the apologists of market-oriented economic structures: ▪ the government must not enter into those areas where the private sector can perform better ▪ market-driven economies are more efficient than the state-planned economies ▪ the role of the state should be as a regulator and not as the producer ▪ government resources locked in commercial activities should be released for their deployment in social activities. It is also contended that the functioning of many public sector units (PSUs) has been characterized by low productivity, unsatisfactory quality of goods, excessive manpower utilization, inadequate human resource development and low rate of return on capital. For instance, between 1980 and 2002, the average...
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...Influence of the American healthcare system on Indian health services USA is the world’s largest economy. Its dominance in the sphere of arts, science, technology, culture and medicine is unparalleled today. Given its dominant socio-political and economic status, no country on earth can be said to be beyond the sphere of American influence in almost all aspects of life. While the pervasiveness of such American hegemony is a matter of debate today in many sociological discourses today, for the purpose of this paper, we will concentrate on influence of American healthcare on the healthcare system of India. The American way of life is typified by the example of “rugged individualism,” where each individual works to secure their own interest....
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...global private equity firm that has invested in more than 600 companies and successfully partnered with thousands of entrepreneurs around the world. Financial Services Healthcare LBOs and Special Situations Investment Sectors Industrial Technology, Media and Telecommunications Energy Consumer and Retail Real Estate Warburg Pincus is a global leader in the industry it helped create: Private equity. With more than 40 years of experience, our track record of continuous and successful investing is unmatched by any other private equity firm. Striving to create sustainable value in partnership with superior management teams, we work with companies to formulate strategy, conceptualize and implement creative financing structures, recruit talented executives and draw on best practices from the firm’s portfolio companies. We take a different approach to investing, beginning with a thorough evaluation of macroeconomic and industry fundamentals. Private equity at Warburg Pincus means investing at all stages of a company’s life-cycle: From founding start-ups and fostering growth in developing companies to leading complex recapitalizations or large-scale buyouts of more mature businesses. This growth-oriented philosophy is incorporated across 3 2 2 Our Philosophy each of our investment sectors. At the heart of our approach is an emphasis on building businesses that withstand the toughest test: Time. With an investment horizon of five to seven years...
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...(1951- 1956) The first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first five-year plan to the Parliament of India on December 8, 1951.This plan was based on the Harrod-Domar model. The plan addressed, mainly, the agrarian sector, including investments in dams and irrigation. The agricultural sector was hit hardest by the partition of India and needed urgent attention.[3] The total planned budget of 2069 crore was allocated to seven broad areas: irrigation and energy (27.2 percent), agriculture and community development (17.4 percent), transport and communications (24 percent), industry (8.4 percent), social services (16.64 percent), land rehabilitation (4.1 percent), and for other sectors and services (2.5 percent).[4] The most important feature of this phase was active role of state in all economic sectors. Such a role was justified at that time because immediately after independence, India was facing basic problems—deficiency of capital and low capacity to save. The target growth rate was 2.1% annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth; the achieved growth rate was 3.6% Second five year plan (1956-1961) The second five-year plan focused on industry, especially heavy industry. Domestic production of industrial products was encouraged in the Second plan, particularly in the development of the public sector. The total amount allocated under the second five year plan in India was Rs. 4,600 crore. This amount was allocated among various sectors: * Power and irrigation ...
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...HEALTHCARE AND HOSPITAL INDUSTRY Healthcare industry is a wide and intensive form of services which are related to well being of human beings. Health care is the social sector and it is provided at State level with the help of Central Government. Health care industry covers hospitals, health insurances, medical software, health equipments and pharmacy in it. Right from the time of Ramayana and Mahabharata, health care was there but with time, Health care sector has changed substantially. With improvement in Medical Science and technology it has gone through considerable change and improved a lot. The major inputs of health care industries are as listed below: I. Hospitals II Medical insurance III. Medical software IV. Health equipments Health care service is the combination of tangible and intangible aspect with the intangible aspect dominating the intangible aspect. In fact it can be said to be completely intangible, in that, the services (consultancy) offered by the doctor are completely intangible. The tangible things could include the bed, the décor, etc. Efforts made by hospitals to tangiblize the service offering would be discussed in details in the unique characteristics part of the report. Different types of health care services available in India Hospitals Pathology Clinics Blood Banks Meditation Centres Emergency services like Ambulances, etc. Online Medical Services Telemedicine Naturopathy Yoga Centres Fitness Centres ...
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...Emma Pitchforth2 and Susan F Murray3 Abstract National and transnational health care systems are rapidly evolving with current processes of globalisation. What is the contribution of the social sciences to an understanding of this field? A structured scoping exercise was conducted to identify relevant literature using the lens of India – a ‘rising power’ with a rapidly expanding healthcare economy. A five step search and analysis method was employed in order to capture as wide a range of material as possible. Documents published in English that met criteria for a social science contribution were included for review. Via electronic bibliographic databases, websites and hand searches conducted in India, 113 relevant articles, books and reports were identified. These were classified according to topic area, publication date, disciplinary perspective, genre, and theoretical and methodological approaches. Topic areas were identified initially through an inductive approach, then rationalised into seven broad themes. Transnational consumption of health services; the transnational healthcare workforce; the production, consumption and trade in specific health-related commodities, and transnational diffusion of ideas and knowledge have all received attention from social scientists in work related to India. Other themes with smaller volumes of work include new global health governance issues and structures; transnational delivery of health services and the transnational movement...
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...to promote economic and development, with the future aim of increasing the Human Development Index (HDI- composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income, indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development) and thus moving further along the development continuum. With expert leg-growth has been the main approach to development, trade may not be the only panacea for development. Other approaches to development such as aid and political avenues also have to be explored. However, the main process to development is industrialisation (manufactured goods create more income than raw materials/primary products) with this we see countries moving through the Clark Fisher model; moving from primary through to tertiary sectors. This increased revenue would promote wealth and improving living standards. In turn, this would make way for the 'trickling down' effect, the increased wealth means surplus money would be available for new industry to be established. Furthermore, this surplus of money may be reinvested into vital infrastructure and increasing the indices needed to value the HDI. Exploring and analysing approaches to development will form the basis of my conclusion. Over the last three decades China has experienced a remarkable transformation, going from being a poor and largely agricultural economy to becoming the world’s industrial powerhouse. Much of China’s remarkable growth between 1978 and 2000 can be explained by the reform. China’s rise as a major...
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...ELECTRONIC ASSIGNMENT COVERSHEET | | Student Number | 32528997, 31705221, 32509568, 32662752 | Surname | Padam, Veetil, Sasidharan and Jacob | Given name | Rashpal, Biju, Rahul and Jefin | Email | Biju.veetil@murdochdubai.ac.ae | | | Unit Code | MBS630 | Unit name | International Business | Enrolment mode | Internal / external | Date | 28 Feb 2016 | Assignment number | Assignment 1 | Assignment name | Case Study – India’s Economic Transformation | Tutor | Tracie Scott | Student’s Declaration: * Except where indicated, the work I am submitting in this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted for assessment in another unit. * This submission complies with Murdoch University's academic integrity commitments. I am aware that information about plagiarism and associated penalties can be found at http://www.murdoch.edu.au/teach/plagiarism/. If I have any doubts or queries about this, I am further aware that I can contact my Unit Coordinator prior to submitting the assignment. * I acknowledge that the assessor of this assignment may, for the purpose of assessing this assignment: * reproduce this assignment and provide a copy to another academic staff member; and/or * submit a copy of this assignment to a plagiarism-checking service. This web-based service may retain a copy of this work for the sole purpose of subsequent plagiarism checking, but has a legal agreement with the University that it will not share or reproduce...
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...PART A ➢ GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), multilateral treaty between governments, was signed in 1947 and came into force on 1st January 1948. Objectives: The primary of GATT is to expand international trade by liberalizing trade so as to bring about all around economic prosperity. The Preamble to the GATT mentions the following as its important objectives: 1. Raising standard of living. 2. Ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand. 3. Developing full use of resources of the world. 4. Expansion of production and international trade. For the realization of its objectives, GATT has adopted the following principles: 1. Non-discrimination: the principle of non-discrimination requires that no member country shall discriminate between the members of GATT in the conduct of international trade. To ensure non-discrimination the members of GATT agree to apply the principle of the most favoured nation (MFN) to all import and export duties. This means that each mission shall be treated as well as the most favoured nation. As far as quantitative restrictions are permitted they too are to be administered without favor. However certain expectations to this principle are allowed for instance GATT, does not prohibit economic integration such as free trade areas or customs union, provided the purpose of such integration...
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...Abstract Developing countries can generate effective solutions for today’s global health challenges. This paper reviews relevant literature to construct the case for international cooperation, and in particular, developed-developing country partnerships. Standard database and web-based searches were conducted for publications in English between 1990 and 2010. Studies containing full or partial data relating to international cooperation between developed and developing countries were retained for further analysis. Of 227 articles retained through initial screening, 65 were included in the final analysis. The results were two-fold: some articles pointed to intangible benefits accrued by developed country partners, but the majority of information pointed to developing country innovations that can potentially inform health systems in developed countries. This information spanned all six WHO health system components. Ten key health areas where developed countries have the most to learn from the developing world were identified and include, rural health service delivery; skills substitution; decentralisation of management; creative problem-solving; education in communicable disease control; innovation in mobile phone use; low technology simulation training; local product manufacture; health financing; and social entrepreneurship. While there are no guarantees that innovations from developing country experiences can effectively transfer to developed countries, combined developed-developing...
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...Indian Airline Industry Indian aviation industry has been ruled by the two state airlines: Air India and Indian Airlines for quite a while. Till 1990 there were very strict rules for the new entrants on operating their air taxis. No private carrier was allowed to fly more than 700 Kms at a stretch. The government disapproved the privatisation of the state airlines despite the losses incurred by them. For 40 years the 2 airlines ruled the Indian aviation industry. It was only in 1990-1991 that the “open skies” policy was introduced were scheduling restrictions were lifted from private airlines. (Mhatre, 1993) The liberalisation boosted a number of airlines in the market. Some of the early entrants were East West airlines, Modiluft, Jet airways, Air Sahara, Damania Airways etc. The private airline industry also got a boost because of the state airline pilot going on strike helped them gain customer base. In the middle of 1990s there was an opportunity for a huge expansion of air traffic in India. The government's economic survey predicted 12-14% growth. Unfortunately most of the airlines were unsuccessful either due to legal battles or a bad professional management. The two players who survived and sustained in the market were Jet Airways and Air Sahara. (Mhatre, 2000) Since 1996 Jet Airways has strengthened its spot to become the No. 1 private carrier in India, giving state-owned Indian Airlines a run for its money. (Mhatre, 1997) It continued to be the market leader...
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...made some significant commitments towards ensuring the basic rights of children. There has been progress in overall indicators: infant mortality rates are down, child survival is up, literacy rates have improved and school dropout rates have fallen. But the issue of child rights in India is still caught between legal and policy commitments to children on the one hand, and the fallout of the process of globalisation on the other. Over the last decade, countries across the world have been changing their existing economic models in favour of one driven by the free market, incorporating processes of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. The direct impact of free trade on children may not leap to the eye, but we do know that globalised India is witnessing worsening levels of basic health, nutrition and shelter. Children are suffering as a result of social sector cutbacks/policies and programmes and development initiatives that deprive communities and families of access to and control over land, forest and water resources they have traditionally depended on. The negative fallout is visible: children are being deprived of even the scarce social benefits once available; they are displaced by forced and economic migration, increasing the number of children subsisting on the streets; more and more children are being trafficked within and across borders; and rising numbers of children are engaged in part- or full-time labour. Ground Realities ● India has the largest young population...
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...between theory and practice and classic and contemporary concepts. The MBA programme of Gujarat Technological University (GTU) will be conducted on a semester basis with four semesters spread over two academic years. The duration of each semester will be around 15 weeks. In each semester there will be seven courses/subjects. In the first year all the 14 courses are compulsory. In the second year there will be three types of courses, namely, compulsory, electives and sectorial specialisation. The MBA programme will have four electives, namely, Marketing, Finance, Human Resource and Information Systems. A student can choose any one of the four electives. There will be five sectorial specialization areas, namely, Retail, Pharmaceutical and Healthcare, Rural and Cooperatives, Public Systems and Policy, and Banking and Insurance. A candidate has to opt for one of the sectorial areas. In each semester of the second year there will be three compulsory courses, three electives and one sectorial course, thus making a total of six compulsory courses, six elective courses and two sectorial courses in the second year. Once a student opts for a particular elective and sectorial course in semester III, he/she will continue the same in semester IV. The institution conducting the programme can either offer all the electives and sectorial options or the minimum requirement of two for each. The institution is free to drop an elective or sectorial option in case...
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...in India Dec -2013 Contents Lists of Contents Page No 1. List of Abbreviations 3 2. Abstract 4 3. Introduction 6 3.1 Private Sector in India 7 3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN HEALTH CARE 8 3.3 Public/Private Partnership 8 3.4 OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 10 3.5 Classifying PPPs 10 3.6 Challenges in Partnership 11 3.7 Characteristics of Partnership 12 3.8 Scope and types of partnership 13 3.9 The Study for Research paper 15 3.10.1 Analysis and Discussion 16 3.10.2 Overview of the Case Studies 16 3.10.3 Enabling Conditions 17 3.10.4 Equity and Accessibility 19 3.10 Private partner selection and obligations of the Partners 19 3.11 Performance Specifications 20 3.12 Resource implications 20 3.13 Autonomy 21 3.14 Technical and managerial capacity 22 3.15 Quality of services 23 3.16 Stakeholder Perspectives 23 4. Summary and Conclusion 24 5. References 26 6. Annexure 29 1. List of Abbreviations PPP Public Private Partnership HSR Health Sector Reform ADBI Asian Development Bank Institute NRHM National Rural Health Mission FRU First Referral Unit MMVs Mobile Medical Unit CHC Community Health centre PHC Primary Health centre ...
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...Project Report on A STUDY OF FUNCTIONING & STRATEGY OF FIELD FORCES IN INSURANCE BAJAJ ALLIANZ IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMMERCE [PROF.] (III) SESSION (2009-10) TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr.No CONTENTS 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. SECTOR PROFILE 4. COMPANY PROFILE 5. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7. DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 8. CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS 9. PROBLEMS IN THE EXECUTIVE TRAINING 10. LEARNING THE EXECUTIVE TRAINING 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEXURE INTRODUCTION A marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its (always limited) resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing strategy as a key part of the general corporate strategy marketing strategy is most effective when it is an integral component of corporate strategy, defining how the organization will engage customers, prospects and competitors in the market arena for success. It is partially derived from broader corporate strategies, corporate missions, and corporate goals. They should flow from the firm's mission statement. They are also influenced by a range of micro environmental factors. Marketing strategy and sectarian tactics and actions A marketing strategy also serves as the foundation of a marketing plan. A marketing plan contains a set of specific actions required to successfully...
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