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Assess the sociological explanations for ethnic inequality in contemporary society? (40 mark)

Point: Marxism * Minority groups form part of a uniformed working class not against it. They work for the bourgeoisie. * Castles and Kosack argued that ethnic minority groups could also be part of * ‘reserve army of labour’– supporting capitalist system and forced to take lower paid jobs than their white counter parts. * Economic system created by racism (Cox) by creating a divide, the working class less likely to have a revolt as they haven’t developed class consciousness they blamed the ethnic minorities.
Ideological state apparatus (Althusser) used by the upper class to force cultural reproduction and protect their income
Negative effect on family life, woman becomes ‘psychological outlet’ (Zaretsky, 1976) for the man’s troubles and work

Critique: Marxism
Durkheim would support ethnic minorities working for bourgeoisie as it ‘functionally fits’ society, they have the workforce that they need and there is a consensus in society regarding how it should operate.
When analysing the Marxist views the value attached to the ‘reserve army of labour’ needs to be addressed. * Not always negative they do have a job! * Breadwinner/instrumental role (Parsons, 1955) being fulfilled, this is positive for the functioning of society.
It is also unfair to suggest that we live in a ‘racist’ society, laws to protect workers ‘anti discrimination act’ 1975, race relations act 1976, equal opportunities act 2010.
Marxist theory is STRUCTURAL/MACRO
We are critiquing with structural elements for how society is run.

Point: Neo-Marxism * Every class in society has a mixed of ethnic groups but ethnic minorities do not get classed as middle class, for example, even if their income and education dictate they should be categorised as this. Neo-Marxists

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