...M M A R Y Probiotics This Scientific Status Summary addresses the scientific basis of the hypothesis that consumption of probiotics can positively influence human health. Product and regulatory issues are also briefly addressed. A PUBLICATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS’ EXPERT PANEL ON FOOD SAFETY AND NUTRITION P robiotics are defined as live microbial food ingredients that have a beneficial effect on human health (Salminen et al., 1998). The concept of probiotics evolved at the turn of the 20th century from a hypothesis first proposed These include Bengmark (1998), Elmer et al. (1999), Fonden et al. (1999), Holzapfel et al. (1998), Lee et al. (1999), Naidu et al. (1999), Salminen et al. (1996), Sanders (1998a), Sanders and Huis in’t Veld (1999), and Tannock (1999a). by Nobel Prize winning Russian scientist Elie Metchnikoff (Bibel, 1988), who suggested that the long, healthy life of Bulgarian peasants resulted from their consumption of fermented milk products. He believed that when consumed, the fermenting bacillus (Lactobacillus) positively influenced the microflora of the colon, decreasing toxic microbial activities. The historical association of probiotics with fermented dairy products, still true today, stems from these early observations. Investigations in the probiotic field during the past several decades, however, have expanded beyond bacteria isolated from fermented dairy products to those of intestinal origin. The probiotic bacteria most...
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...Biotechnology Regulations and Ethics FDA Regulation of Probiotics One of the most significant implications of the Human microbiome project (HMP) is the expansion of number of probiotic products available on the commercial market. As, it is new area of study, new claims are being made about the role and the value of probiotics in promoting human health and well-being. However there is some uncertainty about the how these products should be regulated. The Goal of this paper is to discuss the current legal and regulatory issues raised by probiotics and to determine whether the current regulatory framework is a good fit for the products that are available on the market which may be developed in the future as a result of HMP. This paper discusses the current regulatory structure of probiotics, issues, concerns and broad recommendations. According to the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Working group, probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit in the host”. However no legal definition of probiotics exists, in the U.S or in other countries which allows the marketing of products labelled as “probiotics” that do not meet the fundamental criteria stipulated in the scientific definition. Probiotics are live nonpathogenic microorganisms administered to improve microbial balance, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. They consists of Saccaromyces boulardii yeast or lactic...
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...ANALYSIS & PERCEPTION ON PRE-PROBIOTICS” PROJECT-2 “MARKET ANALYSIS & PERCEPTION ON FERROUS ASCORBATE” A PROJECT REPORT Submitted By GAYATRI .P. PAWAR Roll No. 35 In Partial Fulfilment For The Award Of The Diploma Of PGDM IN PHARMACEUTICAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT GUIDE: INTERNAL GUIDE : MR .KAPIL.MUDLIAR MRS.SUMANA BOSE (PRODUCT MANAGER) (FACULTY) DUPEN LABORITIES PVT. SIESCOMS. S.I.E.S COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES MAY 2010 - JUNE2010 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “MARKET ANALYSIS AND PERCEPTION ON PRE-PROBIOTICS” –PROJECT 1 MARKET ANALYSIS AND PERCEPTION ON LATEST HEMATINIC (FERROUS ASCORBATE+ FOLIC ACID)- PROJECT 2 submitted to SIES COLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, NERUL NAVI MUMBAI is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mrs.SUMANA BOSE, Faculty Member,and Dr. Suhas Tambe ,HOD. this project work has not performed the basis for the award of any Degree or diploma/ associate ship/fellowship and similar project if any. GAYATRI PAWAR ABSTRACT The main goal of the report was to investigate about the PRE-PROBIOTICS molecule, its market perception...
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...Use of Probiotics in Infants with Diarrhea Associated with Antibiotics Chris Student Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 449: Evidence-Based Practice November, 2014 Use of Probiotics in Infants with Diarrhea Associated with Antibiotics Clinical Question The problem this paper addresses is whether probiotics can be an effective preventative measure for diarrhea when a child is prescribed an antibiotic. The significance of this problem is that diarrhea can lead to serious complications in the very young and the elderly. Based on a six-month prospective cohort study by Vernacchio et al. (2006), diarrhea in infants and young children was reported to be 2.2 episodes per person-year with a median duration of 2 days. More of these were caused by viruses than bacteria. Although recent data are unavailable, a 1991 study by Glass, Lew, Gangarose, and LeBaron indicated that 325-425 children in the US die of diarrheal disease every year and 2.1 to 3.7 million children are seen by a physician for diarrheal diseases. C difficile infections are among the most serious causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and their incidence in hospitalized infants has been increasing (American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2013). The major pathophysiology of the diarrhea associated with antibiotics is disturbance of the normal flora in the GI tract. The specific clinical question guiding the search for a quantitative research article is: In hospitalized pediatric patients...
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...Contents Company ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.1 Company Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.2 Company Mission --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.3 Company Vision ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.4 Company Objective ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Situation Analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.1 Company Macro Environment ----------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.1.1 Demographic Environment --------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.1.2 Economic Environment -------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2.1.3 Political and Legal Environment -------------------------------------------------------- 11 2.1.4 Technological Environment -------------------------------------------------------------- 12 2.1.5 Sociocultural Trends ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 2.2 Company Micro Environment ----------------------------------------------------------------- 16 2.2.1 Market Intermediaries --------------------------------------------------------------------...
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...YAKULT: A Probiotic Drink The onset of lifestyle-related diseases because of dietary habits, poor exercise, alcohol intake, stress and the like, is an issue Yakult is trying to prevent. The research and development team of Yakult put its efforts in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases by promoting foods with beneficial materials and based on scientific evidence. Yakult is a probiotic drink which improves digestion and helps build immunity. Yakult is derived from the word "Jahurto", meaning "yoghurt" in Esperanto, a constructed international auxiliary language. Yakult contains 6.5 billion beneficial bacteria which is Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota. The bacteria in Yakult are resistant to gastric juices and bile. These bacteria reach our intestines alive to balance the amount of good bacteria in the gut. Yakult is advised for daily consumption to improve intestinal health and immunity. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in Yakult was discovered by Dr. Minoru Shirota in 1930. More than 80 years of research backed Yakult to ensure safety and efficacy of this product. Scientific benefits of Yakult proved to: * Improve bowel movement and aid digestion * Maintain balance of good and bad bacteria * Reduce toxins in our body * Help build the immune system (reduce risk of infections) The term Probiotics is derived from probiosis— a symbiotic relationship between two organisms. It is a live microbial culture that beneficially affects the host animal (humans)...
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...Clinical Indications for Probiotics: An Overview Abstract Probiotic bacteria are used to treat or prevent a broad range of human diseases, conditions, and syndromes. In addition, there are areas of medical use that have been proposed for future probiotic applications. Randomized double-blind studies have provided evidence of probiotic effectiveness for the treatment and prevention of acute diarrhea and antibiotic-induced diarrhea, as well as for the prevention of cow milk–induced food allergy in infants and young children. Research studies have also provided evidence of effectiveness for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea, relapsing Clostridium difficile–induced colitis, and urinary tract infections. There are also studies indicating that probiotics may be useful for prevention of respiratory infections in children, dental caries, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Areas of future interest for the application of probiotics include colon and bladder cancers, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The probiotics with the greatest number of proven benefits are Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG and Saccharomyces boulardii. Probiotics have been defined as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” . Probiotics have been used to treat a wide range of diseases, ailments, and conditions that affect humans and animals. Additional medical applications have been proposed for potential future uses, depending...
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...basis and predictable with the needs of the patron association. This ProBac Business Case Template is intended to give a typical beginning stage to ProBac ventures. Be that as it may, no two activities are the same, and no two business cases are the same. The business case for any venture must present the key points of interest and contemplations for that. 1. Identify the Opportunity ProBac is a world driving, exploration driven Biotechnology Company concentrated on the worldwide probiotic business sector. Through our exploration we have created probiotics with decently archived helpful well being impacts. ProBac's clients are universally driving sustenance, wellbeing what's more, pharmaceutical organizations dynamic in the worldwide wellbeing item market. We take pride in cooperating with a portion of the best brands on the planet and additionally driving provincial organizations. ProBac is a main worldwide player in probiotic research and creates probiotics utilized as a part of both Functional Food and Dietary Supplements. Items covering ProBac's microbes accessible during time spent propelled in more than 40 business sectors as far and wide as possible....
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...Step 1: Perform internal and external environmental scanning for the company. Strengths- 1. Ability to leverage strong brand name to generate sales 2. Ability to customize products to the local market conditions 3. Strong global operations with diversified revenue base 4. Research and development capabilities Weaknesses- 1. Increasing instances of product recalls hampering brand equity Opportunities- 1. Transition to a 'nutrition and well-being' company 2. Focus on developing and emerging economies 3. Booming out of home eating market Threats- 1. Compliance issue resulting in penalty payments 2. Macro economic factors 3. Allegations of unethical business activities Step 2: Strategy Formulation is developed based on portfolio analysis findings. Nestle Portfolio Analysis- Stars: Prepared Dishes and Cooking Aides 16% (33% of North Amer. Frozen foods) Cash cows: Beverages 18% Milk Products, Nutritional and Ice Cream 18.7% Dogs: Confectionery segment -11% Other Food & Beverages- 9.5% Pet Care- 9.3% Question Marks: Pharmaceutical Products- 0.7% Strategy Formulation- Differentiation Strategy in combination with the First Mover strategy can be used to bring the pharmaceutical products; which are the question marks of their product matrix; to the point of becoming a cash cow for Nestle in the future. Differentiation requires long-term customer relationships created out of close interaction with the sales force. Step 3: Strategy Implementation...
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...Probiotics Our Friendly Bacteria An estimated 10 quadrillion bacteria make their home in the average digestive system. Fortunately, less than one percent of the 400 different species found in the intestine are potentially harmful. The majority of intestinal flora are friendly bacteria, otherwise known as probiotics. These probiotic bacteria support good health by limiting the growth of harmful bacteria, promoting good digestion and increasing resistance to infection.*1 Probiotic bacteria are completely non-toxic. In fact, friendly bacteria have been used safely and effectively for more than 8,000 years, proving their value to human health.*2 Most often, probiotics have been consumed as part of cultured foods, such as acidophilus milk, yogurt, soy tempeh, and idli (cultured wheat). The friendly bacteria in these foods, specifically Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, multiply in the warm, moist environment of the human body by feeding on the carbohydrates and protein in the digestive tract, then establish colonies along the intestinal wall. Beneficial Roles of Probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and other friendly bacteria play many important roles in maintaining good health.* According to experts, regular consumption of probiotics is the best way to maintain healthy intestinal flora.*3, 4 Lactobacilli species do not survive very long in the colon, so bacteria colonies need to be routinely replenished.* Healthy digestion: In addition...
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...Deepika et al. Microbial Cell Factories 2012, 11:116 http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/11/1/116 RESEARCH Open Access Influence of fermentation conditions on the surface properties and adhesion of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Gurjot Deepika1, Esther Karunakaran2, Claire R Hurley3, Catherine A Biggs2 and Dimitris Charalampopoulos1* Abstract Background: The surface properties of probiotic bacteria influence to a large extent their interactions within the gut ecosystem. There is limited amount of information on the effect of the production process on the surface properties of probiotic lactobacilli in relation to the mechanisms of their adhesion to the gastrointestinal mucosa. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the fermentation pH and temperature on the surface properties and adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Results: The cells were grown at pH 5, 5.5, 6 (temperature 37°C) and at pH 6.5 (temperature 25°C, 30°C and 37°C), and their surfaces analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel-based proteomics. The results indicated that for all the fermentation conditions, with the exception of pH 5, a higher nitrogen to carbon ratio and a lower phosphate content was observed at the surface of the bacteria, which resulted in a lower surface hydrophobicity and reduced adhesion levels to Caco-2 cells as compared to the control fermentation (pH 6.5...
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...INDIA PRIVATE LTD. Yakult Danone India (P) Ltd is a 50:50 JV between Yakult Honsha, Japan and Groupe Danone of France, both of which are global probiotic leaders. The JV was formed in 2005 to manufacture and sell probiotic products in the Indian market. Yakult, a probiotic drink was launched in India in 2007, and is presently available in Delhi, NCR, Nasik, Chandigarh, Punjab, Jaipur, Mumbai, Pune, Hyderabad, Chennai and Bangalore. Yakult is manufactured at an ISO 9001:2008, HACCP and OHSAS 18001:2007 certified manufacturing facility in Sonepat, Haryana in India. As a pioneer in probiotics, Yakult has formidable research capabilities and product technologies in the field of probiotics. Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research has for years researched the use of intestinal bacteria as a factor in health maintenance, conducting a wide range of studies on the benefits of microorganisms in Japan. In India too, Yakult Danone India is working actively to build awareness about probiotics and contribute to a healthier society. Yakult’s benefits have been scientifically established through years of research and 30 million people in more than 30 countries drink Yakult every day. Probiotics for a healthy balance In 1930 Dr. Minoru Shirota, a Japanese scientist, was the first in the world to isolate and culture a probiotic strain which reached the intestines alive in large numbers and imparted health benefits to the host. He used this strain to make Yakult, a fermented...
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...Microorganisms are all round us. Everyday at any given minute our bodies contain flora or normal microbiota. Which as described in the textbook Microbiology An Introduction as, “Some normal microbiota protect us against disease by preventing the overgrowth of harmful microbes, and others produce useful substances such as vitamin K and some B vitamins. Unfortunately, under some circumstances normal microbiota can make us sick or infect people we contact. For instance, when some microbiota leave their habitat, they can cause disease. ” (Tortora, Funke, and Case 17) In my experience of working in a hospital on the medical-surgical floor, I have become very familiar with the opportunist infection formally know as Clostridium Diffcile and informally known as C. diff. C. Diff is an infection that affects the colon and causes the patient to have irretractable diarrhea and can even cause inflammation of the colon that can sometimes be lethal. C. diff is very common in the elderly and patients on multiple antibiotics which causes the natural bacteria in the colon to be irradiated allowing opportunistic bacteria to invade. The New York Times reported that “Two factors typically lead to the infection: taking antibiotics, which make the intestine vulnerable, followed by exposure to the bacteria or their spores in a hospital, clinic or nursing home that has not been properly disinfected. Spores can survive for weeks or maybe even months outside the body, and it takes bleach or other...
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...The title of this experiment is Probiotic capsules do not lower plasma lipids in young women and men. The objective of this investigation was to clarify the effect of probiotic bacteria administered in capsule form on plasma lipid concentrations. Independent variableThe independent variable is the probiotic capsules. Probiotic bacteria have been defined as live microorganisms, which when consumed in adequate amounts, confer a health effect on the host. These bacteria have been hypothesized to enhance the immune response, treat antibiotic or travelers diarrhea, improve gastrointestinal health and reduce fecal enzymes implicated in cancer initiation. Probiotic bacteria are incorporated into dairy foods such as milk and yogurt or packaged as capsules for human consumption. In vitro experiments have suggested several mechanisms for the cholesterol-lowering effect of probiotic bacteria such as L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Bacteria may directly remove cholesterol by incorporating it into the bacterial cell membrane, binding cholesterol to the cell surface or assimilating cholesterol during growth. In addition, bacteria may produce bile salt hydrolase and deconjugate bile acids. The resulting bile acids co-precipitate with cholesterol and are excreted in the feces, thereby reducing cholesterol through fecal excretion and through the synthesis of additional bile acids from cholesterol. The majority of studies examining the effect of probiotic bacteria on plasma lipids have...
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...UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL ASSIGNMENT COURSE TITLE: AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY COURSE CODE: AGN201N INDEX NUMBER: AG/AGR/11/0036 QUESTION: 1. Examples of pathogenic bacteria and their corresponding diseases. 2. Examples of useful bacteria and their importance 30TH August, 2012 Bacteria are living things that belong to a group all by themselves. They are small, single cell organisms called prokaryotes that do not contain a nucleus and are usually found in very large groups because they can quickly multiply. There are many different kinds of bacteria that are all separated into different types and groups, each group having its very own unique qualities that sets it apart from all the rest. A pathogen is a microorganism – in the widest sense, such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus – that causes disease in its host. The host may be an animal (including humans), a plant, or even another microorganism. Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause bacterial infection. Below is a table of some pathogenic bacteria and their corresponding diseases. PATHOGENIC BACTERIA | PATHOGENIC DISEASE | Clostridium perfringens | * Gas gangrene * Acute food poisoning * Anaerobic cellulitis | Streptococcus pyogenes | * Streptococcal pharyngitis * Scarlet fever * Rheumatic fever * Impetigo and...
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