...Problem Solving Essay Crystal Bussey Liberty University Problem Solving Essay Never Say Anything a Kid Can Say is an interesting and informative article written by Steven Reinhart, a mathematics teacher in Chippewa Falls, WI. One day Mr. Reinhart entered his classroom of middle school students and taught what he thought to be a masterpiece lesson. He thought he explained the mathematical concepts clearly and with much detail only to find out the next day that the students were confused. Although he took pride in his ability to teach math and received rave reviews from his principal, he realized there was something wrong. The achievement levels of his students were lower than they should be. Instead of blaming the students, he stepped back and began to examine himself. How was his teaching? This question led him into searching for and researching other methods of teaching math. He discovered the flaw in his method of teaching. He stated, “When I was in front of the class demonstrating and explaining, I was learning a great deal, but many of my students were not!” (2000). Reinhart decided to implement change in his teaching method. He had such a passion for his work and his students learning the concepts necessary for success in mathematics that he made it a goal to teach a topic in a better way than he had taught it before. This was a yearly goal and meant he would have to tread unfamiliar territory. Much of the material he gathered during his research suggested nontraditional...
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...psychological research has made towards our understanding of how children from birth to five learn and develop competencies in the processes of observation, problem solving, exploration, experimentation and prediction, thinking and decision making. Introduction The aim of this essay is to evaluate the developmental theories of ‘Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy’ (PSRN) and an ‘Exploration and Investigation’ aspect of ‘Knowledge and Understanding of the World’ (KUW) in Foundation stage children. This essay will explore Piaget and Vygotsky and their points of view on PSRN and issues which arise from development and it will consider current research and documents relevant to practice and the implications and recommendations for early years practice. Furthermore key concepts of emergent numeracy, mark making, counting and number development will be explored. The skills of observation, problem solving, exploration, experimentation and prediction, thinking and decision making fall into all six aspects of children’s learning and development and these skills led themselves to science and teaching as well as PSRN on which this essay is going to focus on. Theoretical approaches Piaget’s constructivist theory saw children as actively constructing their knowledge of the world, for themselves, and as being active seekers of solutions to problems (Martin 2007). It could be agreed as practitioners acknowledge the importance of child-led activity as being essential for meaningful learning and...
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...Running head: (NCTM) Standards: Website Lesson Plans (NCTM) Standards: Website Lesson Plans Jennifer Martin Grand Canyon University: EED-364 April 21, 2013 Introduction: “The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics is the public voice of mathematics education, supporting teachers to ensure equitable mathematics learning of the highest quality for all students through vision, leadership, professional development, and research.” (NCTM, 2013) The standards that The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NTCM) came up with are widely used in the mathematics classrooms in US today. There are many websites that offer different things that use these standards and help the students to learn while still enjoying mathematics. This essay will analysis lesson plans from four different websites that contain math activities which confirm to the NTCM standards. Lesson Plan #1: I'll Halve S'more Please!! This lesson allows the students to take real life situations into consideration and shows them how you can use mathematics in their everyday lives. This lesson uses standards for number and operations set out by the NCTM. After this lesson the students should be able to: Use the resources such as tools and strategies that are given to them to be able to estimate appropriately, and understand different ways numbers can be represented. The mathematical operations that are used in this lesson would be fractions, addition and subtraction. The students would be able to show and...
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...methods that individuals and organization can choose to be used in problem solving depending on the nature of the issue. The first part will sum up the main ideas of the article, including main theories and practical advises that the authors are recommending. The second part of the essay will present some criticism towards the article and its theoretical framework and arguments. Main ideas and a summary of the theory Decision Making is a traditional area of interest in every business school and company. How are decisions actually made? Are they rational or just products of individuals’ personal opinions? Should they even be based on what is called as rational thinking? Henry Mintzberg and Frances Westley tried to tackle this problem of how decisions should be made in their essay Decision Making: It’s Not What You Think, published in MIT Sloan Management Review (2001). They challenge the traditional approach of logical problems followed by step-by-step solutions. The researchers argue that there are a whole bunch of different types of problems in need of different approaches. The common type of decision making follows a clear pattern. First step would be defining the problem. Secondly, one needs to diagnose the causes of the problem. Third step is deciding the best approach or treatment to it. Finally, there should be implementation according to the solution reached. This kind of approach is suitable for solving problems that are clear and structured. Mintzberg and Westley argue that...
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...Title: As instructed by module leader “Outline the public health issues in 1840s and explain why the measures proposed to solve these problems were not popular. Is there anything today which we can learn from this period in developing current public health policies”? Preparation Writing is a process. In order to write my essay topic effectively, I will need to prepare how I want to go about the task. Good preparation will mean that I am able to focus on what and how I am going to write. My preparation will involve having an essay plan. As stated in his book, (Greetham, 2008, p. 145), “The plan gives the essay a clear structure for examiners to follow as they navigate their ways through ideas and arguments that are unfamiliar to them”. The structure, and how I organise my piece of writing, is just as important as the content. As pointed out by (Cottrell, 2008, p. 182), “What matters is not just what you know but the way that you organise it”. My plan will therefore present an essay based on an introduction, main body and a conclusion. This will be significant in how I will collect and collate information about the essay question. As a student, I will read and make my own notes, trying to include information from other sources but with my own interpretation. The Introduction In this essay, I will attempt to identify the important aspects of public health issues in 1840s. Firstly, I intend to define public health then identify and discuss briefly the public health...
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...June 2011 PSYB3 Cog.Dvlpt essay qu. Describe and evaluate the information processing approach to children’s cognition. In your answer, you should explain how the information processing approach differs from at least one other approach to cognitive development. (12 marks) [AO1 = 4 marks, AO2 = 8 marks] Examiners must read the whole response prior to marking in order to make a band judgement about whether the response is Very Good (10-12), Good (7-9), Average to Weak (4-6) or Poor (1-3). Examiners should be guided by the band judgement when annotating scripts. AO1 Up to 4 marks for knowledge of the information approach to children’s cognition. Likely content: * emphasis on cognitive efficiency * task analysis in terms of cognitive processes involved * focus on specific cognitive processes such as memory and problem-solving strategies and stages within these processes * changes identified by Bee (1997) * increased capacity * processing efficiency * rule development * metacognitive awareness * the computer analogy * the active nature of information processing * Siegler’s (1996) overlapping waves theory – use of different strategies overlapping in time. Relevant evidence includes: * Siegler (1976) - balance scale problem * Siegler & Jenkins (1989) adding strategies * Flavell (1966) study of spontaneous use of memory strategies Up to two marks for description of relevant...
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...between short term memory and listening to Mozart’s music.” The actual thesis statement is both precise and straight to the point yet some explanation has been given to elaborate the details of the study. Thesis Subject: The Effect of Mozart’s Music on Short Term Memory Sample Thesis Statement: The thesis statement is created from the essential question i.e. “is there any presence of a positive cause and effect relationship on the memory status of the students who listen to Mozart’s music, as it is propagated in the theory of Mozart’s effect”. The hypothesis tested for this study is, “Listening to Mozart’s music has no effect on human memory”. Thesis Statement Example 2 This is an example of a research essay thesis statement. While writing a thesis statement for a research essay you have to strictly take a for or against approach and then justify your argument. For such type of thesis statements, it’s best to gather your material beforehand and then write your thesis statement, lastly. In the first example, the thesis statement is vague and does not clearly illustrate the researcher’s point of view. It only gives a brief overview about the topic undertaken. On the other hand, the second thesis statement clearly presents the view of the researcher and...
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...relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development. What role if any do creativity and problem solving play in this relationship? Refer to both theory and examples from the business world to support your discussion COPY 1 TITLE OF MODULE: Entrepreneurship and Business (N11440 MY) Title of Work: Discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development. What role if any do creativity and problem solving play in this relationship? Refer to both theory and examples from the business world to support your discussion COPY 2 Austrian writer, professor, management consultant and self-described “social ecologist,” Peter F. Drucker once said “Innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurship. The act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth.” (BrainyQuote, 2014) This essay aims to show how innovation, entrepreneurship and economic development are all linked together as shown in the statement above. Even though many a time the spotlight has been shined on entrepreneurship as the propellant towards success, there are still many factors that have to be taken into account such as creativity and problem solving skills. These all shall be the foundation of this particular essay. Entrepreneurs were first introduced by Richard Cantillon (1697-1734) and described as a producer with...
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...In this essay, it would be found out that the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development is a multidirectional cycle, which means that they affect each other in two directions. From one direction, when there is a problem entrepreneurs would use innovation which comes from creativity to solve it by entrepreneurship. Innovation deliveries new industries or get exist industries developed and both of those actions will lead economic to develop. The births of new industries encourage people with entrepreneurship to organize new economics. From the other direction, the development of economic absorbs new investments. Those investments include not only labour, land and capital, but also innovation which can improve the new good or service. The development in new industry can also offer money or other capital to encourage people with creativity to innovate. Innovation can be protected by entrepreneurship because it relies on innovation. As Thomson Edison* said, his inventions were from seeing a worthwhile need to be met and trailed after it until it came. So it can be seen as innovations are from solving problem and creativity. As an entrepreneur, spotting a problem and turn it into opportunity by creativity is called entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship sets innovation to processing first and then gets profits from economic development. As Bolton and Thompson (2000) has recognized, entrepreneurship is about change and innovation. So every entrepreneurs...
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...The problems managers have to face when managing team and the solutions. Currently, business has changed into a global-competition. The competition between organizations became more competitive because there is no longer competition within a country. It is a duty for the leaders of each organization to survive in this environment. David Maister (1997) mentioned that a great manager is expected to lead the team or a firm through complex situations and must influence the whole organization rather than use power to control members. Moreover, manager supposed to motivate, encourage enthusiasm and create the participation environment for team members. Brian Dive (2008) stated that manager should ensure all members of a team meet all theirs needs, and if not, find the solutions to meet all the requirements. In the same way, manager should secure the relevant commitments toward a goal from team members. More importantly, manager is expected to be able to provide the solutions to difficult and complex circumstances. However, being an effective manager has to handle with a problems during a job such as a relation between manager and subordinate, some manager might fail to do what they are expected to do. Famous business leaders, and academic professor in management science are putting efforts through the experiments and experiences to find out the causes of the management failure and the solution to prevent the problems occur in the future. Although those management theories might be...
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...Version 1.0 General Certificate of Education (A-level) June 2011 ICT (Specification 2520) INFO1 Unit 1: Practical Problem Solving in the Digital World Final Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from: aqa.org.uk Copyright...
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...evolved dynamically from just a method of communication to more important medium of exchanging information, dealing with multi billion dollars worth business value. Information as a key asset in the business world is highly valued by anyone who knows what that piece of information can benefit them thus, information generally is neither something cheap to obtain nor is made available freely out of the thin air. However, newly evolving method of seeking information called “crowdsourcing” has made information much cheaper to obtain if not free. But then, what is “crowdsourcing”? What is the relation to the internet and information technology? What are the advantages it brings to the society? Is there any challenges of “crowdsourcing”? This essay will discuss and elaborate in details on concept, characteristics, advantages, challenges and future trends of crowdsourcing. INTRODUCTION Jeff Howe, a well-known inventor of the term “crowdsourcing” when it was first use in his article appearing in Wired magazine (Howe, 2006), defined “crowdsourcing” as “the act of taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in the form of an open call.”...
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...Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Graduate Studies Pinaod, San Ildefonso, Bulacan A paper presented to Joseph Bareng, Ph. D. Professor In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the subject PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION MATEO, ALDWIN CRUZ MAED E 31 MARCH 2015 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION “Life must be understood backwards but must be lived forward” -Soren Kierkegaard “Education is not preparation for life… it is life itself…” -John Dewey In the eve of the Philippine Formal Education, Filipinos were already following a system of “training” for the young ones especially in preparing them for life in their communities or tribes. The belief of the “anitos” had given them some sort of “direction” in living their lives. Nature became their “friend and enemy” in honing their young ones’ readiness in facing a new stage of life…Parenthood and Survival. These changed when the Spaniards together with their friars taught them about spirituality and “civilized” culture inclined to the 14th-15kth century beliefs, traditions and practices. Thus, they made the Filipinos memorize and practice these. So, somehow, these Friars seemingly “taught” them to remember through memorization and acculturation. After the First World War, the Americans came bringing with them the system of teaching and education that Philippine society started to embrace. According to historians, this “Formal Education” started in the Philippines with the Americans...
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...- 36 Try Harder Verbal............................................ 37 - 42 Try More IR.................................................... 43 Try More Essay............................................. 44 Page 1 of 44 Bird's Eye View of Class Attended In Class Quant Verbal Topics & Methods Sentence Correction Critical Reasoning Reading Comprehension Other IR / Essay Preparing for the GMAT Session 1 □ DS Methods & Computation Methods 2 □ FDPs 3 □ Algebra 1 4 □ Algebra 2 5 □ Word Probs 1 6 □ Word Probs 2 7 □ Geometry 8 □ Num Props 1 9 □ Num Props 2 Subj-Verb Parallelism Pronouns Arg. Structure Assumption Modifiers Verbs Evaluate Comparisons Str/Weaken Idioms etc. Evidence Short Long IR Basics Essay Review Assess Gameplan Build "Do This" Checklist At Home Quant FoM Odds After Session 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 7 x 8 x 9 x x x □ □ □ □ □ □ □ x x x x □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ x x □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ x x □ □ □ □ □ □ □ x x □ □ □ □ □ x x x x Strat Guide Read Odds OG PS DS □ □ □ □ □ □ x x x x □ □ □ □ □ □ x x □ □ □ □ □ □ x x □ □ □ □ x x Verbal SC Strat Guide Read OG SC RC Strat Guide Read OG RC CR Strat Guide Read OG CR □ □ x x x x □ □ □ x □ □ □ x x x □ □ x □ □ □ x x x Other Roadmap CAT IR / Essay Other Read Do Do Do □ □ #1 x...
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...TOK Essay "When the only tool you have is a hammer, all problems begin to resemble nails.” (Abraham Maslow) How might this apply to ways of knowing, as tools, in the pursuit of knowledge? Have you ever wondered why and how your logic becomes restricted once confronting a problem? Abraham Maslow once stated “I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail”, which I believe could be understood as a statement questioning the method diverse human beings follow to execute any of their tasks. In this essay, integrating the functions of human intuition, language vs. sense perception and reasoning in contrast with mathematics, ethics and emotions, will help providing an answer for “To what extent should we trust our fundamental skills into resolving all types of complications”. Further more, by staying in correlation with Maslow’s statement, we should come to conclusion that a human being isn’t always conscious of his actions and that it takes high self-control and creativity when in need of solving a problem. As far as I can see, encountering a problem that necessitates an approval and a final decision to be made usually requires the usage of intuition. In other words, the process in the making of a decision cannot start before a problem has actually been set. The type of problem worth being investigated, must have first been lead by an intuition, which subsequently triggers the last decision;...
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