...Charles Kettering, the famed US electrical engineer and inventor said “A problem well-stated is half-solved.” One of the key capabilities in Consulting is to develop a good understanding of the problem situation from a number of different perspectives. This stage in the consulting process is known as ‘problem structuring’. The capabilities in Consulting have no limits with extraordinary growth in which is capable to handle and bring solutions for all business problems. Consulting is currently not well defined; however, it may refer to as giving advice to companies provided by trained professionals who help managers solve operational and strategic problems through the use of their knowledge and systematic analysis of facts and experience. Many specialised practitioners from all industry sectors often refer to themselves as ‘consultants’, in which roles they share knowledge and proffer advice to clients. The teaching of consulting begins its teaching by introducing the art and science of consulting. The reason being is that when coming up with any problems within a business, everything can be approached scientifically and everything can become art (Vidal R. 2006). The message given here believes to indicate that in complex situations to problem solving, it is advisable to use both the scientific and artistic attitudes for a more satisfying result to achieve with the risk of failure been minimized, all the participants been empowered and everybody to have given the chance...
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...Vidyapeeth Deemed University College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra(India) Abstract- The proposed work is part of a project that aims for the control of a mouse based on hand gesture recognition. This goal implies the restriction of real-time response and unconstrained environments. This is basically a vision based skincolour segmentation method for moving hand in real time application [3]. This algorithm is based on three main steps: hand segmentation, hand tracking and gesture recognition from hand features. For the hand segmentation step we use the colour cue due to the characteristic colour values of human [1]. The hands are recognized by the computer using the skin colour as one of the basic features for the hand recognition. The important feature is the accurate segmentation of hands [3]. I. Introduction Nowadays, the majority of the human-computer interaction (HCI) is based on mechanical devices such as keyboards, mouse, joysticks or gamepads. In recent years there has been a growing interest in a class of methods based on computational vision due to its ability to recognise human gestures in a natural way .These methods use as input the images acquired from a camera or from a stereo pair of cameras. The main goal of these algorithms is to measure the hand configuration in each time instant. Our application uses images from a lowcost web camera placed in front of the hand. The hand must be localized in the image and segmented from the background before recognition...
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...— Research Note : Structuring Problems Shoichi INTRODUCTION There lems, and plan. sion oped known On grasp tive are several alternative the risk methods plans, to grasp make prob- Hyakkai make avoid In the making, by C. a decision the decidevelis well there is a gap between the "desirable state" or the goal, and the "actual situation"or the present state. And the present state is the result (output) of activities in the past and it includes not only actual output, but also forecasted output. PROBLEM TYPES can be classified divide and the by various problem ways. patterns The are are in case of problem method, and world. this of implementing solving which B. and was area KT Kepner the hand, Tregoe, all over the other is also and a method make alternaauthority to Problems We into former sometimes regular case problems plan within structually authority by or beyond using the non-regular whose causal problems. strucuture relationships in the This Sato, organization method who system by chart. Prof I. is problems and it is originally has over devoted the developed to the known clear. in advance We call management paper, of we this well-structured for them can can problems. be decided auThe are eductation would method. like 30 years. the In this concept Countermeasures tomatically latter not case clear. to present if problems is problems We call be identified...
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...Essay Writing 2: Planning & Structuring Your Essays Effective Learning Service Essay Writing 2: Planning & Structuring Your Essays University of Bradford, School of Management Essay Writing (2): Planning & Structuring Your Essays ESSAY WRITING (2): PLANNING & STRUCTURING YOUR ESSAYS WHY WRITE ESSAYS? Look for the word ‘essay’ in the dictionary and you will find one meaning listed is ‘to attempt’. An essay is an attempt by you to communicate your arguments or knowledge of a subject to the reader, usually your tutor. The mark awarded is a reflection, not on your intellect generally, but on your ability to communicate your ideas on the subject in question. Many tutors – and students – believe essays help in four ways: Ø They can be a good way to learn. The process of writing will help you clarify your thoughts on a subject or topic Ø They show your tutors that you understand key ideas on any particular subject Ø They are useful as a means of gaining feedback on your academic progress Ø Essays are usually an important part of overall assessment. Essay writing can therefore be viewed in a positive way. However, essays can cause be a source of anxiety to many students, particularly at the start of their academic careers. Many students feel vulnerable when they write and submit essays and feel their intellect generally is subject to official scrutiny. They have plenty of thoughts and ideas inside their heads – but how to get these out in a readable form? This is the challenge...
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...The REA Accounting Model: Intellectual Heritage and Prospects for Progress Cheryl L. Dunn Florida State University William E. McCarthy Michigan State University Send page proofs to: William E. McCarthy Department of Accounting N270 North Business Complex Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge the helpful comments of three anonymous referees and the editor on two earlier versions of this paper. Helpful pointers into the literature were provided by William Schrader and Stephen Zeff. We would also like to acknowledge comments received at the Michigan State University 1995 Summer AIS Colloquium and at the 1995 Workshop on Semantic Modeling of Accounting Phenomena. Financial support was received from Arthur Andersen LLP and from the Departments of Accounting at Grand Valley State University and Michigan State University. The REA Accounting Model: Intellectual Heritage and Prospects for Progress ABSTRACT: Researchers often equate database accounting models in general and the Resources-Events-Agents (REA) accounting model in particular with events accounting as proposed by Sorter (1969). In fact, REA accounting, database accounting, and events accounting are very different. Because REA accounting has become a popular topic in AIS research, it is important to agree on exactly what is meant by certain ideas, both in concept and in historical origin. This article clarifies the intellectual...
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...for gathering data because each system is unique. But there are certain techniques that are commonly used: written materials, interviews, questionnaires, observation, and measuring. • Determining systems requirements This is the beginning sub-phase of analysis. Techniques used in requirements determination have evolved over time to be more structured and, as we will see in this section, current methods increasingly rely on the computer for support. We will first study the more traditional requirements determination methods and progress to more current methods for collecting system requirements. • Traditional and Modern methods for determining system requirements Traditional requirements determination methods include interviewing, using questionnaires, observing users in their work environment, and collecting procedures and other written documents. Modern requirements determination methods are led by the Joint Application Design (JAD) technique. Other new methods are based upon group support systems, computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) tools and prototyping. • Radical methods for determining system requirements In some organizations, management is looking for new ways to perform current tasks. These new ways may be radically different from how things are done now, but the payoffs may be enormous; fewer people may be needed to do the same work, relationships with customers may improve dramatically, and processes...
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...nature of decision processes by prescribing a decision strategy that indicates what action should be chosen initially and what further actions should be selected for each subsequent event that could occur. For instance, a decision strategy might suggest an initial test market for a new product and then, based on the results, either cancel the product, initiate further testing, or begin a full scale marketing and sales effort. Thus, in describing the alternatives, one must simultaneously specify the decision points, events that may occur between them, and the information that can be learned in the process. Decision analysis can be divided into four steps: structuring the problem; formulating inference and preference models; eliciting proba- bilities and utilities; and exploring the numerical model results. Structuring the problem is the most important and difficult part of the analysis process. Trees are the most common decision analytic structures. Decision trees are produced by algorithms that identify various ways of splitting a data set into branch-like segments. These segments form an inverted decision tree that originates with a root node at the top of the tree. The object of analysis is reflected in this root node as a simple, one-dimensional display in the decision tree interface. The name of the field of data that is the object of analysis is usually displayed, along with the spread or distribution of the values that are contained in that field. A decision tree shows...
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...Inventory Management is a necessary Evil General Area: Supply Chain Management (SCM) Problem Area: Inventory Management a necessary Evil Ravi Kumar PGP/17/108 Email: ravik17@iimk.ac.in Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode Abstract This article tries to explore how inventory management is one of the integral part of various business units in today’s business world. There are many modeling techniques available in Inventory management evolving very rapidly over a period of time, which can be used for performing different functions of meeting the customer satisfaction and helping the firms to achieve highly efficient SCM and in turn increase their profit margin. Not just that Inventory management systems have capability of meeting the uncertainty of demand by providing planned and effective way countering these uncertainties. This articles also discuss the critical point of inventory being a necessary evil i.e. with inventory firms have to bear certain cost but without it they can’t beat the demand uncertainties. The current models available however have discussed various issues related with the inventory management in real world but models are evolving to get rid of obsolescence and be competitive. There is lot of potential locked up in these models which can change the way managements make decisions in today’s world. Thus there is scope for applying systems thinking methodology this area and bring out synergies in different applications of Inventory management...
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...RUNNING HEAD: ASIAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS Cultural Paper Asian American adolescents are a culture group, counselors seldom acknowledge in the counseling interventions. Asian Americans are faced with mental illness due to high academic achievement and refugee status. As counselors being culturally competence to Asian Americans can help assist them with their mental devlopement. They are a very distinct ethnic group that should be considered in the counseling profession. Asian Americans differ in methods and time of migration, language, social class, and religion. Many Americans still believe that the United States is the melting pot for all cultures not showing concern for cultures such as Asian Americans, which may find it to be difficult when integrated with other cultures. Counselors must understand the pressure that is place upon cultures, such as the Asian Americans when forced to integrate to the dominant culture. The United States is considered a free place for choosing the religion in which an individual wants to practice, but yet it seem rather biases against the Asian American populations. Counselors can help give back to Asian Americans what has been taken away from them for many years (religion). Due to counselors’ lack of knowledge and awareness of Asian American adolescents this culture is forced to integrate with the dominant culture, which may not be of their preference. The population of this group is growing...
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...Value tree paper Decision analysis assists in the process of structural thinking about decisions and the development of supportive subjective judgments that form a basis for good decisions. There are four main phases involved in the process of decision analysis that is the problem structuring, preference elicitation, recommendation decision and sensitivity analysis. Under the problem structuring phase several issues need to be identified and defined. The first task to be carried out involves context decision definition. For example, this is the stage of identifying a college. After defining the problem, the objectives or objective is defined. For example, to come up with the decision of attending my college, the main objective was to find a college which offers the course that will assist me in gaining access to my career. In addition, the college had to offer that course at an affordable price and be near my place of residence (Howard, & Matheson 2005). The next step involves the generation and identification of decision alternatives. Under this step, I evaluated different colleges which I could attend that offered the same course as the one I needed. After this, a hierarchical model of the objectives is formed. This assists in easily understanding the relationship existing between the objectives more easily. Moreover, a basis for further analysis is also created. Finally, measures are provided so as to identify the extent to which the decision alternatives satisfy...
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...HANH NGUYEN - SHORT WRITING ASSIGNMENT #2 The video Quants - The Alchemists of Wall Street (Marije Meerman, VPRO Backlight 2010) introduced some information about Quants and their roles in Wall Street. As mentioned in the video, a quant said it was a mathematician-led market meltdown, and here he had to apologize to the planet. A statement came from a Wall Street’s quant caught my attention about what and how quants can do in the financial market. Quants are people who specialize in application of mathematical and statistical methods to financial and risk management problems. Then they try to know how to structure and hedge financial securities. One ethic issue of quants that I got from the video is that the intention of Quants in structuring...
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...| 2011 | | Marcela AjaziProfessor WaasMIS 51014 March 2011 | [It Governance] | | Strategy is very critical to any form of organization; IT Governance is defined as the structuring and alignment of IT strategy with business strategy. The structuring also provides successful implementation and achievement of goals as well as measuring IT performance in an organization. IT Governance is important to an organization’s life cycle, especially in this tech savvy era. I think that in order for a company to continue to flourish and expand their success over time, information technology and business strategies should be aligned together in order to stay ahead of their competitors or at least stay on the same page as their competitor’s are to assure that company’s maturity. Additionally, because IT Governance is important, it should be detail orientated towards the size and the regulation of the organization. CIO.com states, “Organizations today are subject to many regulations governing data retention, confidential information, financial accountability and recovery from disasters (Schwartz, 2007).” These are the main drivers that would motivate an organization to implement IT Governance in their infrastructure. I agree with this statement because it is true in its entirety; organizations have so much information that needs to stay confidential from their competitors or to whomever it is not privy to and/or to ensure that a certain organization is within the guidelines of the...
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...TOPic: DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW AND ITS ROLE IN BUSINESS Introduction A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization and help to make decisions, which may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance. Typical information that a decision support application might gather and present are: * Inventories of information assets (including legacy and relational data sources, cubes, data warehouses, and data marts), * Comparative sales figures between one period and the next, * Projected revenue figures based on product sales assumptions. Making decisions concerning complex systems (e.g., the management of organizational operations, industrial processes, or investment portfolios; the command and control of military units; or the control of nuclear power plants) often strains our cognitive capabilities. Even though individual interactions among a system's variables may be well understood, predicting how the system will react to an external manipulation such as a policy decision is often difficult. What will be, for example, the effect of introducing the third shift on a factory floor? One might expect that this will increase the plant's output by roughly 50 percent. Factors such as additional wages, machine weardown, maintenance breaks, raw material usage, supply logistics, and...
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...INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT KOZHIKODE Post Graduate Programme in Management Course Outline Course Title | BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS | Instructors | Dr. Arun Abraham Elias | Course Credit | | Total no. of sessions | 8 | Session Duration | 75 minutes | Term | III | Year | PGP 17, 2013-2015 | Introduction Business research can be described as a systematic and objective process of gathering, recording, and analysing information that assist in managerial decision making. It comprises a series of steps including: identifying the problem or opportunity for research; undertaking a literature review; developing or extending a conceptual or theoretical framework; establishing the research objectives, research questions or hypotheses for testing; preparing a research design; gathering information and data; analysing and interpreting the data and findings; and providing results in a form that will help the manager deal with the situation and/or adds to the business and management literature. In essence, business research provides the needed information that guides managers to make informed decisions to successfully deal with problems or opportunities. This course provides an overview of the research process, and an introduction to a range of methods and approaches utilised in business research. Course Learning Objectives By the end of this course, students should be able to: * Appreciate the importance of the research process inherent in business...
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...In the novels Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson and In Cold Blood by Truman Capote both authors demonstrate their use of characters and their change throughout the novel. In Kidnapped, the characters David and Ebenezer Balfour and the characters Herb Clutter, Perry, and Alvin Dewey in In Cold Blood are dynamic characters because they all undergo a change within the novels. Furthermore, Capote and Stevenson use suspense to promote the character dynamics within the novels. Capote and Stevenson cohesively use suspense with irony, the theme of chase and the overall structure of their novels to illustrate the character dynamics. Suspenseful irony is used to show the change in character throughout the novels. Suspense adds to the theme of chase because the characters try to converge on something they are after. The structure of the novels plays to the authors’ use of suspense in their own styles. Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel, Kidnapped, depicts the adventures of David Balfour in search of his inheritance in the perilous Scottish Highlands in 1751. David comes close to retrieving his inheritance, but his uncle, Ebenezer Balfour, has other plans for David. He tries to kill David by coercing him to climb a rickety, old stair-tower. David barely manages to make it out alive because his uncle has lied to him about the condition of the stairs thus the devious side of Ebenezer Balfour emerges. Ebenezer’s failed attempt to get rid of David calls for the use of his secondary plan involving...
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