...Critically discuss how knowledge of process theories of motivation should influence managing the performance of diverse teams within global organisations. Introduction Employee performance has commonly been shown as the function of ability, motivation and situational circumstances, with this one equation it can now be seen that although having talent within an organisation is important, without motivation employee performance can never be optimised. Motivation is considered the be the driving force behind the behaviours we carry out to achieve a goal, finding and creating the right motivational triggers for an employee can prove troublesome, but it is of the upmost importance if a business wants to become successful (Burford et al 1995; Nhat et al 2013). Theories surrounding the mechanism as to how motivation is precipitated within an individual or group are known as process theories of motivation (Ashleigh and Mansi, 2012). Process theories have been largely influential for organisations who are considering how they can optimise motivation; however with the growth and development of multinational organisations can they still be effectively applied? Hofstede’s (1980) work surrounding the pertinence of American motivational theories in different cultural settings identified several key cultural dimensions which should be taken into account. Of this the Individualism Dimension (IDV) was highlighted as having a prominent effect on how motivational theories could be applied. IDV is characterised...
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...Bernard W. Taylor, III Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Beni Asllani University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Lecture Outline Human Resources and Total Quality Management Changing Nature of Human Resources Management Contemporary Trends in Human Resources Management Employee Compensation Managing Diversity in Workplace Analysis Learning Curves Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-2 1 Human Resources and Operations Management Natural and technology resources depend on the industry Human resources all companies have human resources Skilled human resources Make the difference between successfully competing or failing Shift toward service sector Advances in information technology Manufacturing work is more technically sophisticated Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-3 Human Resources and Total Quality Management Quality Management changed the view about employees from replaceable to valuable resource More than half of Deming’s Deming’ 14 points for quality improvement relate to employees Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award winners have a pervasive human resource focus Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Employee training and education are recognized as necessary long-term investments Employees have power to make decisions that will improve quality and customer service Strategic goals for quality and customer satisfaction require teamwork and group participation 8-4 2 Changing...
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...feel, and do in and around organizations. Organizations- groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. Organizational effectiveness- A broad concept represented by several perspectives, including the organization's fit with the external environment, internal subsystems configuration for high performance, emphasis on organizational learning, and ability to satisfy the needs of key stakeholders. Open systems- A perspective which holds that organizations depend on the external environment for resources, affect that environment through their output, and consist of internal subsystems that transform inputs to outputs. Organizational efficiency- The amount of outputs relative to inputs in the organization's transformation process. Organizational learning- A perspective which holds that organizational effectiveness depends on the organization's capacity to acquire, share, use and store valuable knowledge. Intellectual capital- A company's stock of knowledge, including human capital, structural capital, and relationship capital. Human capital- The stock of knowledge, skills, and abilities among employees that provide economic value to the organization. Structural capital- Knowledge embedded in an organization's systems and structures. Relationship capital- The value derived from an organization's relationships with customers, suppliers, and other. Absorptive capacity- The ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate it, and use it for value-...
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...apply such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. B. Challenges in the Canadian Workplace Page 6 Challenges at the Individual Level 1. Individual Differences 2. Job Satisfaction 3. Motivation 4. Empowerment 5. Behaving Ethically Challenges at the Group Level 1. Working With Others 2. Workforce Diversity Challenges at the Organizational Level o Improving Customer Service o Stimulating Innovation and Change o The Use of Temporary (Contingent) Employees o Improving Quality and Productivity o Developing Effective Employees o Helping Employees with Work-Life Balance o Creating a Positive Work Environment o Responding to Globalization Chapter 2 A. Perception Page 38 What is Perception? • The process by which individuals organize and interpret their impressions to give meaning to their environment. Why is it important? • Because behaviour is based on perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. • The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviourally important. Why we study perceptions? • To better understand how people make attributions about events. We don’t see reality. We interpret what we see and call it reality. The attribution process guides our behaviour, regardless of the truth of the attribution. B. Personality (including tests) Page 46 What is Personality? • • The stable patterns of behaviour and consistent internal states...
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...INTRODUCTION: Leading is said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals. Leading is said to be the heart of management process. Planning, organizing, staffing has got no importance if leadership function does not take place. Leading initiates action and here actual work starts. Leadership is said to be consisting human factors. In simple words, it can be described as providing guidance to workers is doing work. In field of management, leading is said to be all those activities which are designed to encourage the subordinates to work effectively and efficiently. Leading is a key managerial function to be performed by the manager along with planning, organizing, staffing and controlling. From top executive to supervisor performs the function of directing and it takes place accordingly wherever superior-subordinates relation exist. Leading is a continuous process initiated at top level and flows to bottom through organizational hierarchy DEFINITION "Activating deals with the steps a manager takes to get sub-ordinates and others to carry out plans" - Newman and Warren. Leading concerns the total manner in which a manager influences the actions of subordinates. It is the final action of a manager in getting others to act after all preparations have been completed. Characteristics • Elements of Management • Continuing Function • Pervasive Function • Creative Function ...
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...the organization as a whole, and its effect on the organization's functioning and performance. During the course of this semester I never thought that I would learn so much about why companies are the way they are because of their behavioral structure. “Behavior is a product of individual, group, and organizational influences and, as such, we draw upon the concepts and theories of Organizational Behavior (OB) to better understand behavioral processes at these levels.” (Boyd, 2011) Organizational behavior consists of management functions, globalization, managing workforce diversity, organizational behavior, culture, diversity, diversity programs, job satisfaction, emotions in the workplace, leadership, leadership styles, motivation, values, ethics, decision making, types of training, sources of stress, and resisting change. There are a few of these topics that I will discuss and research in this essay. The first topic that I will discuss is motivation in the workplace. Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. Motivation is in fact essential to creativity. Without motivation, mostly everything would not have...
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...Master Thesis Spring Semester 2007 Supervisor: Per Nilsson Authors: Sabine Helou Timo Viitala 830508-T062 790922-T017 How Culture and Motivation Interacts? - A Cross-Cultural Study ~ Acknowledgements ~ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the respondents of Sasken Finland Oy and SYSteam for their participation in our study. Without their involvement this thesis would have never seen the light of day. In addition, we thank our supervisor Per Nilsson for his guidance and advices and Anders Söderholm for his helpful suggestions. Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to John Matthews, Jakub Mulac, and Robin Katoen for their supportive contributions and our friends and family for their support and encouragement. Sincerely, Sabine Helou & Timo Viitala Umeå, May 25, 2007 i ~ Summary ~ SUMMARY Motivating employees is essential for any organization aspiring to succeed. However, the process of motivating is not a straightforward one due to the diversity of individual’s needs. The task has been made even more difficult by the fact that personalized needs have altered in recent years. For instance, in many circumstances financial compensation is not considered as the main motivational factor of employees. Due to its innovative and youthful nature, the Information Technology (IT) industry has been considered to be at the forefront of dealing with organizational issues, such as how to motivate employees. Organizations that lie within this industry...
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...Organizational Behaviour Book Notes Chapter 1 Learning Objectives: 1. Define organizations and describe their basic characteristics. Organization – social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group effort. * Social inventions – coordinated presence of people or a group of people * Goal accomplishment * Group effort – organizations depend on interaction and coordination among people to accomplish their goals. * Organizations are social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group efforts. 2. Explain the concept of organizational behaviour and describe the goals of the field. Organizational Behaviour – the attitudes and behaviours of individuals and groups in organizations. * The field of organizational behaviour is about understanding people and managing them to work effectively. * The field of organizational behaviour is concerned with how organizations can survive and adapt to change. i. Certain behaviours are necessary for survival and adaptation: 1. they have to be motivated to join and remain in the organization; 2. carry out their basic work reliably, in terms of productivity, quality, and service; 3. be flexible to continuously learn and upgrade their knowledge and skills; and 4. be flexible and innovative. * The field of organizational behaviour is concerned with how to get people to practice...
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... 03 2- Task Relationship Between Culture & Structure 10 3- Task Behaviour & Various Factors 13 4- Task Management & Leadership 15 5- Task Different Approaches to Management & Leadership 19 6- Task Identify Various Motivation theories 20 7- Task Benefits and application of motivation theories 22 8- Task Team & Group 24 9- Task Various Factor of Team 28 10- Task Technology 30 References List 31 1. Organisational culture:...
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...HR Manager is assumed at a company that has recently received complaints from employees about a lack of inclusion. An overview for a training program on diversity and inclusion for your organization's first line supervisors will be presented. In addition to a plan for the types of exercises, role-playing, or activities that will maintain participant interest and enhance the learning outcome in the body of the training plan. The utilization of both "Social Learning Theory" and "Adult Learning Theory" will be displayed in this training plan. Provide rationale for the activities and how they relate to the two learning theories. Lastly, I will discuss how this diversity training can modify employee morale, improve workforce inclusion, and lead to more managerial success. Inclusion Methods Inclusion training plays an important role in creating the climate for a diverse workplace. It is important to ensure that everyone embraces inclusion. As an HR manager, if I was informed that an employee felt excluded I would seek improvement, accept feedback and listen to the concerns of all employees, there is always room for growth. A viable option for exclusion would include Team-building activities. Such activities provide an excellent opportunity that promotes employees interaction. Team building activities improve diversity with activities like picnics. I would consider holding a team-building exercise away from the office so that employers would consider inviting their families...
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...organizations. 2. Organizations – Groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. 3. Organizational Effectiveness – A broad concept represented by several perspectives including the organization’s fit with the external environment, internal subsystems configuration for high performance, emphasis on organizational learning and ability to satisfy the needs of key stakeholders. 4. Open Systems – A perspective which holds that organizations depend on the external environment for resources, affect that environment through their output and consist of internal subsystems that transform inputs into outputs. 5. Organizational Efficiency – The amount of outputs relative to inputs in the organization’s transformation process. 6. Organizational Learning – A perspective which holds that organizational effectiveness depends on the organization’s capacity to acquire, share, use and store valuable knowledge. 7. Absorptive Capacity – The ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate it and use it for value-added activities. 8. Intellectual Capital – A company’s stock of knowledge, including human capital and structural capital and relationship capital. 9. Human Capital – The stock of knowledge, skills and abilities among employees that provides economic value to the organization. 10. Structural Capital – Knowledge embedded in an organization’s systems and structures. 11. High Performance Work Practice (HPWP) – A perspective...
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...various factors that contribute to the rising workplace diversity. These include increasing numbers of immigrants, company mergers and joint ventures in different countries, increased engagement of business consultants and temporary employees, international competition and the phenomenon of globalization, which has transformed the world into a global village. Globalization has occurred because of a combination of factors such as improved infrastructure, advancements in technology. Infrastructure and technology have not only provided cheaper means of communication and travel, but have revolutionized the speed at which individuals and businesses communicate with each other. Domestic companies are also spreading their operations to new territories across the globe in search of new markets or outsourcing some aspects of their production process. Management of employee cultural diversity, through the integration of suitable strategies plays a key role in improving the competitive advantage of the business, especially on the global platform. Globalization calls for specific approaches that promote harmonious working relationships within increasingly culturally diverse workplaces. Hansen (2002) observes that workplace diversity is critical to the existence of businesses and identifying key strategies to ensure harmonious working relationships among culturally diverse employees is integral to the survival of any business. Diversity in this case means the differences between individuals...
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...Perception: Meaning and Definition Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information, and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge and experience. Perception includes all those processes by which an individual receives information about the environment-seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling. The study of these perceptual processes shows that their functioning is affected by three classes of variables : the object or event is being perceived, the environment in which the perception occurs, and the individual doing the perceiving. Perception and Behaviour at Work Perception is a complex cognitive process which in sum, is a unique interpretation of a situation not an exact recording of it. It may reveal a picture of the world which is different from reality. Recognition of difference between the perceptual world and the real world is vital to the study of Behaviour at Work. Specific Applications of Perceptions in Organization: * In an interview-selection of the candidate, * Hiring of new employees to the Organization * To note down the realistic job expectations. * Performance Appraisal of the employee * Assessing the employee loyal to the Organization made by the Managers * Creating Favourable impressions about the Organization, employee as well as employer. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy ...
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...between Organizational dynamics and employee attitude | An Indian IT industry Perspective | | | | | | | Contents | Page No. | Introduction | 2 | Organizational design and change in employee outlooks | 3 | Motivation Impact | 5 | Reward system as a driver | 7 | Diversity of Groups & teams | 9 | Stress | 12 | Bibliography | 15 | Introduction Organisational design is the alignment of structure, process, rewards, metrics and talent with the strategy of the business. Companies must assess the competencies needed and the established collaborative structures linking the organization together, and must devise a system for stimulating the demand for solutions, with informed expectations. Organizational dynamics refers to the interaction of different factors that define the organization and how it reacts to changes at a broad level . Employee attitude is dependent on the changes that keep taking place in an organization. The perception of the employees about an organization is ever changing and thus an amiable atmosphere needs to be created for people to work and contribute in the best possible way . This study is focussed on the impact of organizational behaviour in context of the Indian IT industry. We as a group have chosen this topic because all of us have prior work experience in the IT sector and we could easily relate it to the concepts that we studied. Organisational Design and change in employee attitude Organisational design...
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...the coming up situation with the retirement of middle management employees. 2. Document Review 2.1. Industrial Organizational Psychology Industrial and organizational psychology is the scientific study of human behavior in the workplace. I-O psychologists contribute to an organization's success by improving the performance, satisfaction, safety, health and well-being of its employees. An I–O psychologist conducts research on employee behaviors and attitudes, and how these can be improved through hiring practices, training programs, feedback, and management systems. I–O psychologists also help organizations transition among periods of change and development. 2.2. Key areas of I/O Psychology * Training & Development * Employee Selection * Ergonomics * Performance Management * Work Life * Organizational Development 2.3. Various branches in Psychology * Abnormal Psychology * Behavioral Psychology * Biopsy Psychology * Cognitive Psychology * Comparative Psychology * Cross – cultural Psychology * Development Psychology * Educational Psychology * Experimental Psychology * Forensic Psychology 2.3. Organizational or Corporate Culture/Climate Organizational culture is the behavior of humans who are part of an...
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