...With the amount of taxes and laws put forth upon the colonies by its Mother-Country, Britain, economic conflicts in the 1760’s were set to worsen between the two entities. Although conspicuity apparent, this is not the case. Rather such taxation and attempted strain on the economy had little effect on relations between Britain and the colonies compared to political and social controversies and differences Britain's lack of care for the colonies social interests played quickly into effect. Having completely disregarded the colonists of their assistance in the French and Indian War, Britain established the Proclamation of 1763, which prevented colonist movement into the newly attained Ohio River Valley. The idea of not being able to explore...
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...French & Indian War Essay Commencing in 1756 and concluding in 1763, the French & Indian War brought about a series of unfavorable financial, social, and exploratory complications to colonial North America. As taxation intensified and British-colonial tensions brewed due to a prolonged military presence and a general clashing of cultures, expansion west of the proclamation line of 1763 became a problematic activity for settlers, as British management over the land westward of the boundary produced a monopoly on the administration and purchase of terrain, ultimately generating yet another source of discontentment for American colonists. Pooled together, these frustrations would later fashion the groundwork for what would become the American Revolutionary War. The French & Indian War rattled the economic framework of Britain so severely that it became forced to alleviate the weight of its debt through taxation upon the colonies. The Crown began to implement harsher policies as well as enforce preexisting ones, so as to quench the costs of war and British military occupation within North America. Products such as potash, wine, and silk became commodities difficult to acquire, as the fee to import them skyrocketed to undesirable heights. The Revenue Act of 1764, dubbed by the colonists as “The Sugar Act”, was a British-led effort to crack down on trade regulations, seeing as how most colonial merchants neglected the procedures and prices on the transacting of products...
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...British would burn the American colonist that could not afford the taxes (Document C). The Boston Massacre is a good reason to separate from britain. The soldier killed five unarmed kids and adults that were taunting them, trained military men killed five men, women, and kids (Document F). There was violence for no reason on those people, even if they can not pay for their taxes or just insulting the trained soldiers there should have not been. I believe that the American Colonist were justified in breaking away from England because of lack of land. The Proclamation of 1763 is where the colonist could not go west of the Appalachian Mountains (Document A). Do to the Proclamation of 1763 the colonist could not move west to have a bigger property when they fought for that land against the French, but they could not use it when the colonist won. The lack of land helped the colonist want to break away from Britain (Background Essay). Were Colonist right from wanting war and breaking away from Britain? The British were not fair to the Colonist, invading British right, violence, and lack of land. It is important now that the Americans broke away because the British would still have control of America. It is important today because we do not know how America would have ended up it could be awful and could still have all those unfair acts still active, that is why it is important today. ...
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...French and Indian war DBQ Essay The French and Indian war was fought to end conflict in America. When it ended it might have appeared that the relations between Great Britain and the English colonists in America would now be put more firmly than ever. They both fought together in a war against the French and its Indian allies, and won very important victories that would allow them to expand the size of the British Empire; but at the end of the war it would alter the relationship between them. As a result of the French and Indian war the relations between Britain and its American colonies were altered in many ways, politically, economic and ideologically. Even though the British and the American colonists had many amazing victories against the French and its Indian allies and was therefore going to bring good to the colonies, but it actually did the opposite. This war altered the economical relations between American colonists and Britain. It was very costly for Britain, even if it brought to its power more land and power, and to cover the costs something had to be done to do so. British of course had to do something to get money to pay its huge war debt and it started directly taxing the colonist, it was doing so by passing several acts.(doc. F). To do so, Britain started passing several acts that made American colonists angry. One of those acts was the stamp act (doc G); it was a law that stated that you had to buy stamps for ships’ papers and legal documents. A lot of people...
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...CHAPTER 3 America in the British Empire ANTICIPATION/REACTION Directions: Before you begin reading this chapter, place a check mark beside any of the following seven statements with which you now agree. Use the column entitled “Anticipation.” When you have completed your study of this chapter, come back to this section and place a check mark beside any of the statements with which you then agree. Use the column entitled “Reaction.” Note any variation in the placement of checkmarks from anticipation to reaction and explain why you changed your mind. Anticipation Reaction _____ 1. _____ 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. The British government usually left American colonists to make their own laws pertaining to local matters. American colonial trade was severely crippled by British trade laws. The European Enlightenment had little influence on the thought of American colonists. Because they were part of the British empire, colonists were constantly involved in England’s imperial wars with France and Spain. Parliament taxed the American colonists as a way to express its authority over them, not because it needed. the money. Colonists protested the Sugar Act and Stamp Act as violations of their rights as Americans. Colonists protested the Tea Act because it threatened to raise the price of tea. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading Chapter 3 you...
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...Historical Essay: Confederation and Constitution By History 405 Professor Aimee James January 26th, 2015 Historical Essay: Confederation and Constitution Confederation and Constitution As Colonial America moved from civil disobedience to open war with Britain, the States, at the behest of the Colonial Congress, started drafting constitutions and in the process “became laboratories for constitutional experimentation” ( Keene 120). The need to ensure a strong union and to ensure that it was strong enough to deal with both internal and external issues drove the colonies to send delegates to Albany to draft the Articles of Confederation. Ratified in 1781, the Articles of Confederation framed a new United States of America. The Articles of Confederation did not create a national government, “but rather a firm league of friendship” (Keene 121). Ultimately a fear of recreating the issues that were driving them from British rule shaped the Articles of Confederation and created a weak government with little power. It setup a national legislature called Congress where each state had one vote. It had no power to levy taxes, regulate commerce or otherwise interfere with the States. It could create money and declare war or peace. Notably any changes or amendments required a unanimous vote of Congress and “because of its weaknesses, Alexander Hamilton and other delegates called for a convention to be held in Philadelphia to improve and amend the Articles” (Articles of confederation...
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...Essay #1 History The War of Independence was precipitated by various economic, political and social trends. The political trends emerged during the first half of the eighteenth century. The economic trends became readily apparent a decade before the American colonies rebelled against Britain. The social trends were best exemplified by implementation of the Quebec Act in 1774. A combination of all of these trends led to increasingly widespread resistance among the American colonies, which gave rise to rebellion followed ultimately by revolution. During the first half of the eighteenth century the political trends emerged. The Americans’ experience with government by actual representation caused extreme scepticism of British Parliamentary government claims to virtual representation. However, the most direct political confrontations during this period of time focused on the role of the governors. The governors were appointed by the king or the proprietor, and therefore the governors’ interests were directed towards their British patrons and not the American colonies which they represented. Governors exercised great power over the colonial assemblies. These contradictory political ties with the British empire did not prevent rapid expansion of British settlement by the middle of the eighteenth century. At the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, which culminated in British victory, a great patriotic devotion to the British empire spread among the...
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...MABM217 Аз-наративът в британската и американската литература MARINO MARZIALI - F81122 Thomas Paine, Common sense The ideological weapon for the independence of the USA The years before the American Revolution knew the intensification of the political and cultural debate among the colonies. After the Treaty of Paris of 1763 the relations with England were quite complicated because of the new tax policy and administration of the motherland. The new laws clearly represented a change of direction in the management and especially in the conception of the colonies by the British government. The harsh protests and riots that started overseas showed that the colonists insinuated a doubt about the intentions of England, whose behavior was seen as a direct attack against their freedom. In the atmosphere of the colonial debate there were two main options on the positions to take regarding the facts. Many still supported the need for a reconciliation with England, either for the tradition that it bound the colonies or for the protection of trade and security of the American continent. So the fear and uncertainty to be an independent nation in the future restrained settlers' minds. More and more, on the other hand, were the voices, who courageously invoke the separation from the motherland as the only real alternative for the development and prosperity of the colonies. Therefore, the idea of independence had been circulating in the debates and private conversations, but before January...
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...devastating in the winter Who said, “ I have not yet begun to fight.” John Paul Jones What did George Washington do after war? Went back home at Mount Vernon How many states were needed to approve the Articles of Confederation? 13 The final authority in the Federal System is… Constitution/Judicial What are checks and balances? A system that limits power between the three branches of government What are Federalists? People who supported a strong central government therefore they were the ones who also favored the constitution. What was America’s first constitution? Articles of Confederation What happens in a depression? The economy goes down and most people are jobless. What were the Federalist Papers? An 85 page essay, trying to get New York to ratify the Constitution What is the most distinctive feature of the US Government? Separation of Powers The president can check congress through what? Veto What was the most important crop in Jamestown? Tabaco What is pacifist? A person who believes that violence and war is unjustifiable Why were separatists called pilgrims? They were the separatists in England and Pilgrims in the colonies. What type of relationship did the French have with the Native Americans? The strongest of anyone else How were the Indians paid for the island of Manhattan? $24 of beads and trinkets New England practiced what type of farming? Subsistence farming What is a militia? Non-Professional Army How did...
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...The United States was not always as what is seen today. Before 1776, the United States was merely thirteen colonies that were controlled under British rule. These colonies believed they were not being treated fairly so they began to rebel. These rebellions eventually led to war; the Revolutionary War. The colonists’ victor over Great Britain in the Revolutionary War resulted in independence for the colonies. This essay will explain why the thirteen colonies rebelled against Britain and how they were able to win their independence. Before the United States of America was its own country with fifty states, America was ruled by Great Britain. Under this British rule were the thirteen colonies. As of 1775, the thirteen colonies were British colonies...
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...KEY CONCEPTS Part I: Modern Politics: State and Citizens You will find listed below the key concepts for each lecture and chapters from the text. These concepts are what you will be tested on. They will appear on the midterm quiz, in the form of multiple choice questions and in the final exam will be the basis of both the short answer and longer essay questions. Please note that some of the concepts listed under lectures are also covered in the readings, sometimes in more than one chapter. Lec. 1-2 What is Politics? Concepts from the Lecture: Politics ‘Polis’ Plato Machiavelli Modern Age Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Concepts from the Texts: ‘Simile of the Cave’ ‘fortuna’ philosopher-king Behavioural Approach Class Analysis Elite theory Pluralism Institutionalism ‘Power to’ vs. ‘Power over’ Lec. 3 What is the State? Concepts from the Lecture: Treaty of Westphalia Social Contract Legal-institutionalism Branches of State Levels of State Elitism Pluralism Additional Concepts from the Texts: Night Watchman State Neo-liberal state Welfare State Liberal Democracy Lec. 4 The State: Power, Authority, and Sovereignty Concepts from the Lectures and Readings: Power Authority Sovereignty Weber’s Typology of Authority Concepts from Readings: See Lec. 3 concepts Lec. 5 Political Ideologies: Liberalism Concepts from the Lecture Ideology Left vs. Right ideologies John Locke/ Two Treatises of Government J.S...
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...The Canadian State: Institutions and Structures The Constitution is very import in the context of the canadian state however it is not without controversy. As there has been many significant changes to fundamental rights Operational Institutions Westminster Style Parliamentary Government: derives from the british parliament in Britain meaning that we have an adversarial government. This can be expressed in the parliamentary structure of the house of commons (adversarial and conflict). High expectations of accountability in the formal legalities. The government must retain the confidence of the house (budget proposals) -legislative process: see above -party discipline: is linked to the idea of confidence, it operates through out the system. The general expectation is that members will vote along party lines. Pros: Accountability meaning that you know who is power and responsible for certain parts of the government, higher level of efficiency, fiscal and budgetary concerns, Cons: Can not always vote according to beliefs and values, inefficiency Federalism: Important driver of politics within Canada. To what extent are the types of different conflicts between the different levels of conflicts. Another reason why federalism exists is due in large part to the question of Quebec and the allocation of powers between french canada and the rest of the country. The Canadian State: Sovereignty 1867: Constitution Act, 1867 (BNA) 1926: The King-Byng Thing 1926: Nadan...
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...The international community has not legally admonished the United States for genocidal acts against Native Americans, yet it is clear that examples of genocidal acts and crimes against humanity are a well-cited page in U.S. history. Notorious incidents, such as the Trail of Tears, the Sand Creek Massacre, and the massacre of the Yuki of northern California are covered in depth in separate entries in this encyclopedia. More controversial, however, is whether the colonies and the United States participated in genocidal acts as an overall policy toward Native Americans. The Native-American population decrease since the arrival of Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus alone signals the toll colonization and U.S. settlement took on the native population. Scholars estimate that approximately 10 million pre-Columbian Native Americans resided in the present-day United States. That number has since fallen to approximately 2.4 million. While this population decrease cannot be attributed solely to the actions of the U.S. government, they certainly played a key role. In addition to population decrease, Native Americans have also experienced significant cultural and proprietary losses as a result of U.S. governmental actions. The total effect has posed a serious threat to the sustainability of the Native-American people and culture. Ideological Motivations Two conflicting yet equally harmful ideologies significantly influenced U.S. dealings with Native Americans. The first sprang from...
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...TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE HISTORY SUBMITTED BY: HIPOLITO, KRISTEL J. 10th century Year | Date | Event | 900 | | End of prehistory. Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the earliest known Philippine document, is written in the Manila area in Kawi script. | | | Rise of Indianized Kingdom of Tondo around Manila Bay. | 11th century Year | Date | Event | 1000 | | People from Southern Annam called Orang Dampuan establish trade zones in Sulu | 1001 | | Song Shih document records tributary delegation from the Buddhist Kingdom of Butuan on 17 March. | 12th century Year | Date | Event | 1175 | | Kingdom of Namayan reaches its peak. | 13th century Year | Date | Event | 1240 | | Tuan Masha'ika, an Arab, travels and introduces Islam to Sulu. | 14th century Year | Date | Event | 1380 | | Karim Al-Makhdum arrives in Jolo and builds a Mosque. | 1400 | | Birth of the Baybayin, Hanunoo, Tagbanwa, and Buhid scripts from Brahmi. | 15th century Year | Date | Event | 1457 | | Sultanate of Sulu founded by Sharif Al-Hashim.[1] | 16th century Year | Date | Event | 1500 | | Rise of Kingdom of Maynila under the Bolkiah dynasty | 1521 | 16 March | Ferdinand Magellan lands on Homonhon with three small ships, named the Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria. Magellan calls the place the Arcigelago de San Lazaro since March 16 is the feast day of Saint Lazarus | | 28 March | Magellan reaches the Philippines | | 29 March | Blood Compact between Magellan and Rajah...
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...AS LEVEL Specification HISTORY A H105 For first assessment in 2016 ocr.org.uk/alevelhistorya We will inform centres about any changes to the specification. We will also publish changes on our website. The latest version of our specification will always be the one on our website (ocr.org.uk) and this may differ from printed versions. Copyright © 2014 OCR. All rights reserved. Copyright OCR retains the copyright on all its publications, including the specifications. However, registered centres for OCR are permitted to copy material from this specification booklet for their own internal use. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations is a Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England. Registered company number 3484466. Registered office: Hills Road 1 Cambridge CB1 2EU. OCR is an exempt charity. Contents Introducing… AS Level History A (from September 2015) Teaching and learning resources iv Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 1 1a. Why choose an OCR qualification? 1 1b. Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 2 1c. What are the key features of this specification? 3 1d. 2 iii Professional Development 1 ii How do I find out more information? 3 4 2a. Overview of AS Level in History A (H105) 4 2b. Content of AS Level in History A (H105) 5 2c. Content of unit group 1: British period study and enquiry (Units Y131 to Y143) 8 2c. ...
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