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Product Development

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Means-end Chain
A way to describe how a product interacts with the consumer
Breaks down into 3 Areas, within each are 2 subgroups:
Attributes – What is the product? * Concrete: Tangible aspects? * Abstract: Intangible aspects?
Benefits – What it delivers to the consumer? * Functional: What does it do? * Psycho-Social: Consumers thoughts on it? What they think others will think of it?
Values – What does it aid the consumer in doing? * Instrumental: Short term goals, does it helps consumer to achieve these? * Terminal: Long term or life goals, does it help consumer to achieve these?
Not only allows marketers to see how a product interacts with the consumer but where advantages may exist in relation to similar products.
There are different models which could be used to analyse the Unilever’s brand performance. Such as the means-end chain might be used to analyse which brand appeals to customers and which benefits them. This might also be used to see which brand/product has good communication with customers and which one is weak.
New Product Development Model

* Idea stage (Ready) * Development stage (Aim) * Implementation stage (Fire)
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix
Helps to analyse portfolio of their products, brands or business overall performance
Analyses a product using two dimensions – first looks at relative market share of product compared to competitors – Second, uses rate of market growth to identify whether the product is in a fast or slow growth market.

Four categories:
Star: a product with a high market share of a fast-growing market – generates highest profit over time – however, require continual investment to sustain performance.
Cash cow: product with a high market share of a slow-growth or mature market – Firms should have one or more of these – have the advantage of proving strong,

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