...In this paper an excerpt titled “Theoretical” from Engels’ Anti-Dhüring will be examined in reference to Engels’ ideologies regarding materialism, the social work order, and the fundamental problems confronted in the clash between the social production and capitalist appropriation. In the chapter titled Theoretical, Engels lays out the basic conflict between what we know as socialism and capitalism, doing so by first examining what he calls the “Materialist conception of history” (Engels 1939, p. 292). In his materialistic history he claims that the exchange and bartering of products, and their production is the “basis of every social order” (Engels 1939, p. 292). He states that in every society that has ever appeared in history, the distribution and production of goods and the division of society into estates and classes is “determined by what [and how it] is produced… and the exchange of [said] product.” (Engels 1939, p.292) Thus, according to Engels, the basis of our society revolves around production, and consumption, which can clearly be seen even today. Historical Materialism can then be defined as the forces of production, the exchanges of products, and the division of labor according to one’s ability to produce. However in society, often people live from the work of others often called the Bourgeoisie by Engels (p. 292), and it is because of the capitalist mode of production that such a ruling class could be created, and benefit from the work of others. It is here then...
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...water seen one day is never the same as that seen the next. Some of it is constantly being evaporated and drawn up, to return as rain. From year to year these changes may be scarcely perceptible. But one day, when the banks are thoroughly weakened and the rains long and heavy, the river floods, bursts its banks, and may take a new course. This represents the dialectical part of Marx’s famous theory of dialectical (or historical) materialism." Historical materialism is a methodological approach to the study of society, economics, and history first articulated by Karl Marx (1818–1883) as the materialist conception of history. It is a theory of socioeconomic development according to which changes in material conditions (technology and productive capacity) are the primary influence on how society and the economy are organised. Historical materialism looks for the causes of developments and changes in human society in the means by which humans collectively produce the necessities of life. Social classes and the relationship between them, plus the political structures and ways of thinking in society, are founded on and reflect contemporary economic activity. Since Marx's time, the theory has been modified and expanded by thousands of Marxist thinkers. It now has many Marxist and non-Marxist variants. Objectives of Study: • To define Historical Materialism. • To discuss about the basic philosophy behind the concept of historical Materialism by Karl Marx. • To study...
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...such as oil and minerals beneath it. The natural resources that is available without alteration or effort on the part of humans. Land as a resource includes only unique fertility and mineral deposits, topography, climate, water and vegetation. Trees grown are not categorized as land because they have been deliberately grown on the other hand Trees in a natural rainforest are a natural resource and thus classify as land. The reward for letting others use land is called rent. · Labor: In order to produce the things, a human resource must be used. human resources consist of the productive aid of labor made by individuals who work—for instance, miners, artists, and professional baseball players. The contribution of labor to the production process can be amplified. Whenever potential workers obtain schooling and training and whenever actual workers acquire new skills, labor’s contribution to productive output will raise. In other words it is human effort, mental or physical. The reward to labor is label wages. · Capital: When labor is applied to land to grow wheat, for instance, something else is used. Generally it is a plow or a tractor. That is to say, land and labor are shared with manufactured resources in order to produce the things that we need. These manufactured resources are called capital, which consists of machines, buildings, and tools. Additionally, capital consists of enhancement to natural resources, such as...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1. Status and Nature of Business 4 2. Slogan of DMG 4 3. Vision and Mission 4 4. Group Behavior 5 5. Job Performance and Satisfaction 6 6. DIN Media Group Work in Groups 6 7. Establish Guidelines For Performance And Satisfaction 7 8. Resolving Problems for Satisfaction 8 9. Working In Groups Online Performance 9 1.10. Guidelines for Online Group Work Performance 9 2. Group Behaviour Model 9 1. Forming 9 2. Storming 11 3. Norming 12 4. Performing 13 3. Evaluation of Four Components 15 4. Findings Work Group: 17 4.1. Work Group Performance and Satisfaction 17 5. Conclusion 18 6. References 19 1.0 INTRODUCTION Din Media Group currently publishing Daily Din from Karachi-Lahore and Rawalpindi/Islamabad is preparing to launch a 24 hour news channel, English Daily The Sun, Urdu Late Morning 'World Press1, Evening Paper 'Maghrib', Fortnightly Tabeer' & Twelve Magazines on different topics from Karachi, Sukhar, Multan, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Peshawar. The channel will be viewed in Asia, Europe, Canada and United States of America. Fortnightly Tabeer will be distributed at 1 million commercial centers absolutely free. It will also be available to the Urdu readers of UK, Canada and DMG. DIN...
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...OrContents Part III/ The usefulness of motivational theory for managers. 2 1. Distinction between Maslow’s Theory and Hertzberg’s Theory of motivation 2 2. Application for Manager 3 3. Apply to LG Electronics 4 Part IV. Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organizations 4 4.1. Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations. 4 A. Definition 4 1. Group and group behavior 4 2. Group norms 7 3. Group decision-making 8 4. Group contribution 10 5. Formal and Informal group 11 6. Advantages and disadvantages of informal organisation 12 B. Apply in LG Electronics: 13 4.2: The factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organizations 13 A: Definition 13 4.1.1: Inhibit the Group 14 4.1.2: Successful teamwork 16 B: Application for LGE 20 4.3 Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organization 22 A: Definition 22 4.3.1 The importance of technology in business 23 4.3.2 The important of technology in team 23 4.3.3. Virtual teams of technology 24 4.3.4 Critical Success Factors of Virtual Teams 26 B: Application 27 CONCLUSION 30 Part III/ The usefulness of motivational theory for managers. 1. Distinction between Maslow’s Theory and Hertzberg’s Theory of motivation | Maslow’s Theory of Motivation | Hertzberg’s Theory of Motivation | Meaning | Maslow’s theory is based on the concept of human needs and their satisfaction. | Hertzberg’s theory is based...
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...UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING OF CLOTHES A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of [MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION] BY AMAN AGGARWAL Register No. 1528606 Under the guidance of Prof. DILIP CHANDRA Institute of Management Christ University, Bangalore March 2016 DECLARATION I, Aman Aggarwal, hereby declare that the documentation titled “UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING OF CLOTHES” is submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award for the award of the MBA (Marketing) is my sole project work and has been carried out under the guidance of Prof. Dilip Chandra, Professor, Christ University, Bangalore. I also declare that this dissertation has not been submitted for any degree, diploma or fellowship or any other title in this University or any other university. Place: Date: Aman Aggarwal Reg. No. 1528606 CUIM, Main Campus (ii) CERTIFICATE- FACULTY GUIDE This is to certify that this research report on “UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING OF CLOTHES” is a bona fide work of Aman Aggarwal, under my guidance and support. This research report is a part of MBA (Marketing). The work done and content is genuine with respect to the information and data collected. Place: Date: Prof. Dilip Chandra Professor CUIM (iii) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who helped me to accomplish this dissertation successfully. First,...
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...Changing Consumer Behaviour in India Possibly the most challenging concept in the marketing is to deal with understanding the consumer behaviour. The changes that occurred in consumer behaviour of India post liberalization . There are many factors that are affect the consumer behaviour and strategies should be formed to adopt those changes and achieve the long term growth and success. The attitude of Indian consumers has undergone a major transformation over the last few years. The Indian consumer today wants to lead a life full of luxury and comfort. He wants to live in present and does not believe in savings for the future. An important and recent development in India’s consumerism is the emergence of the rural market for several basic consumer goods. Consumer behavior is affected by a lot of variables, ranging from personal motivations, needs, attitudes and values, personality characteristics, socio-economic and cultural background, age, sex, professional status to social influences of various kinds exerted by family, friends, colleagues and society as a whole. We have developed a HSSE model that is: Health, Safety, Sophistication and Environment of Indian consumer. It is found that that today’s consumers strictly follow their culture, tradition and values, as a result of which foreign companies were forced to give an Indian touch to them in order to succeed in India. McDonalds, MTV, Pepsi, Star TV, Coca Cola India and many more had to Indianise themselves...
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...Center of International Programs International Cultural Exchange School Donghua University Undergraduate Research Project: Motivations for impulsive buying behavior and the effective marketing strategies selling grocery products Case: CITY SHOP By: Ilja Khanan Nationality: Germany Major Business Administration Student ID: 113110246 Supervisor: Nikola Zivlak Date: June 2014 Abstract For over sixty years, marketers and consumer researchers have studied Impulsive-buying behavior. Today, 30 to 60% of all purchases are impulsive in the USA (Crawford & Melewar 2003) for different product categories and it is considered to have a $4.2 billion annual volume. That’s why it is becoming more important for marketers to understand how people can be influenced when shopping in order to increase revenues and profits. Millions of dollars are spent on in-store marketing efforts. Over the years, different models have been created for marketers to better understand the key drivers that lead to impulsive buying. This dissertation is written for the retailer or marketer who will adjust their marketing strategies to capture the opportunities of the consumer impulse purchases. This dissertation focuses on City shop and the strategies they use to encourage impulsive buying behavior. The thesis will cover the following topics in regard to impulsive buying: - Factors and influences that lead to impulsive buying behavior? - The different promotional...
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...High Educ (2009) 58:563–584 DOI 10.1007/s10734-009-9216-y Groupwork as a form of assessment: common problems and recommended solutions W. Martin Davies Published online: 20 March 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract This paper reviews some of the literature on the use of groupwork as a form of assessment in tertiary institutions. It outlines the considerable advantages of groupwork but also its systemic associated problems. In discussing the problems, the paper considers issues such as ‘‘free riding’’ and the ‘‘sucker effect’’, issues associated with ethnic mix in groups, and the social dilemma problem—in which students face conflicting demands between altruism and self-interest. The paper then outlines several models of effective groupwork and makes suggestions for implementing groupwork tasks. The paper also looks at the key assessment tasks which are commonly employed—namely, additive, conjunctive, disjunctive and discretionary tasks—and assesses which are most suited to groupwork. The paper considers the related issues of task complexity, recognition for effort, and strategies for minimising issues concerning group size. The paper also briefly considers strategies for implementing incentives for groupwork members, and outlines the issue of penalties for unproductive group members. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for how to maximise the advantages of groupwork while trying to minimise the disadvantages. Keywords ...
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...February 05, 2013 Strategy from the Outside In: Profiting from Customer Value Write-Up - Part II I. Introduction In Strategy from the Outside In: Profiting from Customer Value, George S. Day and Christine Moorman use research to determine business strategies that separate successful from unsuccessful firms. This write-up shall have a section, titled § II. Brief Summary, which outlines each chapter in Chapters 7 through 13, including the conclusion. This write-up shall also have a section, titled III. Application, which shall apply the material from § II. Brief Summary to a firm (hereinafter "Firm A") with which I worked as a business consultant. Firm A is a multi-national holding company that specializes in acquiring, supporting, and growing its subsidiary companies through accelerated organic growth as well as through acquisitions and/or strategic joint ventures and divestitures. II. Brief Summary Chapter 7. The Third Imperative: Capitalize on the Customer as an Asset For a firm, the profitability of the customer asset - the sum of the discounted long-term profits associated with the customer's purchases and referrals - is based on three principles. First, that a firm must distinguish between behavioral loyalty – the frequency of customer purchases from a firm when a need arises – and attitudinal loyalty – an attachment to the firm and/or its specific products or services. Second, that a firm must manage customers to engage in behaviors that directly...
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...Emotions and Logic in Consumerism Abstract Consumer purchase decisions are often linked to emotions and can lead to impulse and uninformed buying behavior. This creates a problem for marketers who rely on emotional appeals to increase sales. In order for businesses to grow in today’s economy, they must acquire new customers and at the same time retain the old ones. Research indicates that in order for advertising to be most effective in acquiring and retaining new customers, these emotions must also be linked to logic. This paper examines how marketers are using emotions and logic to generate the most sales and retain more customers. Emotions and Logic in Consumerism Advertising can be seen in virtually every aspect of our lives, and is almost inescapable. We encounter it on billboards, radio, every internet site, magazines, cell phone applications, clothing, television, restrooms, gas pumps, and many more sites. This year in the United States, Black Friday sales hit over $1 billion in online sales. The average cost for a 30 second time slot for a Super Bowl commercial was $3.5 million, according to USA Today. Psychologists, marketers and business people worldwide are interested in why consumers consume. What is the driving force behind why someone will spend so much more money on Black Friday as opposed to other days out of the year? And how can a business better exploit these consumers in order to make more money? With so much money involved in our consumption...
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...Consumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); • The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his or her environment (e.g., culture, family, signs, media); • The behavior of consumers while shopping or making other marketing decisions; • Limitations in consumer knowledge or information processing abilities influence decisions and marketing outcome; • How consumers’ motivation and decision strategies differ between products, that differ in their level of importance or interest that they entail for the consumer; and • How marketers can adapt and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies...
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...international environmental groups such as World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and local organisations such as the Auckland Zoo (over the potential loss of Orang-utan forest habitat to palm oil plantations). The negative publicity from the palm oil debate created damaging ‘noise’ for Cadbury’s ongoing worldwide ethical brand building efforts and its high profile announcements that it would shortly be using the Fairtrade logo for the flagship Dairy Milk brand in key global markets, including Australia and New Zealand (Fairtrade Foundation 2009). Less than three months later Cadbury caved into the conservationists’ demands and reversed their palm oil policy (e.g. New Zealand Herald 17th August 2009). This case study illustrates the relevance of buyer behaviour theories...
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...Good and poor examples of executive summaries This is a GOOD example from an Accounting & Finance assignment. Footnote Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective profitability, liquidity and financial stability of Outdoor Equipment Ltd. Methods of analysis include trend, horizontal and vertical analyses as well as ratios such as Debt, Current and Quick ratios. Other calculations include rates of return on Shareholders Equity and Total Assets and earnings per share to name a few. All calculations can be found in the appendices. Results of data analysed show that all ratios are below industry averages. In particular, comparative performance is poor in the areas of profit margins, liquidity, credit control, and inventory management. The report finds the prospects of the company in its current position are not positive. The major areas of weakness require further investigation and remedial action by management.Recommendations discussed include: improving the average collection period for accounts receivable· improving/increasing inventory turnover· reducing prepayments and perhaps increasing inventory levels The report also investigates the fact that the analysis conducted has limitations. Some of the limitations include: forecasting figures are not provided nature and type of company is not known nor the current economic conditions data limitations as not enough information is provided or enough detail...
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...Fortune Magazine’s 100 Best Companies To Work For MGT 415: Group Behavior in Organizations Professor Catherine Piepenbrink June 2, 2014 In reviewing the most recent results of FORTUNE Magazine's annual ranking of America's “100 Best Companies to Work For”, we look at three of the companies noted. In reviewing the descriptions of the work environments, we will identify elements that appear to foster employee motivation and group cohesion among employees. Also, we will relate this analysis to the material presented in our text. Company 1: Boston Consulting Group (#3) Boston Consulting Group’s career page seems focused on team member individuality, diverse backgrounds that benefit the group or team as a whole. Teams are created for each client, each team member’s education and experiences becoming a piece to the puzzle of finding a way to fulfill the clients needs. Boston Consulting Group boasts they value ideas of individuals and their teamwork over seniority and hierarchy. This gives the consultants at Boston Consulting Group a sense of equality and cohesiveness, opening the door for more input and ideas being shared. They appear to be women and minority focused, having initiatives listed for many different groups (Asian, Black, Hispanic, Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transsexual and Women). By having a large diversity, they are able to meet client’s needs from all areas of business, all over the world. This gives a welcoming...
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