...The role of gender in workplace stress: A critical literature review Kristina 1 Gyllensten and Stephen 2 Palmer Abstract Objective The aim of this review was to evaluate research relating to the role of gender in the level of workplace stress. A further aim was to review literature relating to stressors of particular relevance to working women. These stressors included, multiple roles, lack of career progress and discrimination and stereotyping. Design Systematic review. Method Major databases were searched in order to identify studies investigating gender and workplace stress. A range of research designs included and no restrictions were made on the basis of the occupations of the participants. Results Much of the research indicated that women reported higher levels of stress compared to men. However, several studies reported no difference between the genders. Furthermore, the evidence for the adverse effects of multiple roles, lack of career progress and discrimination and were stereotyping was inconsistent. Conclusion The current review concluded that the evidence regarding the role of gender in workplace stress and stressors was inconsistent. Limitations of the research were highlighted and implications for practice were discussed. Key words: workplace stress, gender, stressors Introduction Workplace stress Stress in the workplace is a major problem for both organisations and employees, and it has been estimated that approximately 13.4...
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...Tourism Organization : Bharath University, Chennai, India Phone* : +91 98401 38210 Paper Title* : Occupational Stress at Work Author Profile – Sangeetha Rajagurusamy Educational Qualification: M.Sc., M.Phil Experience: 12+ years – Teaching and Research in Hospitality and allied industries Current Responsibility: HOD, Hospitality and Tourism Dept, Bharath University ABSTRACT: This paper attempts to probe the contributors and management of stress among women in different levels of occupation. The seventeenth centaury has been called the age of enlightment, eighteenth, the age of reason, the nineteenth the age of progress and the twentieth, the age of stress and anxiety. According to a survey conducted it was found that, four out of ten employees state that their jobs are "very" or "extremely" stressful. Those in high-stress jobs are three times more likely than others to suffer from stress-related medical conditions and are twice as likely to quit. The study states that women, in particular, report more stress related to the conflict between work and family. INTRODUCTION: Occupational stress is stress involving work. Stress is defined in terms of its physical and physiological effects on a person, and can be a mental, physical or emotional strain. It can also be a tension or a situation or factor that can cause stress. Occupational stress can occur when there is a discrepancy between the demands of the environment/workplace and an individual’s...
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...comprising 47% of all humanitarian entrants (Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, 2003). Humanitarian immigrants present higher levels of stress and socialisation problems when compared to other migrant entrants (MacLennan, 1997). A significant portion of humanitarian entrants have ran from circumstances involving great violence and exhibit trauma, economic turmoil, loss of family and social networks, and significant breaks from education or work (Kline &Mone, 2003). Refugees tend to have experienced war and famine (Adams et al, 2004) and these experiences have led them to experience substantially trauma, involving physical and mental torture, sexual abuse, and other distressing conditions (Neuner et al, 2004). According to Farwell (2004), experiencing trauma during war and economic troubles leads to their mental turmoil. Experiencing and witnessing violence is connected to an array of various deliberating psychological effects such as anxiety, depression, substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (Silove, 2001). Psychological distress related to psychosomatic disorders, grief and questioning the meaning of life areexhibited to a lesser extend as a result of such experiences (Silove, 1999., Steel, 1991). Refugees who had their life threatened tend to experience post traumatic stress disorder (Momartin et al, 2004) and refuges who had experienced four or more traumatic circumstances had a significantly higher rate of anxiety, depression,...
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...not encounter. D/HoH adolescents especially tend to have less positive notions about themselves. Often they feel isolation and alienation from peers in inclusive classrooms because of the language barrier. Due to this, social interactions that could foster feelings of belonging and friendship with hearing peers are limited. During adolescent, children tend to shift their allegiance from their family to their peers. Peers provide them with social support and validate their self-worth. The D/HoH student who is unable to establish positive social interactions will most likely have trouble with his or her self-esteem, self-concept, and the ability to self-advocate. Audiologists can provide personal adjustment counseling to their clients who are dealing with the social and psychological adolescent developmental issues such as self-esteem, self-concept, and self-advocacy (Rall & Montoya, n.d.). History of Deaf Education in America The education for Deaf children in America primarily consisted of private tutoring or schooling in Europe in the early eighteenth-century. European schools used the oral method, which made use of speech, lip-reading, and written language to facilitate learning. They also used the manual method that used signs and writing. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet visited the Royal Institute for the Deaf in Paris in 1815 where he met a deaf teacher, Laurent Clerc. Upon returning to America, he and Clerc founded the American Asylum for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut...
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...Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting Work Life Balance among University Teachers: the case of Pakistan Noor Fatima: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. noor_e_fatimah@hotmail.com Dr Shamim A.Sahibzada: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. shamim@szabist-isb.edu.pk Abstract Balance in work and family life is an emerging challenge for both employees and employers. The present research categorises selected variables as work and family related factors to study work life balance. This paper analyses the determinants of work and life imbalance with respect to male and female university teachers. A total of 146 teacher’s responses from both private and public sector universities are included in the study. Statistical analysis reveals that partner support, colleague support and job resources are positively associated with the work life balance whereas unfair criticism at job is negatively associated with work life balance. Independent sample t-test is used to analyse the effect of independent variables on work life balance with respect to male and female university teachers. The variables, partner support, childcare responsibilities, elder dependency, and colleagues support have different effect when analysed by male and female university teachers as independent samples. Keywords: Work life balance, University, Teachers, 1. Introduction Work/life is commonly referred to as work and family...
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.................................... 2 How do you Use this Module ............................................................................................... 3 LESSON 1 – Use and Maintenance of Cleaning Tools and Equipment............ 4 - 25 LESSON 2 - Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures ................ 26 - 61 LESSON 3 – Maintain an Effective Relationship with Clients/Customers ..... 62 - 89 Answer Keys ................................................................................................................ 90 - 95 Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................... 96 HOUSEHOLD SERVICES K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education 1 What Is This Module About? Welcome to the world of Household Services! This Module is an exploratory and introductory course on Household Services which leads you to Household Services National Certificate Level II ( NC II)1. It cover 3 common competencies in Household Services that a Grade 7/Grade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) students like you ought to possess, namely: 1) Use and maintenance of cleaning tools/equipment; 2) Practice occupational health and safety procedures; 3) Maintain an effective relationship with clients/customers; and These 3 common competencies are covered separately in 4 Lessons. As shown below, each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one or two learning outcomes: Lesson 1 – Competency...
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...Stress at Work A report prepared for The Work Foundation’s Principal Partners Ricardo Blaug Amy Kenyon Rohit Lekhi Contents Executive Summary Introduction 1. What is stress? 1.1 Defining stress 1. Explaining stress 1.3 Stress and ill-health 2. An epidemic of stress? .1 The extent of stress . The costs of stress .3 The victims of stress .4 The causes of stress 3. Why now? 3.1 Stress, work and contemporary life 3. Stress and happiness 3.3 Stress and social status 4. The sceptics 4.1 Problems of method and measurement 4. Putting stress in perspective 4.3 Therapy culture? 5. Legal and policy contexts 5.1 Stress and the law 5. Stress and public policy 6. Interventions 6.1 What does the evidence say? 6. Focussing on prevention Conclusion Bibliography 4 12 14 14 17 19 25 5 6 8 31 35 35 38 43 47 47 5 58 62 6 68 71 71 79 88 89 Stress at Work List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Table 1: Effects of stress on bodily functions Figure 1: Model of work-related stress Figure : The impact of workplace demands on physiological and psychological performance Figure 3: How stressful is your work environment? Figure 4: Overwork concern in organisations Figure 5: Self-reported Illness accentuated by work Figure 6: Estimated days lost due to self-reported work-related injury or illness Figure 7: Work-related mental ill-health Figure 8: Percentage of organisations where workers identify stress to be the leading hazard of concern by sector Figure 9: Percentage reporting...
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...University Abstract Those who provide are care in times of emergency, trauma, and grief are at great risk for developing health related issues and complications arising from providing services to those in need. The stress associated with professions such as doctors, nurses, clergy, and family member caregivers can prove disastrous to the emotional, physical and mental well-being of these responders. Depression, burnout, and compassion fatigue are but a few of the negative results of the continued stress that is placed upon caregivers in their day-to-day dealings with the suffering. More research must be conducted to examine ways to provide awareness to the caregiver and to provide awareness training to physicians and mental health professionals who are consulted by those who are experiencing symptoms associated with caregiving. Furthermore, research must be conducted to ensure that caregivers are made aware of the resources available to them through religious institutions, healthcare providers, and social support so they may reach out and be helped. Caring for the Caregiver The purpose of this research paper is to examine the impact that caring for others has upon those within the caregiving profession. Many studies have been conducted that link caregiver stress with negative effects upon the emotional, mental and physical health of the caregiver. The American Journal of Nursing (2008) states that "the increasing numbers of family caregivers and their associated burdens and...
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...The educator in a pastoral role Registration period: Semester 2, 2015 Student surname │ number: Mennell │ 50918818 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ASSIGNMENT RUBRIC 1 1 SECTION 1: BACKGROUND 2 2 SECTION 2: GUIDANCE FOR MARY 5 2.1 Concepts 5 2.2 Phenomenon of child trauma, and the effects of trauma on Mary’s life 6 2.2.1 Phenomenon of child trauma 6 2.2.2 Effects of trauma on Mary’s life 7 2.3 Parental involvement and parental counselling 8 2.4 An individual and learning intervention program for Mary 9 2.4.1 Important guidelines to take into account 9 2.4.2 Reference to the problems in terms of Mary’s subjects 9 2.4.3 Reporting the abuse, involving support services, and involving Mary’s mother 9 SOURCES CONSULTED 11 ASSIGNMENT RUBRIC According to Best, Lang, Lodge and Watkins (1995:63), one of the most important roles of an educator in a school is to assist learners pastorally. (See your study guide, p. 2) Read the following scenario: “I felt like nothing made sense… .” I am Mary. When I was 11 years old, my mum’s new boyfriend moved in with us. I thought it would be good for mum cos she had a drinking problem and was depressed, and I thought it would make her feel better having him there. At first he was ok and bought me presents, but then mostly he ignored me. Then after a few months he started doing things that made me nervous, like when I was ...
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...adjustment with university life the students will be able to form a kind of good relationships with others in the university leading him to enhance his academic achievement. Moreover, adjustment with university life can be a strong indicator of the academic level of the students from one hand and the level of social relations development and achieving personal goals from the other hand. We can note that many educational scholars studied this aspect in order to explore the status of the academic, social and psychological level of undergraduate students then determining the problems facing them when trying to achieve their goals. The stage of university life is an important part of the student’s life as he moved from the total dependence on the teacher, family and curriculum into the complete independence. Moreover, many students move away from their cities into new places causing a change in their...
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...CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Review of Related Studies and Literature This chapter presents a review of related studies and literature that point out the importance of using their effectiveness in instructions. Related Literature There are some reasons why an individual uses a social networking site. The first reason is for them to meet new friends enveloped with the necessary information that they are interested with. Disadvantages of Social Networking Sites Social Networking Site being popular to all ages has a lot of negative effect that has to be tackled and individual who uses this must be informed thoroughly. Foreign studies Heather Brautman Brautman said that SNS being known and patronized all over the world is very dangerous. SNS uses the World-wide Web to conduct their services. Since SNS offers a free membership it is an opportunity for everybody. Recently, there are crimes happened involving users of Social Networking Sites. Example of this is rape and murders. Abusers of SNS use this to get the interest of youths, they make friends with them and friendships turn into a more serious relationship that leads them to danger. Studies found out that users who engaged themselves to this are becoming victims of the said crimes. Other crimes conducted are swindling and fake job offers. Some of the College students fall for this kind of crime. To fulfill financial discrepancy they tend to look for job which offers easy process of earning...
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...Personal, Social, Academic and Career Problems Expressed by Minority College Students. By: Lucas, Margaretha S., Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 08838534, Jan93, Vol. 21, Issue 1 by providing an environment conducive to personal development without the level of conflict and isolation minorities experience at most White universities retention, but also progression and social-academic productivity are difficult for them highlighted in their writings covert, intrapsychic factors such as emotions, attitudes, perceptions, aspirations, and expectations about college, and interpsychic factors such as institutional climate, faculty, and professional staff employed by the university. reported African-American students' struggles with finances, academic adjustment, living conditions, emotional-psychological concerns, career-vocational concerns, and to a lesser degree, health, peer relationships, and family relationship concerns It seemed appropriate to survey freshmen for this project because an early assessment of potential problems and an early introduction to the university's counseling center and other relevant services might result in timely detection and possible solution of academic and psychological problems. Early detection of problems and familiarity of resources are crucial The majority of students in this sample of minority students did not want counseling (66.7%), and when they did they wanted career guidance, not personal or social guidance or a...
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...1 An introduction to counselling Introduction Stories of counselling Paula’s story: coming to terms with trauma Myra’s story: being depressed Matthew’s story: everything is getting on top of me Laura’s story: finding the right counsellor What is counselling? Defining counselling The relationship between counselling and psychotherapy Counselling and other helping professions The diversity of theory and practice in counselling The aims of counselling Counselling as an interdisciplinary area of study A user-centred definition of counselling Conclusions Chapter summary Topics for reflection and discussion Key terms and concepts Suggested further reading Introduction Counselling is a wonderful twentieth-century invention. We live in a complex, busy, changing world. In this world, there are many different types of experience that are difficult for people to cope with. Most of the time, we get on with life, but sometimes we are stopped in our tracks by an event or situation that we do not, at that moment, have the resources to sort out. Most of the time, we find ways of dealing with such problems in living by talking to family, friends, neighbours, priests or our family doctor. But occasionally their advice is not sufficient, or we are too embarrassed or ashamed to tell them what is bothering us, or we just don’t have an appropriate 2 An introduction to counselling person to turn to. Counselling is a really useful option at these moments. In most places, counselling is available fairly...
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...SCaring for Kids After Trauma, Disaster and Death: A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND PROFESSIONALS SECOND EDITION The New York University Child Study Center is dedicated to the understanding, prevention and treatment of child and adolescent mental health problems. The Center offers expert psychiatric services for and intervention. The Center’s mission is to bridge training supported by the resources of the worldclass New York University School of Medicine. children and families with emphasis on early diagnosis the gap between science and practice, integrating the finest research with patient care and state-of-the-art For more information, visit www.AboutOurKids.org. Changing the Face of Child Mental Health Caring for Kids After Trauma, Disaster and Death: A GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND PROFESSIONALS SECOND EDITION DEVELOPED BY: The faculty and staff of the New York University Child Study Center Harold S. Koplewicz, M.D., Director & Founder Marylene Cloitre, Ph.D., Director of the Institute for Trauma and Stress REVISED SEPTEMBER 2006 under the direction of Joel McClough, Ph.D., Director of the Families Forward Program, Institute for Trauma and Stress by Anita Gurian, Ph.D. Dimitra Kamboukos, Ph.D. Eva Levine, Ph.D. Michelle Pearlman, Ph.D. Ronny Wasser, B.A. Permission is granted for reproduction of this document by parents and professionals © 2006 1 C A R I N G F O R K I D S A F T E R T R A U M A , D I S A S T E R A N D D E A T H ...
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...of central assignment briefs. In addition, there will be an external examination to assess the remaining unit. The tasks cover different assessment criteria and are designed for you to produce finished pieces of work which also compliment and act as learning tools for each other and produce a complete interrelating body of work. As the course is vocational you will be visiting places of work, meeting and working with practising scientists and learning how to develop science with a set purpose. You will be able to discuss and evaluate the progress and end results of your work. You will also look at a variety of issues within the health and social care sector. The assignment tasks will be assessed and internally verified by your teachers and an external verifier will assess your work. The examination will be assessed externally. You will be given definite deadline dates for each assignment task. There will be continual comments/exchanges about your work and an interim feedback form will be given to you before the deadline date to give you written suggestions on how to improve your work. Before handing in each finished assignment...
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