...this chapter to convert the following binary numbers to decimal? * 00001101=13 * 00001000=8 * 00101011=43 3. Look at the ASCII chart in Appendix A on CD that accompanies this book and determine the codes for each letter of your name? * 67 97 114 108 111 115 78 97 106 101 114 97 * C a r l o s N a j e r a 4. Use the web to research the history of the BASIC, C++, Java, and Python programming languages, and answer the following questions? * Who was the creator of each language? * When was each of these languages created? * Was there a specific motivation behind the creation of these languages? If so, what was it? * Basic was created by John George Kemeny. It was created on 1964. * C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup. It was created on 1979. * Java was created by Dr. James A. Gosling. It was created on 1995. * Python was created by Guido van Rossum. It was created on 1991. * The motivation behind the development of computer programming languages such as C ++, Basic, Java, and Python is that once written, a function may be used several times without rewriting it over and over. Programming languages can be used to develop programs that control the performance of a machine and/or to convey algorithms...
Words: 259 - Pages: 2
...Chapter 2 Algorithms and Programming Languages 1 Algorithms • the central concept underlying all computation is that of the algorithm – an algorithm is a step-by-step sequence of instructions for carrying out some task • programming can be viewed as the process of designing and implementing algorithms that a computer can carry out – a programmer’s job is to: • create an algorithm for accomplishing a given objective, then • translate the individual steps of the algorithm into a programming language that the computer can understand 2 Algorithms in the Real World • the use of algorithms is not limited to the domain of computing – e.g., recipes for baking cookies – e.g., directions to your house • there are many unfamiliar tasks in life that we could not complete without the aid of instructions – in order for an algorithm to be effective, it must be stated in a manner that its intended executor can understand • a recipe written for a master chef will look different than a recipe written for a college student – as you have already experienced, computers are more demanding with regard to algorithm specifics than any human could be 3 Designing & Analyzing Algorithms • 4 steps to solving problems (George Polya) 1. understand the problem 2. devise a plan 3. carry out your plan 4. examine the solution EXAMPLE: finding the oldest person in a room full of people Understanding the problem initial condition, goal and assumptions – room full of people – identify...
Words: 2277 - Pages: 10
...STATE ENGINEERING UNIVERCITY OF ARMENIA (Politechnik) Report Theme: A history of computer programming languages Student: Davtyan Maria Professor: Ghazaryan Hasmik Group: ՄՏՏ 304 Yerevan 2014 A History of Computer Programming Languages Ever since the invention of Charles Babbage’s difference engine in 1822, computers have required a means of instructing them to perform a specific task. This means is known as a programming language. Computer languages were first composed of a series of steps to wire a particular program; these morphed into a series of steps keyed into the computer and then executed; later these languages acquired advanced features such as logical branching and object orientation. The computer languages of the last fifty years have come in two stages, the first major languages and the second major languages, which are in use today. In the beginning, Charles Babbage’s difference engine could only be made to execute tasks by changing the gears which executed the calculations. Thus, the earliest form of a computer language was physical motion. Eventually, physical motion was replaced by electrical signals when the US Government built the ENIAC in 1942. It followed many of the same principles of Babbage’s engine and hence, could only be “programmed” by presetting switches and rewiring the entire system for each new “program” or calculation. This...
Words: 2186 - Pages: 9
...ACADEMIC YEAR | Percentage | Year of passing | 1st year | 64 % | 2008-2009 | 2nd year | Appeared | 2009-2010 | 3rd year | 66.23 | 2010-2011 | | | | HSC | 49.17 | 2005-2006 | SSC | 43.73 | 2002-2003 | | | | Programming Languages known: * Java Standard Edition. * Java Enterprise Edition. * Vb.Net 2008. * C#.net * C++ * C BACKENDS: * Microsoft access 2003 & 2007. * Oracle. * Mysql Web-Technologies known: * PHP * HTML EVENT ACHIEVEMENTS: * Got 1st Rank in national level project exhibition (IT-FESTA 2011) conducted by Institute of management and research college , Jalgaon * Got 3rd Rank in national level project exhibition (IMPACT 2011) conducted by Moolji Jaitha college, Jalgaon. * Got 1st Rank in University level IT QUIZ competition (MANTHAN 2010) Conducted by NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY, Jalgaon. * Got 2nd Rank in State level Project exhibition (Kshitij 2011) conducted by NDMVP’s karmaveer adv. Baburao ganpatrao thakare, college of Engineering, Nasik. * Got consolation prize in National level C programming Competition (PHOENIX 2011) conducted by Godavari college of Engineering, Jalgaon. * Got consolation Prize in District level C Programming Competition Conducted...
Words: 395 - Pages: 2
...Registerable Courses for B.Sc. Computer Science June 2014 100 Level Course Code 1st Semester GST 101 GST 107 CIT 101 CIT 143 MTH 133 MTH 121 PHY 111 PHY 113 PHY 191 Course Titles Unit(s) Status Use of English and Communication Skill I The Good Study Guide Computers in Society Introduction to Data Organisation and Management Trigonometry Linear Algebra I Elementary Mechanics Heat and Properties of Matter Introductory Practical Physics I * Students are expected to offer at least one elective course per semester. Also they can only register a maximum of 25 units per semester Total Credit Unit - Compulsory Total Credit Unit - Elective Total Credit Units 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 C C C C C C C C C 18 0 18 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 C C C C C C C C C C 2nd Semester GST 102 Use of English and Communication Skills II GST 105 History and Philosophy of Science CIT 102 Software Application Skills MTH 102 Introductory Statistics MTH 112 Differential Calculus MTH 122 Integral Calculus MTH 142 Vectors and Geometry PHY 124 Geometric and Wave Optics PHY 132 Electricity, Magnetism and Modern Physics PHY 192 Introductory Practical Physics II * Students are expected to offer at least one elective course per semester. Also they can only register a maximum of 25 units per semester Total Credit Unit - Compulsory Total Credit Unit - Elective Total Credit Units 20 0 20 200 Level Course Code 1st Semester GST 201 CIT 211 GST 203 CIT 213 CIT 215 CIT 237 MTH 211 MTH 213 MTH 241 MTH 281 Course Titles...
Words: 911 - Pages: 4
...Naresh i Technologies Your tiny steps towards programming Programming Languages Arithmetic oriented Languages Assembly Language Machine Language Problem Oriented Languages Pascal ‘C’ WHY YOU SHOULD ADOPT ‘C’ LANGUAGE: General Purpose Language. Structured Programming Language Flexibility towards Systems Programming. Flexibility towards Application Programming. Availability of large number of operators. Has small instruction set. Availability of extensive library function enhancing basic function. Availability for computer of all types. Program highly portable onto multiple platforms. PROGRAM STUCTURE IN ‘C’ It is modular programming called function. Out of all function one should be main (). Components of each function Function Heading: Function Name. 1. List of Arguments. 2. List of Argument Declaration. 3. Compound statements. C programming 1 Fortran Naresh i Technologies SIMPLE REQUIREMENTS OF ‘C’ PROGRAM: Each compound statement should be enclosed in a pair of Braces {}. Braces can contain one or more elementary statements and other compound statements. Compound statements can be nested or individual. Each expression statement must end with a semicolon (;). Comments should be used and can be used anywhere in the program /*…*/ APPROACHES OF LANGUAGES: *Procedural * logical * Artificial Intelligence * Object oriented. CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROGRAM Should...
Words: 3176 - Pages: 13
..."What is software?" A very simple answer is: Hardware you can touch, software you can't. But that is too simple indeed. Source URL: http://www.thocp.net/software/software_reference/introduction_to_software_history.htm Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/cs101/ Attributed to: The History of Computing Project www.saylor.org Page 1 of 23 But when talking about software you talk about programming and programming languages. But about producing and selling the products made by programming (languages) as well. There are over 300 different ("common") computer languages in existence, apart from the various dialects stemming from one of them. Most of them can be classified in definable groups, but others don’t belong to anything. Some because they are rather new or the use of them was or is never wide spread and only used by a small specialized professionals or groups of scientists requiring these dialects. This is often the case with a specific language that was designed for just one purpose, e.g. telecommunication or supercomputing. Some languages are even dead languages, some others are revived and expanded upon again, and there are ones that constantly rejuvenate. In the latter case a programmer is sometimes wondering...
Words: 5456 - Pages: 22
...Introduction to C++ Programming I Ian Aitchison and Peter King August 1997 Contents 1 The Computer 1.1 Central Processing Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Main memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 External Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Input/Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 The system bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 More about memory and information representation . . . 1.5.1 Representation of information in external memory 1.6 The execution cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Multiple Choice Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Programming Languages 2.1 Assembly Language . . . 2.2 High level Languages . . . 2.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Multiple Choice Questions 11 13 13 14 14 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 23 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Operating Systems 25 3.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.2 Multiple Choice Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Words: 10667 - Pages: 43
...Solving and 'C' Programming Version: PSC/Handout/1107/1.0 Date: 16-11-07 Cognizant 500 Glen Pointe Center West Teaneck, NJ 07666 Ph: 201-801-0233 www.cognizant.com Problem Solving and C Programming TABLE OF CONTENTS About this Document ....................................................................................................................6 Target Audience ...........................................................................................................................6 Objectives .....................................................................................................................................6 Pre-requisite .................................................................................................................................6 Session 2: Introduction to Problem Solving and Programming Languages ...........................7 Learning Objectives ......................................................................................................................7 Problem Solving Aspect ...............................................................................................................7 Program Development Steps .......................................................................................................8 Introduction to Programming Languages ...................................................................................14 Types and Categories of Programming Languages ................
Words: 4320 - Pages: 18
...|Duration |Maximum Marks |Total | |No. | |Of Exam | | | | | | |Theory |Sessional* | | |MCA-101 |Computer Fundamentals and Problem Solving Using C |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-102 |Computer Organisation |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-103 |Discrete Mathematical Structures |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-104 |Software Engineering |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-105 |Computer Oriented Numerical and Statistical Methods |3 Hours |80 |20 |100 | |MCA-106 |Software Laboratory - I |3 Hours | | |100 | | |C (Based on MCA-101) | | | | | |MCA-107 |Software Laboratory – II |3 Hours | | |100 | | |C (Based on MCA-105) | | ...
Words: 13848 - Pages: 56
...About The Tutorial C is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories to develop the UNIX operating system. C is the most widely used computer language. It keeps fluctuating at number one scale of popularity along with Java programming language, which is also equally popular and most widely used among modern software programmers. Audience This tutorial is designed for software programmers with a need to understand the C programming language starting from scratch. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on C programming language from where you can take yourself to higher level of expertise. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of Computer Programming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languages will help you in understanding the C programming concepts and move fast on the learning track. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2014 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the...
Words: 13419 - Pages: 54
...we've provided you with some resources for learning to code and given you a broad overview of the process, but now it's time to get down to business: We're offering a short 101 course, step by step. You can't learn to code overnight (or in a week), but we've broken up the basics into a few lessons that will be released as the first four parts in our brand new Lifehacker Night School series. Each lesson will be video-based (as you can see above), but we'll also provide you with text notes and files that you can refer to as well. Each lesson is designed to be a manageable chunk of information that you can digest in under 15 minutes (and often much less). Although we're starting off our first programming lesson at 9:00 AM PST, the following three lessons will be released every day at 6:00 PM PST. Be sure to come back and visit us at the end of the day on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday this week to finish learning the basics. Our first lesson is going to be very simple and consist of learning about basic variables and data types. For the lessons in this series, we're going to use JavaScript as a model because it's a syntax that's pretty easy to understand and it's something that anyone with a text editor and a web browser can use. Because it's an ECMA-based language, it makes understanding other ECMA-based languages (like ActionScript) much easier to learn. Even better, you'll find that knowing how to write JavaScript will make...
Words: 6923 - Pages: 28
...Programming Languages/Java ™ Jumpin’ Java! The bestselling Java beginner’s book is now fully updated for Java 7! Open the book and find: ava J • Definitions of the many terms you’ll encounter ® • The grammar of Java • How to save time by reusing code • All about if, for, switch, and while statements • An overview of object-oriented programming • Building blocks — learn to work with Java classes and methods and add comments • Hints about handling exceptions • How to write Java applets ® • The Java scoop — get an overview of Java, the enhancements in Java 7, and the software tools you need • Get loopy — understand the value of variables and learn to control program flow with loops or decision-making statements 5th Edition 5th Edition Java Java, the object-oriented programming language that works on almost any computer, is what powers many of those cool multimedia applications. Thousands have learned Java programming from previous editions of this book — now it’s your turn! Whether you’re new to programming or already know a little Visual Basic or C++, you’ll be doing Java in a jiffy. g Easier! Making Everythin • Ten ways to avoid mistakes • Class it up — explore classes and objects, constructors, and subclasses, and see how to reuse your code • A click ahead — experiment with variables and methods, use arrays and collections to juggle values, and create programs that respond to mouse clicks Learn...
Words: 34460 - Pages: 138
...instructions designed to assist a computer to prefer a given task is referred to as a computer program. There are numerous languages used to create/design computer for instance Java Script, Java, C++, SQL and Sage (Laine, 2013). Computer programming is defined as a process of developing a working set of computer instructions meant to aid the computer in the performance of a given task. Computer programming starts with the formulation of a valid computer problem. This process is then followed by the development of an executable computer program, for instance Firefox Web Brower (Laine 2013). It is worth noting that there are other programs in the same realm. Computer programming is a diverse field that is of utmost importance in the modern world, especially with the continuous expansion of the internet. Perhaps the relevance of this can be underlined by the fact that computer programming has carved out as a course on itself. Computer programming is offered under several courses studied in colleges and universities (Laine, 2013). Computer programming is not only for computer students but for all who use computers on a day to day basis. This is by extension everyone since the use of computers is almost becoming a basic requirement. Computer programming requires a trained individual for the interpretation of data into information. Through the utilization of computer programming experts are able to create programs to real life problems like insurance policing and risk assessment. After which...
Words: 9330 - Pages: 38
...University L E W I S University of Texas, Austin Jones and Bartlett Publishers is pleased to provide Computer Science Illuminated’s book-specific website. This site offers a variety of resources designed to address multiple learning styles and enhance the learning experience. Goin’ Live This step-by-step HTML Tutorial will guide you from start to finish as you create your own website. With each lesson, you’ll gain experience and confidence working in the HTML language. Online Glossary We’ve made all the key terms used in the text easily accessible to you in this searchable online glossary. The Learning Store Jones and Bartlett Publishers has a wealth of material available to supplement the learning and teaching experience. Students and instructors will find additional resources here or at http://computerscience. jbpub.com The Language Library Here you will find two complete chapters that supplement the book’s language-neutral approach to programming concepts. A JAVA language chapter and C++ language chapter are included and follow the same pedagogical approach as the textbook. http://csilluminated.jbpub.com eLearning Our eLearning center provides chapter-specific activities that will actively engage you in the learning process. Each activity directly correlates to material presented in the text to help you gain command over chapter content. Animated Flashcards Computer science is rich with vocabulary, and these virtual flashcards will help you quickly...
Words: 67693 - Pages: 271