...VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT AMSTERDAM COURSE ETHICS 4.3 with special reference to PROFESSIONAL ETHICS Code 61432100 [final version January 10, 2012] Academic year 2011-2012 Period 3: January. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration: MSc Program Business Administration. Prof. dr. Eduard Kimman course assistant: Karin Tjeerdsma (k.t.tjeerdsma@vu.nl) Background This course, in the setting of various Master Programmes at the Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences, is about the morality of professional people acting in the context of a business organization. Business organizations or organizations as such do have a formal structure in which responsibility ultimately lies with a director or the board of directors. A business organization forms a context for a great variety of decisions. In a juridical perspective the organization is the bearer of numerous transactions. Inside organizations one may find remarkable opportunities for just or unjust behaviour, for moral or immoral behaviour, for situations of equality or inequality which deserve to be evaluated ethically. As FEWEB is a school for the study of economics and business administration in an economic perspective we focus on so-called “economic decisions” which are decisions being taken with some form of economic calculus. In this course we will spend time on questioning whether the economic or financial outcomes of these decisions are morally neutral or deserve some further moral investigation...
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...group of 1000 smokers (age 30), that a full quarter of them (250!) will die of smoking-related illnesses prior to completing middle age, an additional quarter will die prematurely from smoking-related illnesses shortly after retirement age, and another large group will develop debilitating chronic illnesses as a result of their smoking? Most people don't know the odds of getting sick as a result of smoking are really that bad, but when you do the numbers, that is how they come out. People usually take drugs because they want to change something in their lives. Here are some of the reasons young people gave for taking drugs: * To fit in * To escape or relax * To relieve boredom * To seem grown up * To rebel * To experiment They think drugs are a solution. But eventually, the drugs become the problem. The consequences of drug use are always worse than the problem one is trying to solve with them. For many people, truly understanding the very real dangers associated with smoking and drugs becomes the motivating factor that helps them to quit. Although it can be a very difficult habit to break, smoking and drug is ultimately a choice; it is your responsibility to choose whether or not you will continue to smoke and taking drugs. There are over 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke Each puff on a cigarette delivers nicotine to your brain within a few seconds. However, the Nicotine levels in your blood drop quickly after your cigarette is...
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...SACHS.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 8/1/2011 2:07 PM RESCUING THE STRONG PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE FROM ITS CRITICS Noah M. Sachs* The Strong Precautionary Principle, an approach to risk regulation that shifts the burden of proof on safety, can provide a valuable framework for preventing harm to human health and the environment. Cass Sunstein and other scholars, however, have consistently criticized the Principle, rejecting it as paralyzing, inflexible, and extreme. In this reassessment of the Strong Precautionary Principle, I highlight the significant benefits of the Principle for risk decision making, with the aim of rescuing the Principle from its dismissive critics. The Principle sends a clear message that firms must research the health and environmental risks of their products, before harm occurs. It does not call for the elimination of all risk, nor does it ignore tradeoffs, as Sunstein has alleged. Rather, through burden shifting, the Principle legitimately requires risk creators to research and justify the risks they impose on society. By exploring where the Principle already operates successfully in U.S. law—examples often overlooked by the critics—I highlight the Principle’s flexibility and utility in regulatory law. This Article uses chemical regulation as a case study in how the Principle can guide Congress in an ongoing controversy. Congress is considering a major overhaul of the flawed Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA), and this change could be one of the most significant...
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...University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Honors Theses Student Scholarship Spring 2012 Microbrewing in the US: An overview of the microbrewery industry and a business plan for future success Kevin Lapoint University of New Hampshire - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.unh.edu/honors Part of the Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons Recommended Citation Lapoint, Kevin, "Microbrewing in the US: An overview of the microbrewery industry and a business plan for future success" (2012). Honors Theses. Paper 9. This Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact scholarly.communication@unh.edu. Microbrewing in the US An Overview of the Microbrewery Industry and a Business Plan for Future Success Kevin Lapoint Business Administration, Finance and Management Whittemore School of Business & Economics Kpe8@unh.edu (603) 988-3438 Advisor: Prof. Fiona Wilson Whittemore School of Business & Economics 5/5/2012 Kevin Lapoint Microbrewing in the US Acknowledgements I would like to thank my brother Douglas, my mother and father, and especially my brother Richard. Without their support, edits, and...
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...Marketing Plan OFF! Scented Spring 2011 MKT 309 Contents Executive Summary 2 Company Background and Mission 3 Company Description 4 Industry Analysis 6 SWOT 7 Identification of Competition 12 Competitive Advantage 14 Target Market (Segmentation) 16 Position 18 Financial Goals 19 Non-financial Goals 20 Product 21 Pricing Strategy 23 Place 26 Promotion 27 B2B 30 References 31 Executive Summary We are proposing a new addition to the OFF! brand for SC Johnson. The product is a skin-safe, spray-on insect repellent that incorporates a new, specially formulated fragrance that will not attract insects called OFF! Scented. OFF! Scented will take a position within two current OFF! product lines, the Family Care and Active lines. Through our marketing plan, OFF! Scented will be positioned in the consumer’s mind as a fun, comfortable, edgy alternative to traditional insect repellents. OFF! Scented will be perceived as a more wearable, but equally effective repellent that will keep people safe from insect threats while enhancing social interaction with the pleasing aroma in the product. OFF! Scented will initially be targeted to a segment of the U.S. market. The segment is defined by geography by focusing on the Midwest and southern states. Demographically, the focus is on both genders age 18-34 singles, or couples without children and having incomes of $25,000 and up. Various lifestyles are considered part of the target segment...
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...lPolitical Theory http://ptx.sagepub.com Two Concepts of Liberal Pluralism George Crowder Political Theory 2007; 35; 121 DOI: 10.1177/0090591706297642 The online version of this article can be found at: http://ptx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/121 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Political Theory can be found at: Email Alerts: http://ptx.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://ptx.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Downloaded from http://ptx.sagepub.com at Ebsco Electronic Journals Service (EJS) on September 6, 2008 Two Concepts of Liberal Pluralism George Crowder Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Political Theory Volume 35 Number 2 April 2007 121-146 © 2007 Sage Publications 10.1177/0090591706297642 http://ptx.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com Is the liberal state entitled to intervene in the internal affairs of its nonliberal minorities to promote individual autonomy as a public ideal, or should it tolerate the nonliberal practices of such groups in the name of legitimate diversity? This problem can be fruitfully approached from the perspective of Isaiah Berlin’s notion of “value pluralism.” According to William Galston, value pluralism privileges a form of liberalism that is maximally accommodating of nonliberal groups and their practices. I agree that pluralism...
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...AFGE 2013 Issue Papers Table of Contents Another Manufactured Crisis: What’s Next in the Fiscal Showdown………1 Federal Pay……………………………………………………………….…..…..4 Federal Employees’ Health Benefits Program……………………………….15 Official Time for Federal Employee Union Representatives………….........22 Arbitrary Cuts in Civil Servants………………………………………………..26 Sourcing: Complying with the Law……………………………………….......31 Capping Taxpayer-Funded Service Contractor Compensation……………43 Transportation Security Administration and TSOs…………………………..46 Domestic Partnership Benefits……………………………..………………….49 Employment Non-Discrimination Act……………………………………..…..55 Paid Parental Leave………………………………………………..…………..57 One America, Many Voices Act………………………………………….…....60 Department of Veterans Affairs…………………………………..……………62 Department of Defense……………………………...……….………………...71 Federal Prisons………………………………………………………………….90 Social Security Administration ……………………………………….…...…103 National Guard/Reserve Technicians ………………………...……….……108 D.C. Workers’ Issues …………………...……………………………..…..…117 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. ……………………..……...120 Another Manufactured Crisis: What’s Next in the Fiscal Showdown? Background At the beginning of January, President Obama signed a tax deal that restored higher Clinton-era rates to those making over $450,000, and funded an extension of unemployment insurance benefits to the long-term unemployed, extended for another year the $240 monthly transit subsidy, but did not...
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...foreign economic policies have been greatly influenced by internationally-oriented corporations and that these actors have increasingly found allies among economic elites in other countries. The paper explores the relationship between hegemony by the American state and by internationally-oriented capital groups against the backdrop of transatlantic relations in the post-war period and the current debate on labor rights in international trade agreements. 1. Introduction The United States government has been, without doubt, the decisive force in establishing and shaping the main multilateral institutions of the world market since the Second World War. It has consistently pursued the opening of other nations’ markets to gain foreign suppliers. This leadership in liberalizing international trade has been mainly achieved by lowering access barriers to the American market. Given the mercantilist history of US foreign economic policy and the injury inflicted on many American industries by lowering tariffs, this leadership is quite an extraordinary achievement. This is all the more true, as trade deficits and, more...
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...NATURE OF MAN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN 10 MODULES E. Kolawole Ogundowole, Ph.D., D.Sc. Professor & Head of Philosophy Department University of Lagos. Akoka, Lagos. Nigeria Correct Counsels Limited Research. Counselling. Publishing. Book Supply First published 2003 Correct Counsels Ltd. P. O. Box 53 Akoka, Lagos. C E. Kolawole Ogundowole, 2003 ISBN: 978 -37004 - 0 – 5 This book is copyright. All rights reserved under the Copyright La Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers. Printed in Nigeria by: Mustard Press Enterprises 16, Ogundola Street Sungas-BAriga. PREFACE A few words about the overall objectives of the course is appropriate as a starting point. Historically, philosophy was the first form of theoretical knowledge. As a rational theoretical tool of comprehending the world, philosophy arose in ancient Greece in stiff battle with mythology and religious consciousness. It came out to lay the foundation for the evolvement of scientific consciousness and the emergence and development of the sciences - Mathematics, Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. In an environment rife with various and varying superstitions and myths, the study of the History of Science and Philosophy of Science becomes crucial, lest science itself falls within the ambit of mythology and superstition and becomes another form of myth even in the hands of the tutored. The study of the History of Science...
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...Positive law as the ethic of our time. Business Horizons | September 01, 1990 | Fisher, Bruce D. | Copyright Positive Law as the Ethic of Our Time The number of businesspersons, political leaders, TV ministers, sports personalities, educators, and other role models for American society who in recent years have been fined, imprisoned, left private or public office in disgrace, or been denied Olympic medals starlets many. Others not only are alarmed by the rash of apparently unethical conduct by society's leaders, but also wonder if there is some character flaw in the present generation of achievers that dooms their ultimate success - and threatens the commitment of the average member of society to the ethics of work and integrity. It is not unusual to read of self-studies by leading business firms that question the propriety of basic organizational values and ask hard questions about the institution. Certainly it makes institutions such as businesses and governments appear ridiculous to line personnel, who are micro-managed to death by institutional guidelines covering the minutes aspects of their work yet see leaders who appear to violate laws governing major phases of their business. This article advances the notion that the "law on the books" - positive law - has become the basic ethic of our business and social culture today. That is, people have come to accept the notion that if they have followed the law on the books in a democratic society, that is probably all...
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...Readings for American History Since 1877 Historiography in America...................................................................................................................................................... 2 How to teach history (and how not to) ................................................................................................................................ 6 How Ignorant Are Americans? ........................................................................................................................................... 9 The West ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 The Education of Native Americans ................................................................................................................................. 11 Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee .................................................................................................................................... 15 Prostitution in the West: .................................................................................................................................................... 17 The Gilded Age ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 The Duties of American Citizenship ...........................
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...Islamic Banking and Finance To Dr Mohammad Omar Zubair, who is a source of inspiration for all those working in the field of Islamic economics and finance Islamic Banking and Finance New Perspectives on Profit-Sharing and Risk Edited by Munawar Iqbal Islamic Development Bank, Saudi Arabia David T. Llewellyn Loughborough University, UK Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA In association with: International Association of Islamic Economics Islamic Development Bank The Islamic Foundation © Dr Munawar Iqbal and Professor David T. Llewellyn 2002 (on behalf of the Steering Committee for the Fourth International Conference on Islamic Economics and Banking held at Loughborough University, UK, August 13–15, 2000) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited Glensanda House Montpellier Parade Cheltenham Glos GL50 1UA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. 136 West Street Suite 202 Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Islamic Banking and Finance: New Perspectives on Profit-Sharing and Risk / edited by Munawar Iqbal, David T. Llewellyn p. cm. “Some of the papers were presented...
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...Business, market and intellectual property analysis of polymer solar cells Torben D. Nielsen a, Craig Cruickshank b, Søren Foged c, Jesper Thorsen c, Frederik C. Krebs a,n a b c Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark Cintelliq Ltd., St. John’s Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK ´ Inspicos A/S, Kogle Alle 2, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark a r t i c l e in fo Article history: Received 5 February 2010 Received in revised form 11 April 2010 Accepted 20 April 2010 Available online 8 May 2010 Keywords: Business analysis Market analysis IPR analysis Intellectual property analysis Polymer solar cells Organic solar cells OPV Roll-to-roll processing Polymer solar cell modules Patents abstract The business potential of polymer solar cells is reviewed and the market opportunities analyzed on the basis of the currently reported and projected performance and manufacturing cost of polymer solar cells. Possible new market areas are identified and described. An overview of the present patent and intellectual property situation is also given and a patent map of polymer solar cells is drawn in a European context. It is found that the business potential of polymer solar cells is large when taking the projections for future performance into account while the currently available performance and manufacturing cost leaves little room for competition on the thin film photovoltaic market. However...
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...other avenues of discretionary consumer spending. Changes in social patterns have contributed to decisions by state and territory governments to liberalise trading hours regimes over time. But for all states, some trading restrictions still remain and they continue to discriminate between retailers on the basis of products sold, size and location. Beyond the deregulated ACT and Northern Territory, restrictions on trading hours apply with varying levels of intensity. Western Australia, South Australia and Queensland are the most restrictive states. Some of the regulated states have also established geographic shopping districts or regional trading precincts which have created significant ‘boundary’ anomalies that fundamentally distort retail markets. Onerous and costly compliance processes have also arisen in some regulated states to allow (large) retailers to trade on restricted trading days. There are good reasons why trading hours in Australia should be fully deregulated: – increased consumer welfare benefits associated with greater convenience and product choice – reduced discrimination and greater competition between retailers – a less...
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...animal Books by Elliot Aronson Theories of Cognitive Consistency (with R. Abelson et al.), 1968 Voices of Modern Psychology, 1969 The Social Animal, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Readings About the Social Animal, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Social Psychology (with R. Helmreich), 1973 Research Methods in Social Psychology (with J. M. Carlsmith & P. Ellsworth), 1976 The Jigsaw Classroom (with C. Stephan et al.), 1978 Burnout: From Tedium to Personal Growth (with A. Pines & D. Kafry), 1981 Energy Use: The Human Dimension (with P. C. Stern), 1984 The Handbook of Social Psychology (with G. Lindzey), 3rd ed., 1985 Career Burnout (with A. Pines), 1988 Methods of Research in Social Psychology (with P. Ellsworth, J. M. Carlsmith, & M. H. Gonzales), 1990 Age of Propaganda (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992, 2000 Social Psychology, Vols. 1–3 (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992 Social Psychology: The Heart and the Mind (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 1994 Cooperation in the Classroom: The Jigsaw Method (with S. Patnoe), 1997 Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine, 2000 Social Psychology: An Introduction (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 2002, 2005, 2007 The Adventures of Ruthie and a Little Boy Named Grandpa (with R. Aronson), 2006 Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) (with C. Tavris), 2007 Books by Joshua Aronson Improving Academic Achievement, 2002 The Social Animal To...
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