...The passage of the 18th Amendment on January 16th, 1919 was nicknamed the “noble experiment” by U.S. President Herbert Hoover. It brought about some of the greatest changes in society that the United States had ever experienced. The 18th amendment banned the sale, transportation, and production of alcoholic beverages. It was brought about by the Temperance Movement, which was a time period in which many Americans felt a desire to put a greater focus on Christian principles. Despite the goals of the “Prohibition” amendment, the United States saw a monumental harmful shift into a deteriorating nation filled with corruption, organized crime, and financial failures. After nearly fourteen years of prohibition, the 21st Amendment was passed on December...
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...Prohibition was intended to rid the world of the vices of alcohol, by outlawing its consumption and access to the common man. Alcoholism is defined as “a preoccupation with alcohol and impaired control over alcohol intake. Alcoholism is a chronic, often progressive disease. Left untreated, alcoholism can be fatal (Mayo Clinic, 2007).” Prohibition was a thirteen year experiment by the government of the United States to control the behavior and actions of the people. The results of this experiment were flagrantly negative due to poor planning and underachieving efforts on the part of the government to properly compensate for the efficiency and effectiveness of organized crime and bootleggers. This essay will illustrate the highs and lows of the 18th Amendment of the Constitution prohibiting the sale, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol was impossible to enforce wasting time, money and government manpower. Over the years alcohol has become a permanent fixture in the lives of American citizens. To each and every American, alcohol has a positive or negative impact based on the individuals unique life experiences. Alcohol has been perceived as a conveyer of bad habits and the pitfall to the very fabric of positive living in America. All individual lives are unique and full of positives and negatives; however alcohol is the original “substance of abuse” and has had a major impact on the better moral judgment of its users (Mayo Clinic, 2007). This is nothing new however...
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...SOCIO LEGAL STUDY OF MAHR AND DOWRY AND DOWRY PROHIBITION LAWS Subject: Family Law- II Submitted to: Dr. Vijender Kumar Professor of Law Head, Centre for Family Law Submitted by: Shivam Bhatt IInd Year, IIIrd Semester Roll No. : 2012-47 National Academy of Legal Studies and Research, University of Law, Hyderabad. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATION i TABLE OF CASES ii TABLE OF STATUTES ii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Dowry and Mahr…………………………………………………………………………..1 1.2 Research Plan 2 a.) Aims and Objectives 2 b.) Scope and Limitation 2 c.) Chapterisation 2 1.3 Research Methodology 2 CHAPTER II DOWRY AND MAHR AS A SOCIAL EVIL CHAPTER III DOWRY PROHIBITION AND DOWRY PROHIBITION LAWS 3.1 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 9 3.2 Section 304B of IPC 11 3.3 Section 498A of IPC 12 CHAPTER IV MISSUSE OF DOWRY LAWS CHAPTER V CONCLUSION & SUGGESSTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION AIR – All Indian Reporter Co. – Company Ed. – Edition Et. al. – Et alia e.g. – ‘Exempli gratia’ (for example) HSA – Hindu Succession Act P. – Page number SCC – Supreme Court Cases v. - versus TABLE OF CASES Dinesh Kumar Mor v Lalitya Mor. 9 Dukhi Ram v State of U.P. 12 Gantupalli Rama Subhatha v Guntu Palli Rajamma. 10 Gordhan Ram v State of Rajathan. 12 Lajpat Rai Sehgal v State. 11 ...
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...established out of these former empires. However, the effects of the war were also felt across the Atlantic Ocean in America. Due to the war industry in the USA grew, the women’s movement progressed, and the government adopted new diplomatic policies. The Great War affected all areas of life in America, and continued to have its effect for many years to come. The decade that came right after was called “The roaring 1920s”. It was a time where Americans were living the American dream. Was the first time in American history that people could afford to buy in abundance and buy anything they pleased. The roaring 1920’s was effected by many inventions and a new life that Americans were adapting to. The introduction of cars, planes, Sports and Prohibition effected the 1920s. Americans were learning how to live their lives. One of the biggest changes probably also the one the influenced the most all the Americans were the new forms of transportation. After the World War I all the industries in America started to grow back slowly, some of those were starting to build the things that would revolutionize the life of all the Americans this invention was the car. “Americans took motoring like proverbial ducks to water” (AH, p. 56) by 1923 the car had become a necessity, and everybody, regardless of social or financial position, had to have one. “It was a petting parlor for the young, an errand runner for the housewife, and an escape hatch for the restless” (AH, p. 56) they were feeling...
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...about and why but what I really wanted to know it what kind of influence did they have on the American society? Thesis Prohibition of the 1920s introduced the maturation of the American mafia. The religious left and established political groups influenced and created the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution which made it illegal to produce, sell, transport, and import alcohol. If prohibition influenced the creation of the Mafia what did the Mafia influence and how did it affect American Society? Preview of Main Points I was able to find several areas where the Mafia was able to influence American society as we know it today but; I will only touch on three of them. The music we listen to today was greatly affected by the popularity of jazz being performed in the underground night clubs which were owned and operated by the Mafia. Las Vegas, or “Sin City”, wouldn’t be the city it is today without the funding and early management provided by the Mafia. Finally, crime scene investigation or forensic analysis was adopted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to aid in the investigation of Mafia related incidences. Evidence The Mafia was able to flourish and profit during the early days of prohibition, they provided what was deemed illegal to people who were willing to pay. The Mafia, being entrepreneurs in the times of prohibition, opened plush nightclubs called speakeasies with exotic...
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...The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: “A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.” The Second Amendment has been the subject of controversy only for roughly the last 80 years. Even though, as some argue, the Framers themselves argued over its wording, the almost universally accepted opinion was that it guaranteed an individual right. It was in 1934 that the first attempt at universal gun control on a national level occurred. In 1934, the United States was at the height of the Great Depression (Kangas, 1997). In 1933, the 18th Amendment to the Constitution had finally been repealed, marking the end of the noble experiment known as “prohibition”. The fourteen years of prohibition had nurtured an atmosphere of speakeasies, bootlegging, gangsters, and mafia. The year following the repeal of prohibition was marred by some of the worst gangster violence in American history. John Dillinger and Baby Face Nelson were on the run. Bonnie and Clyde were killed in that year (1934 in the United States, 2013). The nation had just finished its war with Al Capone’s gang (Al Capone, 2013). The people were tired of the unrestrained violence and, in an apparent classic effort to obtain safety at the expense of liberty, were willing to accept limits on the right to bear arms. Although this discussion is not about the history of gun control but about the right to bear arms...
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...Persuasion speech Marijuana is a mixture of dried and shredded leaves, stems and seeds and flowers of the cannabis sativa plant. This drug can either be brown, gray, green or purple. It has multiple names; cannabis, grass, marijuana and weed are only a few of them. Marijuana can be used in multiple ways. It can be smoked through a water pipe, “joint”, smoking paper used to roll it into, or as a “blunt,” which is a hollowed out cigar filled with the drug. It can also be made into edible items such as brownies or cookies. It was originally brought to the “New World” in 1545, but was introduced and used as a cash crop in Jamestown in 1611. The drug never really caught on and had been used until the 1920’s. Many people believe that the prohibition was the cause of the cannabis use. It was mostly used by people in show business and was not considered a social threat, but yet a treat (Narconon). Marijuana was listed in the United States Pharmacopeia until 1942. The United States Federal Bureau of Narcotics conducted a campaign in the 1930’s to show that weed is dangerous to society and is very addictive. In 1937 the Marihuana Tax Act made Cannabis federally illegal in the United States. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified marijuana along with heroin and LSD as a Schedule I drug (Narconon). Should this product really be illegal? People look at it as being such a negative drug, but have they ever really looked at the positive views of marijuana, its effects, how it compares...
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...A CASE ANALYSIS ON CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY Abbreviations RNRL- Relinace natural resources IPC- Indian Penal Code UOI- Union of India All ER - All England Law Reports (United Kingdom) CriLJ – Criminal Law Journal Table of cases 1. Lord Reid in Tesco Supermarkets Ltd. v. Natrass [1971] All ER 127 2. Zee Telefilms Ltd. v. Sahara India Co. Corporation Ltd., (2001) 3 Recent Criminal Reports 292. A. K. Khosla v. S. Venkatesan (1992) Cr.L.J. 1448 3. KalpanathRai v State (Through CBI), (1997) 8 SCC 732 4. State of Maharashtra v. Mayer Hans George,A.I.R. 1965 S.C. 722 5. Nathulal v. State of M.P., A.I.R. 1966 S.C. 43 6. MV Javali v. MahajanBorewell& Co and Ors.,AIR 1997 SC 3964 7. The Assistant Commissioner, Assessment-II, Bangalore &Ors. Vs. Velliappa Textiles, (2004) 1 Comp. L.J. 8. Standard Chartered Bank and Ors. v. Directorate of Enforcement (2005) 4 SCC 530 9. Iridium India Telecom Ltd. v. Motorola Incorporated and Ors ,AIR 2011 SC 20 10. CBI v. M/s Blue-Sky Tie-up Ltd and Ors ,Crl. Appeal No(s). 950 of 2004 11. Kartick Chandra v.Harsha M. Dasi, AIR 1943 Calcutta 35 at 354; Contents Introduction 6 Corporate Criminal Liability under the Companies Act 1956 &2013 6 Doctrine of identification theory 9 Position prior to the Standard Chartered Bank Case Law 11 Standard Chartered Bank and Ors. v. Directorate of Enforcement (2005) 4 SCC 530 12 Post Standard Chartered Bank case law: 13 Conclusion...
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...argued that the Reed decision had definitively established that the publication of a pornographic work was not punishable (Hughes 356). Pornography initially served as a form of entertainment and sexual stimulation, during the enlightenment, it gradually became an important vehicle of protest against the authority of church and state. Encouraged by a growing interest in previous unexplored issues of human sexuality, English writers produced obscene sex guides that dealt with issues like masturbation, dildoes, fellatio and ménage à trois. One of the most important literary developments in the mid 18th century was the appearance of the novel. The novel represented a new form of expression during the Enlightenment, a growing demand for realism and an increasing popularity of sexuality brought with it a motivation to challenge the traditional Christian beliefs about sex. In 1857 the first prohibition under British law for obscene material was adopted, the Lord Campbell’s Act, a statute prohibiting the publication of obscene material and empowering the police to control such material (Heath 60). At the beginning of the 19th century, the state of Vermont passed the first obscenity law in the United States under English law; in Regina v Hicklin a case involving a pamphlet that criticized the Catholic Church was under trial. This case established the first legal test for obscenity under the Obscene Publications Act 1857 (Williams 630), with the Hicklin Test the court decided that a work is...
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...WRITING THE RESEARCH PAPER In between the choosing of a topic and the final typing of the last revision lie a series of skills which, if learned thoroughly, might well be the most important and most permanent academic possession acquired in four years of college. Specifically, you need to learn how to: delve deeply into a topic; find and select raw data; reflect, speculate, and mediate upon implications and relationships; glimpse and follow insights; establish logical categories; organize an outline; think and write with clarity and precision; and revise. Make the writing of every paper an exercise to develop these skills. Steps In Writing The Research Paper 1. Choose your subject 2. Narrow your subject 3. Provide a focus for narrowing material 4. Find references and select bibliography 5. Gather notes 6. Categorize notes 7. Decide upon an approach and point of view to gain control over your material 8. Draw up a detailed outline 9. Write a detailed outline 10. Make a clear copy 11. Leave for a day 12. Edit your work-go over you paper four times a. First, reposition paragraphs and sentences b. Second, add and delete material to achieve balance and to advance the stated objective of your paper c. Third, look to insert transitional words and phrases d. Fourth, read the paper aloud 13. Make a copy 14. Know rules for using quotations 15. Know rules for using footnotes 16. Know how to make a bibliography Choosing Your Subject Choose a subject...
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...Brian Basic Should the Drinking age be reduced? The drinking age goes way back in history. Drinking began to be considered a problem around the 1900’s. When the government decided to pass the 18th amendment in 1919 alcohol became prohibited throughout the United States. This amendment forced all alcohol underground. The crime rate started to rise drastically throughout the country. The crime rate rose because people were buying and selling alcohol illegally. As a result of all the problems evolved, in 1923 the 23rd amendment repealed the 18th amendment abolishing the banning of alcohol from the United States. That established the modern drinking age, but the age was not the same in all of the states. The states government had the freedom of being able to assign what they felt were a good age for people to start the consumption of alcohol. Most of the states chose the age of twenty-one, but several states allowed the purchase of beer to be at eighteen. "The political failure of general Prohibition meant that American adults would increasingly focus justifications for alcohol policy less on the perils of drunkenness and more on the tenuous concept that adults can drink properly but youths cannot or should not" (Males 190). This lead to much discussion over the drinking age and the debate will go on for years to come. Throughout this debate, it lead to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which lowered the United States drinking age to eighteen. After this act...
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...‘Large Hadron Collider could spell doomsday for Earth in nine days!’ (News track India 2008). Exaggerations, misinterpretations and lack of knowledge can lead people in a society to believe things such as black holes that could potentially consume and destroy the Earth being created by the Large Hadron Collider. This is often the beginning of a phenomenon known as a moral panic unless it proves invalid by the masses or not profitable for institutions or organisations. First coined by Jock Young (1971:37) in his book ‘Images of Deviance’, edited by Stanley Cohen, his peer and colleague. It was Cohen (1973:9) though, in fact, who brought the phrase to the forefront of sociology and defined it when he said: Societies appear to be subject, every now and then, to periods of moral panic. A condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests; its nature is presented in a stylised and stereotypical fashion by the mass media (Cohen 1973:9). This paper assess’ Cohen’s’ ‘moral panic’ as a useful notion for explaining increased social anxiety about criminal behaviour using his work on ‘mods and rockers’ and Wilkins (1964:90) ‘Deviancy Amplification Feedback Loop’, a cyclic process that alienates perpetrators and increases sensitization to their actions creating more frequent arrests and often harsher punishments. Moral panics come and go and more often than not the ‘problem’ has been around for many years before it becomes...
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...Implications of the Ukrainian Crisis for Trade Relationships of the EU with Russia Economic Policies of the European Union Gartnar Marko | 19486522 | Marmai Martina | 19131311 | Mladenović Kosta | 19821606 | Executive Summary The aim of this research assignment is to provide an assessment of the effects on trade relationships between the EU and Russia stemming from the so-called “Ukrainian crisis.” The term points at the Russian military intervention in Ukraine, and the public response that this event generated. In particular, the analysis will regard the repercussions on Euro-Russian trade due to the Council’s diplomatic reply to the violent annexation of the Crimean peninsula by the Russian Federation. Since March 16th, when - with the unconditional support of Russia - the referendum for the independence of Crimea took place, the events in Ukraine escalated, giving rise to a number of restrictive provisions which, increasing in scope and gravity, aimed on one side to discourage military intervention by Russia, while on the other punished illegal misappropriation of Ukrainian public property. Such sanctions may not have played an important role, were it not for the current shaky state of the Russian economy. Nevertheless, that of sanctions is a two-sided sword, and the European Union, barely stepping on the road to recovery, can’t exactly afford being too picky when it comes to deciding who to do business with. The high level of interconnectedness and dependence...
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...Senior Research Project: Is the right to bear arms ethical? Lucas Van Duyn Senior Seminar: Business Ethics Dr. Jewe July 31, 2012 Introduction to the Project: In the United States, research into firearms and violent crime is fraught with difficulties, associated with limited data on gun ownership and use, firearms markets, and aggregation of crime data. Research studies into gun violence have primarily taken one of two approaches: case-control studies and social ecology. Gun ownership is usually determined through surveys, proxy variables, and sometimes with production and import figures. In statistical analysis of homicides and other types of crime, which are rare events, these data tend to have poison distributions, which also presents methodological challenges to researchers. (Just Facts, 2010) Americans own an estimated 270 million firearms, approximately 90 guns for every 100 people. In 2009, guns took the lives of 31,347 Americans in homicides, suicides and unintentional shootings. This is the equivalent of more than 85 deaths each day and more than three deaths each hour. 66,769 Americans were treated in hospital emergency departments for non-fatal gunshot wounds in 2009. Firearms were the third-leading cause of injury-related deaths nationwide in 2009, following poisoning and motor vehicle accidents. Between 1955 and 1975, the Vietnam War killed over 58,000 American soldiers – less than the number of civilians killed with guns in the U.S. in an average...
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...Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. | This article lends undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (December 2013) | This article is outdated. (December 2013) | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) | | | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs | Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market. | Signed | 30 March 1961 | Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic...
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