...Project Life Cycle The four sequential major time periods through which any project passes, namely: 1. Concept 2. Definition 3. Execution (implementation or development) 4. Finishing (commissioning or close out). Each period may be identified as a Phase and further broken down into stages that typically reflect the area of project management application and the size and complexity of the specific project. [D01432] A collection of project phases whose name and number are determined by the control needs of the organization or organizations involved in the project. [D01428] The complete set of time periods through which a project passes sequentially in a logical and orderly manner. In its simplest form the life cycle consists of four major periods: 1. Concept (where the project concept as a need solution is selected and defined) 2. Development or Definition (where the concept is verified and developed into a workable plan for implementation) 3. Implementation (where the implementation plan is carried out); and 4. Closeout (where the project process is completed and documented, and the finished product is transferred to the care, custody and control of the owner.) Progress through the project life cycle is identified by ‘milestones’, but these major periods should be separated by ‘Control Gates’ or ‘Executive Control Points’. [D01429] The four sequential phases in time through which any project passes, namely: Concept; Definition (or Development);...
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...The Project Management Life Cycles The Project Management Life Cycles It doesn't matter what project you are preparing for, the project management life cycle can assist you and your team in narrowing the project's focus, keeping its objectives in order and finishing the project on time, on budget and with a minimum of headaches. The project management life cycle contains five steps: Initiation, Planning, Execution, Monitoring/Control and Closure. No one step is more important than the other and each step plays a crucial role in getting you started, through all the hurdles, down to the wire and across the closing line. The five process groups are: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring & Controlling, and Closing. We'll start with Initiation; Initiation: In this first step you provide an overview of the project in addition to the strategy your planning on using in order to achieve the desired results. During the Initiation phase you’ll develop the Project Charter, Identify Stakeholders, appoint a project manager and based on his or her experience and skills, he/she will select the required team members. The processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project Planning: This second step is extremely important, it should include a detailed breakdown and assignment of each task of your project from beginning to end. The Planning Phase will also include a risk assessment, the scope of the project, refine the objectives and define the...
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...The outline of the stages of the project life cycle for a selected project – Product launch Introduction In this document I will be outlining the four stages of the project life cycle for a selected project, in this case a product launch. I will also be identifying the importance and purpose of holding an event which can be related to any sort of event as long as it involves people and a project. Purpose of the Event The purpose of the event is a very crucial in regards to holding a successful event. The purpose of the event is related to the nature of the event since it illustrates the reason for the event. In this case, an event centred round the launching of a new product would solely be solely based on just that. Most events are held to raise money or awareness of a new product line. Some events could be to raise money for charity and could also improve customer service. There are various purposes for events, these include the following: * Celebrations (fairs, parades, weddings, reunions, birthdays, anniversaries) * Education (conferences, meetings, graduations) * Promotions (product launches, political rallies, fashion shows) * Commemorations (memorials, civic events) Planning Planning is the first stage of the project life cycle, this is because you cannot say you want to hold an event and do nothing about it, or expect everything to come to fruition just by doing nothing whatsoever. One has to plan for an event way ahead of the event date to accommodate...
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...Monday, November 16 2014 Professor Anne Marie Sowder New York City College of Technology, CUNY Project Life Cycle: The Greenwich lane Part 1: Site history Part 2: Project Design Part3: Project Construction Part4: Project Analysis Moustapha Sylla CMCE -1220 Site History The Greenwich Lane Condos and Townhouses is a composition of five unique address located at 160-150-140 West 12 street and 155-145 west 11 street in Manhattan. The site was previously used as the St Vincent’s hospital. The Saint Vincent Hospital was founded in 1849 by the sisters of charity to response in New...
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...The Life Cycle Project for Envi Studies 101 – Due April 3, 2013 Part 2 – Supplemental Information RVCC – Spring - 2013 The over-arching concern is where does a product come from, how is it made and used, and where does it ultimately go in old-age? And how do all these stages and elements of the process impact the environment? The real world is also complicated by the fact that it is not just a composite or final product that has a life cycle, but generally a number of the components within the product have a cycle that plays out too. Our goal then is to gain some degree of understanding of how everything we use goes through a chain of causation and usage that has potentially many impacts on resources, human life and planetary ecosystems. One approach to the research component of this project is given further below for a generic cell phone. You don’t have to follow the approach given for your product as long as what you do is logical, reasonably complete, clearly written and covers the key elements in a Life Cycle Analysis, which are: What are 2-3 key raw materials required to make the product? Perhaps Hydrocarbons (oil, coal or natural gas) are needed somewhere in the process of extracting, refining or processing of raw materials. Such carbon resources may be needed to make fuel, electricity, plastics, industrial chemicals, medicines, etc. Perhaps concrete or other industrial materials are required. Ore may be needed and require smelting for metals such...
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...Individual Assignment 2: LCA of two products Life Cycle Assessment of Nissan Cars *ASR: Automobile Shredder Residue. ASR is what remains after material recycling is done to recover as much ferrous and non-ferrous metallic material as possible from the automobile shredder residue. Nissan conducted LCAs since the early 1990s, and made quantitative comparisons to understand the environmental impact of materials that were changed in the following parts. * Radiators * Air conditioners * Front-end modules * Back doors Based on the results of the LCA Project carried out by the LCA Committee of the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association from October 1997 to March 2001, Nissan reviewed in-house LCA methods and calculated results for major models. * May 2005: Inventory analysis was certified as being in accordance with the LCA method stipulated in JIS Q14040 by the Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry. Models that have undergone LCA: Skyline (made in Japan), Dualis (made in England) To develop more environmentally-friendly vehicles, LCAs are also conducted for new technologies that are introduced. These results are used to achieve the goals set out in the Nissan Green Program 2010* and the Nissan QCT-C* management policy, which clarify our environmental efforts. * *Nissan Green Program 2010: An environmental program that establishes activity plans and specific numerical targets for Nissan to...
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...Costing Systems 2 Identifying the full range of sustainability impacts a vital stage in better decision making. A number of companies have begun the transition to improved social and environmental cost accounting using methodologies such as activity-based costing (ABC), life-cycle assessment (LCA), and full cost accounting (FCA) (Epstein, 2008). ABC assumes that activities related to products, services, and customers cause the costs. ABC first assigns costs to the activities performed by the organization (direct labor, employee training, regulatory compliance) and then attributes these costs to products, customers, and services based on a cause-and-effect relationship (Epstein, 2008) The main advantages of ABC include an assessment of costs of individual activities, based on their use of resources; accurate costing of activities to be obtained throughout an organization; ease of identification where high (and low) costs are being incurred (and the cause), and serving as a valuable tool for both business and process improvement. It also helps with future product planning; ie: the cost of all activities associated with a product or service can be accurately determined before it is launched. This can then help with determining pricing, and any associated expenditure. However there are disadvantages to ABC as well. It may be difficult to set up or establish, particularly if an organization is using more traditional accounting methodologies. It can be time consuming if...
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...organization will start with the most basic of steps: Determine where you want to go. Examine the generic model. Modify it as necessary to meet the needs of your organization. Determine where you are. Compare your existing system safety program with the model and systematically list all differences. Develop a detailed plan to close the gap. Tailor and edit the procedures given here, if necessary, to produce a systematic plan for transforming your present program into the ideal program. (Stephans, 61) 1. What are the three broad categories of system safety tasks? Who is generally responsible for each task? • Hazard identification [identifying]– includes determining what parts of the project constitue a hazard and determininig the location of these hazards. Continues throughout the life cycle but is concentrated in the concept and design phase…(Stephans, 64) • Hazard analysis [analyzing] – involves evaluating each identified hazard by determining the potential severity of accidents resulting from each hazard and the probability that such an accident will occur. (Stephans, 66) • Hazard control [controlling] – involves applying the safety precedence sequence to identified hazards that present...
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...This paper presents a life cycle assessment of beeswax candles in the effort to confirm that beeswax candles are more sustainable and environmentally friendly than other comparable variations. Various types of candles are burned every year by millions of consumers; the United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that candle and incense sales exceeded a million dollars in 1999 (Knight, Levin, & Mendenhall, 2001). Beeswax candles, however, are one of the few sustainable and environmentally friendly types of candles available to consumers. Through the exploration of how the collection beeswax affects bees, the energy used and pollution created through candle production and transportation, and the effects burning candles and their disposal have on the environment, a thorough life cycle assessment will support the claim that beeswax candles are the most sustainable and environmentally friendly candle available on the market. To support the aforementioned claims, the environmental effects of other types of candles will be compared to those of beeswax candles. The collection of beeswax can be traced back millions of years and these traditional ways of beekeeping are still used today (Bradbear, 2009, p.1). Breadbear describes that beekeepers have found that the end of a flowering season is the best time of the year to harvest the honey (2009, p. 42). She explains more thoroughly, The honeycomb can be simply cut into pieces and sold as fresh, cut comb honey. Alternatively...
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...Phase 1: Goal The goal of LCA is to assess the potential life cycle environmental impacts associated with the production, use and end-of-life management options for individual types of materials used. This information is used to identify where in which life cycle the main environmental impacts occur. Then, an improvement can be done to minimise the environmental impacts. The intended audience is to the public. The reason is because opinions from the public also can be taken into consideration in making decision when comparing the environmental effects. Phase 1: Scope The time horizon is used as system boundaries in LCA because present and future environmental impact of present-day production and consumption of materials must be considered....
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...Life Cycle Assessment study of starch products for the European starch industry association (AAF): sector study Vercalsteren An, Dils Evelien, Boonen Katrien Study accomplished under the authority of the European starch industry association (AAF) 2011/TEM/R/104 August 2012 All rights, amongst which the copyright, on the materials described in this document rest with the Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV (“VITO”), Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol, Register of Legal Entities VAT BE 0244.195.916. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________ 3 List of Figures ___________________________________________________________________ 4 List of Tables ____________________________________________________________________ 5 CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. Introduction ________________________________________________________ 7 Definition of goal and scope ___________________________________________ 9 9 9 10 Introduction Goal definition Scope definition CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 4.1. Life cycle data inventory _____________________________________________ 15 life cycle impact assessment __________________________________________ 19 19 LCIA methodology 4.2. Environmental profiles of starch products 20 4.2.1. Environmental profile of native starches _________________________________ 20 4.2.2. Environmental profile of liquid glucose (including Glucose and Fructose syrups) __ 20 4.3. Carbon...
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...Career Counseling Term Paper [SCHOOL NAME HERE] [YOUR NAME HERE] [DATE HERE] Person-in-Environment The person-in-environment theory concentrates on the situation one may find him or herself in over the course of one’s life. For example, various life stages may include preparing to graduate from high school, going into college, graduating from college, getting married, buying a home, having children, and so forth. These various situations impact the person in different ways. Also, the social context in which the person experiences these stages is also relevant. For example, if a person is entering college and is seeking employment in an area in which other people of the same age are not seeking higher education, there will be some conflicting priorities, needs and abilities that the person will encounter and have to cope with. Another term used to describe the person-in-environment theory is “ecological system” (Zunker, 2012, pg. 57). While this term is more commonly used when talking about flora and fauna in the wild, it is very applicable to career counseling as well. The career world is often congruent to that of the animal kingdom. There are hierarchies, competition for resources, and inevitably someone thrives and someone fails. By focusing on this corresponding model as an analogy to how one’s career may evolve over time and through various obstacles, a career counselor can help a person to focus on external issues and how to best handle them. This is...
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...Life cycle assessment is internationally used to assess the potential environmental performance of a product from an initial concept to the end of the products life. LCA considers five main areas that include resources, manufacturing, distributions, use, and end of life. Since all products are in some way harmful to the environment, lifecycle analysis helps to determine which products are most harmful based on the resources, energy, and carbon consumed over a products life. Life cycle analysis takes into account the impacts on the environment at each stage of a product’s life cycle, and highlights the stages where it is the most largely affected, which means that more time can be spent designing solutions, rather than finishing the project...
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...FedEx and the Life-Cycle Cost Embry-Riddle University Worldwide MGMT 422 Stephen Walker 26 January 2013 By Ahmadou Diallo Abstract Life cycle cost LCC is a management accounting tool used is a method for assessing the total cost of system from costs of acquiring, owning, and disposing of it. This methodology is essential in predicting cost-effective solutions though it not guaranteeing a particular result; therefore allowing the firm initiate rational comparison between alternative solutions. Introduction Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is the total lifespan cost incurred by an organization in purchasing, installing, operating, maintaining, and disposing off any equipment used in daily operations of the firm. In regard to this, estimation of LCC encompasses using a particular approach in identifying and quantifying components of an LCC equation (Pehnt, 2006). The use of LCC as an assessment tool when selecting possible design alternatives results in the provision of a cost-effective solution within limits of available data. In addition, a standard LCC comprises initial and operation costs, installation and commissioning costs, energy costs as well as disposal costs among others. System Requirements The management of FedEx gives particular emphasis on the initial purchasing and installation cost of new systems. In line with this, the firm’s top managers are supposed to explain LCC of various solutions prior to the installation of new equipment. The initiation of strong LCC...
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...Environmental scanning is the first portion to an organization’s strategic management and is very important to the corporation. Environmental scanning is gathering information for the external and the internal of the company. A SWOTT is the best way to gather the information. A SWOTT is determining the strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities, the threats, and the trends of the organization. Starbucks is a coffee shop that sets out to be different from the competitors. The company does not just focus on coffee but “bring a feeling of connection” to the people. Starbucks mission is “to inspire and nurture the human spirit- one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time”. Starbucks is a multi-billion dollar corporation and is the go to place if someone is looking for a great cup of coffee. By using an environmental scan and determining strategies the company uses to have competitive advantages will help explain why the company is so successful. Determining the values and what measurement guidelines Starbucks uses will promote how the corporation stands out for the rest of the competitors in the market. The internal and external environments of Levi Strauss and Apple computer describes how each company changed company focus by structuring the position of demographics to gain access to marketing trends and dealings with government regulations. Each company has proven capabilities for the organization’s success and taken responsible infrastructure...
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