Aktobe Regional State University by K.Zhubanov

A project work
Theme: Anglicisms in modern language

Student: Ayzharykova L. Group: ED – 208 Tutor: Suleimenova Z. E.

Aktobe 2014
The relevance of this study is that the consideration of issues related to the theory and practice of borrowing, especially important in today's conditions, because today expressed serious concerns about the strong influx of borrowing, which may lead to a depreciation of the Russian word. But the language - it is a self-developing mechanism that is able to self-clean, get rid of excessive, unnecessary. This happens with foreign words, borrowing which was presented during the trial.
The novelty of this study lies in the interpretation of the theme, hence its relevance, which is determined by the importance of the English language in the life of Russian society. The subject of the work is to study the borrowing of Anglicisms in modern Russian decades.
Abstract. Damage to the culture of the language - clogging his jargon, the trend towards illiterate use of language structures and units in spoken language - is an obvious problem of youth culture of speech. Our everyday speech - is not only an indicator of the level of literacy, aesthetic development of human presence in his cultural values, but also a means to reflect these characteristics of the society as a whole. It also is an important factor in the formation of spiritual culture, moral and intellectual development of the younger generation.
And so the purpose of this paper is: by analyzing the English loan words to show the impact that English is the everyday language of the modern teenager.
Hypothesis: on the one hand the emergence of new words expands vocabulary, and on the other in connection with the use of a huge number of unnecessary borrowing clogging language lost its originality and unique beauty.
The overall objective of the research has identified specific objectives: * Determine the reasons for borrowing the British elements in the Russian language; * Analyze theoretical material related to borrowings; * Consider ways of education Anglicisms; * Classify the most used Anglicisms in the spheres of communication;
Plan of the project work: 1. The reasons for borrowing of Anglicisms in modern Russian 2. Using of foreign words – fashion or necessity?! 3. Modern anglicisms 4. Methods of forming Anglicisms 5. Classification of loans by areas of communication 6. Conclusion 7. List of references

1. The reasons for borrowing of Anglicisms in modern Russian
At the turn of the century time flies so fast, do not have time to reflect on everything new that appeared literally yesterday and this morning. As rapidly changing the language, or rather its vocabulary, that is, his vocabulary. In the process of historical development of human languages are constantly engage and continue to engage in certain contacts with each other. Language contact is an interaction of two or more languages that have any influence on the structure and vocabulary of one or many of them. At present, the interest of linguists focused on Russian-English language contacts. The emergence of a large number of foreign words of English origin, their rapid consolidation in the Russian language is due to rapid changes in the social and academic life. Enhancing information flows, the emergence of the global computer Internet system, the expansion of the interstate and international relations, the development of the global market economy, information technology, participate in contests, international festivals, fashion shows – all this could not lead to entry into the Russian language new words. We, the Russian people are tolerant to external influences. The openness of our society leads to a significant expansion of horizons of knowledge and Russians, to improve the knowledge of foreign languages. Intensified business, shopping, cultural ties, foreign tourism has blossomed; became commonplace long work of our experts in the institutions of other countries, functioning on the territory of Russia joint Russian-foreign companies. Increased need for intensive dialogue with people who use other languages. And this is – an important condition not only for direct borrowing vocabulary from these languages, but also to be attached to the native speakers of Russian international (and more often – created on the basis of the English language) terminological system.
There are several reasons that include foreign words in the vocabulary of the modern student:
1. The need for the name of the new phenomena, objects, concepts. For example, a laptop, scanner, internet.
2. Lack of compliance: chips, video, etc. Many words come to us because of similar no words in our language.
3. The need to express by means of multi-valued Anglicisms narrative momentum. For example, the word pilling. Do not need long to explain what it is, but you can just say one word.
4. Updating the language more expressive means. Some simple word can be expressed clearly (control at the entrance to the club, or «face-control").
5. Perception of the foreign word as a scientist. For example, exclusive.
6. The need for specification of knowledge. Sandwich – hamburger.
2. Using of foreign words - fashion or necessity?!
The hobby has become a kind of fashion anglicisms, it is due to set up in the youth society stereotypes, ideals. So the stereotype of our age is the idealized image of American society in which the standard of living is much higher, and the high rate of technological progress lead the whole world.
And adding to the speech of English loans, young people in a certain way closer to this stereotype, attached to the American culture, lifestyle. But, despite this, it's not everyday experiences excessive influx of foreign words. And social differences are observed in relation to the English terminology, especially a new one. Older people, on average, less tolerant of a foreign vocabulary than youth; with higher levels of education, the development of debt is easier. As mentioned above, in our country is increasing the number of people (especially the young), knowledge of foreign languages. Anglicisms, employed youth, certify it in some quarters higher, stress awareness, its superiority over others. Foreign words in the speech of the young can play the role of original quotations: a term belonging to any – any special sphere, can be cited, consciously beats, distorted. In this group there is a misreading of the English word. Sometimes the error becomes attractive to the point that has gripped the masses. The origin of the data words associated with the sound distortion during the development of these borrowings. Is a kind of game sounds. Such words are formed by subtraction, addition, moving some sounds in the original English term.
These young easily absorbs English units, for example:
Шузы from shoes;
Бутсы from boots;
Супермен from superman;
Хаер from hair.
Borrowing from the English language covering all aspects of school life, such as:
- «инглиш» - the transfer of students from «English»;
- «холидей» – from «holiday»;
- «маус» – from «mouse» – computer Mouse;
- «френд, френдиться» – from «friend» – be;
- «боты» – from «boot» – shoes;
- «фейс» – from «face»;
- «комп» – from «computer»;
- «дивидишник» – from «DVD-player»;
- «мазер-фазер» – from «father», «mother».

3. Modern anglicisms
Recently there has been intensification of borrowing of foreign vocabulary in the Russian language. This is closely related to changes in the political, economic and cultural life of our society.
Active borrowing new foreign vocabulary occurs in many specialized areas of human activity. Suffice it to recall those words now widely used as a presentation, nomination, sponsor, video (and derivatives: video, video tape, video), show (and derivatives showbiz talk show, showman), a thriller, a hit, a disco, a disc – jockey. Many believe foreign language more attractive and prestigious, "scientific", "beautiful – sounding." For Example: эксклюзивный – exclusive; топ-модель – best model; прайс-лист – price-list; имидж – image;
There were cases when borrowing used to refer to concepts and new language to the receptor and not available in the language of the source: the detector, a virtual investor, digest, spray, and so on. D.
4. Methods of forming Anglicisms
Range of new concepts and phenomena that are of Russian origin is limited.
Therefore, a more prestigious and effective is borrowing an existing category with the adopted concept and object. The following groups of foreign borrowing:
Direct borrowing. The word is found in the Russian language in approximately the same manner and with the same meaning as in language – the original. It's words like a уикенд – the weekend; блэк – Ebony; мани – money.
Hybrids. These words are formed by joining the Russian suffix foreign roots, prefixes and endings. In this case, often several changes the value of a foreign word – source, such as: аскать (to ask – ask) бузить (busy – restless, fidgety).
Tracing paper. Words of foreign origin that are used to keeping their phonetic and graphic appearance. This words such as menus, password, disk, the virus, the club, the sarcophagus.
Polukalka. Words that in grammatical development subject to the rules of Russian grammar (added suffixes). For example: drive (drive) "Have not had such a drive" – in the sense of "fuse, power."
Exoticism. Words that describe specific national customs of other nations, and are used in the description of non-Russian reality.
A distinctive feature of these words is that they do not have Russian synonyms. For example: crisps (chips), hotdog (hot-dog), cheeseburger (cheeseburger).
Foreign-language blotches. These words are usually lexical equivalents, but stylistically different from them and are fixed in a particular area of communication as a means of expression, which gives a special speech expression. For example: ok (OK); wow (Wow!).
Composites. Words consisting of two English words, such as second-hand – shop selling clothes, second-hand; video lounge – a room for watching movies.
Jargon. Words that have appeared as a result of any distortion sounds, such as: крезанутый (crazy) – шизанутый.
Thus, neologisms may be formed according to the available models in language borrowed from other languages, will result in the development of new values have already known words.
5. Classification of loans by areas of communication
A role of propaganda and establishment of foreign words in the lexicon of teenagers, absorbing everything new and interesting "like a sponge" plays their constant use in advertising, ads, labels. Items appear with English labels: «Milky Way» (the Milky Way), «Baunty» (generous gift), «Nuts» (nuts), shampoo «Head and Shoulders» (head and shoulders), detergent «Fairy» (sorceress), washing powder «Tide» (tide – low tide). On the audio and video you can see the inscription: Push; Stop; Wind; Low; High; Light; Noise etc.
Referring to the various areas of communication, each student is required to encounters with English words:
1. Power, politics. In recent years in the political vocabulary of the Russian language were foreign words. For example, the chairman of the Council of Ministers is now the Prime Minister, Deputy – Deputy Prime Minister, etc.
2. Media. This area is filled with Anglicisms rapidly fast. Internet - "champion" for the use of borrowing, especially in the texts of advertisements, incident report, etc. It would seem that in this area a lot of working professionals, who have philological education, they must bear the culture of language "to the masses." However, in practice, quite the opposite: it is the media, especially television, the spread of foreign words and sometimes Tongues, in our speech.
3. Sport. Those words to which we are accustomed, it turns out, came to us from the English. It's words like an athlete, football, bodybuilding, fitness, sprinter.
4. Technique. For new technologies coming up with new names, and these names sound in English. Tags: computer, laptop, mobile, scanner, organizer, keyboard, monitor, and many others – came to us from the English language.

6. Conclusion
In general foreign language terminology is a very interesting linguistic phenomenon, whose role in the Russian language is very important. English-Russian linguistic interaction has consistently attracted the attention of research aimed at the study of the total inflow of foreign vocabulary in Russian. The practical value of this work lies in the fact that this material can be used in the teaching of English and Russian languages in schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. These institutions should be carried out systematic work on the education of students' culture handling of foreign words, the language of good taste. A good taste – the main condition for the correct and appropriate use of language means as strangers and their own.
You must bring the following contradiction:
On the one hand the emergence of new words expands vocabulary, and on the other in connection with the use of a huge number of unnecessary borrowing clogging language lost its originality and unique beauty.
But the younger generation, including, and students can not use English words in his speech, as some of these words have long been infiltrated our spoken language.
Nor can cause some justification for the use of anglicisms:
- Firstly, sometimes it is more convenient to use Anglicisms, as they are shorter, clearer express meaning;
- Secondly, Anglicisms already much clearer than a long translation;
- to Third, these words have become part of our everyday speech, especially among young people in the media;
- Fourth, there is a need to eradicate loan words in the age of globalization, because they are not considered profanity?
7. List of references:
1. Galperin IR Stylistics. - Moscow: Higher School, 1981.
2. V.Irzabekov. From the book "The Secret of the Russian word" // Tverskaya Cathedral. - 2007. - №17-18. S. -14-15.
3. IM Singatullin. Practical issues of teaching foreign languages. IYASH 1995
4. A. Piligin, I. Maksimenko personality - oriented English language training. Moscow "Olma - Press" 2005
5. Longman Advanced American Dictionary. 2003