...Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the major health concerns of the public. Worldwide prostate cancer has affected a big portion of the population and has become an issue for many males all around the world. Prostate cancer refers to the malignant growth of glandular cells located in the prostate. At the age of 85, a man is said to have a 1 in 5 chances of developing prostate cancer sometime in their life. Unfortunately Prostate cancer is a disease that does not give any warning signs when it is growing and so the clinical features of prostate are often nonspecific. Patients with prostate cancer have different types of treatment in which they can accept, there can be various methods such as surgery and theraypy toptions. There are several factors that affect an individual’s prognosis (change of recover) given the fact that the natural history of prostate cancer is dependent on the type of cancer, age, and general health of the patient at the time of diagnosis Introduction The role of the prostate is to add vital nutrients and fluid to the sperm. In the male reproductive system, the prostate is the gland that sits just below the bladder. Its position is located in front of the rectum, surrounding itself around the urethra [1]. It is often described as a relatively small walnut size gland whose position is what can later be the cause of many urinary difficulties that may be experience by many males. The reason is that, when the prostate gland enlarges either...
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...A prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is cancer that forms in tissue in that gland, it usually occurs in older men. Cancer comes in forms of tumors, which is an abnormal growth of cells. Malignant tumors are the cancerous tumors of the two different types of tumors. Can cause pain and interfere with normal function, but they can also cause other systems in the body to act abnormally. Malignant tumors can invade nearby groups of cells or tissues, crowding out and destroying normal cells. Sometimes cancer cells can break away from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body. Body fluids that carry cancer cells from the tumor to other parts of the body are called lymph’s. Lymph is a fluid that drains waste from cells and filters unwanted substances such as cancer cells. Isolated or disseminated tumor cells are single or small groups of tumor cells that have been separated from the tumor and can be found in the blood, lymph, or bone marrow. Men have slightly less than 1 in 2 chances that they will develop some type of cancer during their lifetime. Approximately 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in persons aged 55 and older. The most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the US is prostate cancer. ( (Disease)) Symptoms of prostate cancer are as follows, Weak or interrupted flow of urine, Frequent urination (especially at night).Trouble urinating, Pain or burning during urination, Blood in the...
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...Prostate cancer Introduction Prostate cancer is a cancerous tumor in the prostate gland, a small walnut-sized gland in men that makes seminal fluid, which helps carry sperm out of the body. The prostate is located beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine out through the penis. Prostate tumors can be benign or cancerous. With benign tumors, the prostate gets bigger and squeezes the urethra, interrupting the normal flow of urine. This condition, called benign prostate hyperplasia or BPH, is common and not usually life threatening. Prostate cancer -- one of the most common kinds of cancer in men -- can spread beyond the prostate gland and be life threatening. Prostate cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in men of all ages and the most common cause in men over 75 years old. Men younger than 40 don't usually get prostate cancer. Some are at higher risk, including African-American men older than 60, farmers, tire plant workers, painters, and men exposed to cadmium. Most cancerous tumors in the prostate grow slowly and either don't spread or don't cause harm for decades. When caught early, prostate cancer can be treated successfully in more than 90% of cases. Men 50 years old and older should talk to their doctors about being screened for prostate cancer. Signs and Symptoms Many people with prostate cancer have no symptoms at all, especially in the early stages. Some symptoms that may indicate prostate cancer...
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...A prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is cancer that forms in tissue in that gland, it usually occurs in older men. Cancer comes in forms of tumors, which is an abnormal growth of cells. Malignant tumors are the cancerous tumors of the two different types of tumors. Can cause pain and interfere with normal function, but they can also cause other systems in the body to act abnormally. Malignant tumors can invade nearby groups of cells or tissues, crowding out and destroying normal cells. Sometimes cancer cells can break away from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body. Body fluids that carry cancer cells from the tumor to other parts of the body are called lymph’s. Lymph is a fluid that drains waste from cells and filters unwanted substances such as cancer cells. Isolated or disseminated tumor cells are single or small groups of tumor cells that have been separated from the tumor and can be found in the blood, lymph, or bone marrow. Men have slightly less than 1 in 2 chances that they will develop some type of cancer during their lifetime. Approximately 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in persons aged 55 and older. The most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the US is prostate cancer. ( (Disease)) Symptoms of prostate cancer are as follows, Weak or interrupted flow of urine, Frequent urination (especially at night).Trouble urinating, Pain or burning during urination, Blood in the...
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...Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer is a common form of cancer that has affected most every man whether he knows it or not. There are many factors and risks that can lead to this deadly cancer. With the help of highly trained docters, fatalities can be can be lowered, yet sometimes things still happen. Prostate cancer is the cancer of the male reproductive organ. The prostate make prosthetic fluid. The prostate also forms semen, but the most important function of the prostate is to regulate the acidity of the semen. Cancer is the collection of abnormal cells that have forgotten how to die. Cancer cells unlike normal cells can not die. One way to find out if you have the cancer or if you do not have the cancer is called a prostate exam. The exam is basically a feel of the back wall of the prostate gland. What the doctor is trying to feel for is any hard nodules, lumps or irregularities. You shouldn’t have to have an annual exam, but it just depends how experienced your doctor is. If the doctor finds an irregularity, u shouldn’t wait for it to change. When you are a child your prostate is about the size of a pea. The body begins to make large amounts of male hormones during puberty causing the prostate to grow rapidly. About ninety five percent of the hormone is produced by the testicles.Once your prostate has reached normal size it stops growing until u have reached your sixties or seventys.This slow increase leads to the condition called benign prosthetic hyperplasia. This is...
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...PROSTATE CANCER Risk factors * Older age. The risk of prostate cancer increases with age. Prostate cancer is most common in men older than 65. * Being black. Black men have a greater risk of prostate cancer than do men of other races. In black men, prostate cancer is also more likely to be aggressive or advanced. It's not clear why this is. * Family history of prostate cancer. If men in your family have had prostate cancer, your risk may be increased. * Obesity. Obese men diagnosed with prostate cancer may be more likely to have advanced disease that's more difficult to treat. Prevention * Choose a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables. Avoid high-fat foods and instead focus on choosing a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Fruits and vegetables contain many vitamins and nutrients that can contribute to your health. One nutrient that is consistently linked to prostate cancer prevention is lycopene, which can be found in raw or cooked tomatoes. Whether you can prevent prostate cancer through diet has yet to be conclusively proved. But eating a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables can improve your overall health. * Choose healthy foods over supplements. No studies have shown that supplements play a role in reducing your risk of prostate cancer risk. While there has been some interest in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin E and selenium, to lower prostate cancer risk, studies haven't found a benefit to taking supplements...
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...Outline for Prostate Cancer Presentation I. Introduction a. Introduce targeted audience b. Learning Outcomes II. Body a. Definition of Prostate Cancer b. Definition of prostate c. Statistics and Prostate Cancer Information Video d. Question 1 for audience participation e. Persons at Increased Risk 1. African American men 2. Men who are older than 60 3. Men who have a father or brother with prostate cancer f. Other People at risk 1. Men who have been around Agent Orange, paint, cadmium, tire plant and other toxic chemicals 2. Men who use too much alcohol 3. Men who eat a diet high in fat, especially animal fat g. Preventive Guidelines 1. Choose a healthy diet 2. Maintain a healthy weight 3. Exercise most days of the week 4. Talk to your doctor about your risk 5. Relax and enjoy life 6. Avoid smoking for many reasons 7. Seek medical treatment for stress, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and depression h. Pints for Prostate Campaign i. Question 2 for audience participation j. Screening recommendations 1. Digital rectal exam (DRE) 2. Prostate-specific antigen test (PSA) k. Risks when screening for prostate cancer 1. Finding prostate cancer may not improve health or help a man live longer 2. Follow-up tests, such as a biopsy, may be done to diagnose cancer 3. False-negative test results can occur 4. False-positive test results can occur l. Earliest signs and symptoms of Prostate Cancer 1. Trouble Urinating 2. Erection Difficulties 3. Blood...
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...In the past three decades we have seen a dramatic increase in cases of prostate cancer and other unfavorable issues related to poor prostate health. In fact, prostate cancer is the second leading type of cancer among males, affecting nearly 11 million men. In spite of the rise in prostate related health issues, treatment for these issues has remained stagnant, causing lifelong problems or even death. What is the prostate exactly? A part of the male reproductive system, the prostate helps with the production of semen. A small gland which is located below the bladder, it is roughly the shape and size of a walnut. Common health issues arising from poor prostate health: • Enlarged Prostate An enlarged prostate, known as benign prostatic hyperplasia...
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...Running Head: THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL, AND PROSTATE CANCER What is the Impact of the New Prostate Cancer screening guidelines on Black Men? And The Health Belief Model Calvin Sneed Marymount University August 1st 2014 Introduction Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent disease with an estimate of 30,000 deaths and 233,000 new cases predicted for the United States in 2014 (ACS, 2014). It is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men but is highly survivable if diagnosed correctly. In fact, the American Cancer Society (2014) has stated the relative five and ten year survival rates for the disease are 100 percent and 99 percent respectively. These figures indicate the importance of early detection screenings like the Prostate Specific Antigen test (PSA) and the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) in regards to surviving the disease. “Since using early detection tests for Prostate Cancer became relatively common in the United States (about 1990), the prostate cancer death rate has dropped” (ACS, 2014). However, there has been a contentious debate in recent years involving many organizations on the adequacy of these early detection measures (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2013). Controversy stems from studies like the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. The early research from this study indicated there was no evidence of a mortality benefit in having an annual PSA screening done (Andriole, Crawford, Grubb, Buys...
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...Talin Unruh Mrs Vaughan Honors Biology - Gray 30 November 2016 The Battle of Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that is active in the prostate gland, which is a gland that is around the front of the bladder in males that releases fluid. This type of cancer affects the normal cells in the prostate and grows uncontrollably which results in a massive structure called a tumor. Some types of this cancer can go undetected for years. Some symptoms include pains in certain areas, difficulty peeing, trouble getting an erection, and more. Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States. The prostate is a gland/organ which is right behind the structure of the penis and in the front of the rectum. It makes a type of fluid called seminal fluid...
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...Frying red meat boosts risk of prostate cancer by a whopping 40 percent NaturalNews) Prior research studies have implicated overcooking meats, especially red meat, due to the formation of carbon-based amines that greatly increase the risk of digestive cancers over many years of consumption. These studies have suggested eating meats that have been stewed or roasted in favor of char grilled or well done to avoid the charred 'bark' that forms as a result of barbequing or grilling over open flames. A research team publishing in the journal Carcinogenesis from the University of Southern California and Cancer Prevention Institute of California found that cooking red meats at high temperatures, especially pan-fried red meats, may increase the risk of advanced prostate cancer by as much as 40 percent. This new study provides startling new evidence on how red meat is cooked not only increases digestive cancer incidence, but may also increase the risk for prostate cancer. Consuming grilled, well done and barbecued meat produces cancer causing heterocyclic amines Researchers gathered data from nearly 2,000 individuals participating in the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer Study. Each participant completed a comprehensive questionnaire that evaluated the amount and type of meat intake, including poultry and processed red meat. Additional information gathered included the cooking method: pan-frying, oven-broiling or grilling. Over the course of the study, more than 1,000 of the...
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...According to recent cancer research in the United Kingdom there are more than 200 different types of cancer. The Wellness: Concepts and Applications 8th edition text book defines cancer as a disease caused by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in an area of the body. The National Cancer Institute states that the lifetime risk of men and women developing cancer is approximately 40.4%. In fact 2011 data records show that there are an estimated 13 million people living with a type of cancer in the United States alone. In addition The Thomara Latimer Cancer Foundation estimates about 600,000 of that 13 million to die, averaging about 1,500 people a day. Cancer is a worldwide epidemic that is killing thousands of lives daily. On the other hand...
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...Cancer, the word that everyone in the world is terrified of hearing but everyone has experience with. These days everyone has had a mom, dad, brother, sister, friend, or relative who has been diagnosed with some form of cancer. Some of us have been lucky enough to get to support our survivors while others are left with memories of those loved ones with whom they have lost. Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer that has led to the heartbreak of millions in the United States because they got the news that they or someone they knew had been diagnosed. Being the second most common form of cancer among men in the United States and the second leading cause of death, prostate cancer is a big topic of discussion (Sieve and Vonne, 2015)....
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...Cancer 101: Can Women Get Prostate Cancer? Can women get prostate cancer? You may have heard this question somewhere. And now, you want to know the answer. True that cancer can happen anywhere in the body. But can it happen in women prostate? No worries. We have the answer here. Before we get there, let’s see what women prostate mean first. Do Women Have Prostate? Actually, women do not have prostate gland like men do. However, women do have a gland that acts similarly to men’s prostate gland. This gland is known as Skene’s gland. The gland is named after a scientist, Alexander Skene, who in 1880 described the gland’s structures in detail. This gland is what commonly known as women prostate, due to its similarity to men’s gland. One of the similarities is that both men’s prostate and Skene’s gland have the prostate-specific antigen (or PSA for short) and PSA phosphatase (or PSAP)....
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...Prostate cancer is cancer that occurs in a man's prostate — a small walnut-shaped gland that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men. Prostate cancer usually grows slowly and initially remains confined to the prostate gland, where it may not cause serious harm. While some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly. Prostate cancer that is detected early — when it's still confined to the prostate gland — has a better chance of successful treatment. One of the biggest and prevalent issues with prostate cancer is the rates of sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity and specificity measure the number of false positives and false negatives, and are useful in evaluating the effectiveness of screening methods. Sensitivity is the number of true positive results divided by the sum of the true positive results and false negative results. Specificity is the number of true negative results divided by the sum of the true negative results and false positive results. The article explains that the PSA test and Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) are the most widely used forms of prostate cancer screening. The PSA test is simply a blood test. Even though the PSA is widely available to the general population it’s the sensitivity is 34.9% and the specificity is 63.1% which is not good at all. The DRE test is available by appointment...
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