...European women in the late Middle Ages did not hold considerable power. They were usually passed from the control of their fathers to the control of their husbands. Certain women, however, did not follow this path, which led to their marginalization in society and often to their turn to prostitution. Since prostitution is widely believed to be the oldest profession in history, one might imagine that it was considered an acceptable profession in society. However, prostitution was an area of great debate during the Middle Ages, as it was a practice which was considered morally repugnant, but its value in society could also be seen. Considering the large influence that Christianity had on medieval European society, the church’s opinion of prostitution was adopted by society at large. Since Christianity valued virginity in women so highly, it would seem natural that the church would be against prostitution and would try to eliminate it as a profession in society. However, in practice, the medieval church did not go to great lengths to punish prostitutes. Considering this fact, what was Christianity’s and more generally society’s attitude toward prostitution? In what ways did the church and the legal authorities face the morally unacceptable practice of prostitution? Based on the laws of the late Medieval period and evidence of the abundance of prostitutes in Europe, it is clear that society had an ambiguous standpoint towards prostitution, denouncing it as immoral while simultaneously...
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...Prostitution was widespread in preindustrial societies. The exchange of wives by their husbands was a practice among many primitive peoples. In the ancient Middle East and India temples maintained large numbers of prostitutes. Sexual intercourse with them was believed to facilitate communion with the gods. In ancient Greece prostitution flourished on all levels of society. Prostitutes of the lowest level worked in licensed brothels and were required to wear distinctive clothing as a badge of their vocation. Prostitutes of a higher level usually were skilled dancers and singers. Those of the highest level, the hetaerae, kept salons where politicians met, and they often attained power and influence. In ancient Rome prostitution was common despite severe legal restrictions. Female slaves, captured abroad by the Roman legions, were impressed into urban brothels or exploited by owners in the households they served. The Roman authorities attempted to limit the spread of slave prostitution and often resorted to harsh measures. Brothel inmates, called meretrices, were forced to register with the government for life, to wear garish blond wigs and other distinctive raiment, to forfeit all civil rights, and to pay a heavy tax. In the Middle Ages the Christian church, which valued chastity, attempted to convert or rehabilitate individual prostitutes but refrained from campaigning against the institution itself. In so doing the church followed the teaching of St. Augustine, who held...
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... Abstract In recent years there has been a surge in the number of young girls living as teenage prostitutes. The average age of a teenage prostitute today is 13 years old, and this problem has hit communities from the impoverished to the upper middle class. The lure into prostitution has captured girls that are runaways from broken homes, as well as those who suffered emotional and sexual abuse. Although these girls are offenders, they are first victims; thus causing advocates, social workers, and policy makers to unite to establish prevention programs and provide help to those girls living as prostitutes under the hands of men who represent themselves as their pimp a way of escape. Teenage prostitution is a problem in our community that many have failed to look at the severity of its growing presence. The number of girls living a life of prostitution has greatly increased over the last few years and is now beginning to draw local and national attention. The numbers and tragic stories of these young girls lured into this lifestyle for various reasons are beginning to cause society to stop and take notice. Girls as young as eleven years of age are being forced into a lifestyle of prostitution as a means for survival. In order to begin to work on addressing the problem of teen prostitution, it is important to understand the dynamics of this cycle of lifestyle choice today and why it has become so widespread. The community has...
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...Does prostitution have economic justification? What will you think of someone who goes through physical and mental torture to earn a piece of bread? If for survival you need money and its cost was bad reputation status of second grade citizen, constant violence and persecution not just physically but mentally too, presenting your life to incurable diseases, destroying your present and hereafter what would you do, is it a fair deal? 2012 Submitted by: Bakhtawar jamil 12/31/2012 Does prostitution have economic justification? What will you think of someone who goes through physical and mental torture to earn a piece of bread? If for survival you need money and its cost was bad reputation status of second grade citizen, constant violence and persecution not just physically but mentally too, presenting your life to incurable diseases, destroying your present and hereafter what would you do, is it a fair deal? 2012 Submitted by: Bakhtawar jamil 12/31/2012 Table of Contents ACCOUNT2 WHAT IS PROSTITUTION?2 PROSTITUTUION THEN AND NOW3 REASONS OF PROSTITUTION WITH EYE OF DIFFERENT PEOPLE4 CONCLUSION6 BIBLIOGRAPHY7 Account: Prostitution from ages have been linked with money as its key definition states it to be exchange of sexual act for payment.in the present era the rise in many social issues such as number of patient with HIVAIDS, increased divorce rates, loosing of virginity, increase in number of suicide attempts and usage of drugs and all of these having their strings...
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...studying women in a particular situation. Discussion of prostitution, a topic that has long excited widespread interest, incorporates ethnographic, historical, philosophical, medical, religious, and sociological elements and can tell much about different societies’ attitudes toward women. Popular attitudes toward prostitution also provide information on a particular society’s beliefs about race, class, gender, and age, as well as eugenics and hygiene, not to mention gender difference in marriage. The variety of sources described here can be employed as a model for students interested in other women’s history topics. Courtesans, or upper-class prostitutes, are among the women often mentioned in traditional histories, from the hetaerae of Ancient Greece, through the Byzantine Empress Theodora, to Diane de Poitiers, the 16th-century mistress of Henri II, King of France. Courtesans have been the subject of Japanese woodcuts, “Pictures of the Floating World,” dating from the Edo Period , and of European portrait painters. Some, like the Madame de Pompadour and Madame du Barry, the mistresses of French King Louis XV during the mid-18th century, came to wield significant power. These women, however, represent only a small percentage of prostitutes, many of whom lived—and still live—in poverty. Both men and women have been employed as sexual laborers throughout history. When Western governments began attempting to regulate prostitution during the 19th century, however, their policies concentrated...
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...John-Alexander Reyes Deviant behavior 26Mar13 Paying for sex is nothing new. Prostitution has long been regarded the oldest profession. It existed before there was even money to trade. The actually act of using sex as a method to obtain resources, whether it was for food, shelter, trinkets or clothes a sexual favor for anything tangible is prostitution. It makes and interesting topic to debate when you regard that it was actually a survival mechanism for early women. The earliest recordings of prostitution were in ancient Mesopotamia. In 8th century BC there were rules written to protect the rights of prostitutes. This is a significant piece of information because it tells us several things about the working of their culture and how the actual women were treated. It first addresses the issue if it was legal or not. The inclusion into laws of the time can confirm that it was indeed legal and was actually looked as a respectable profession. The laws deal specifically with the inheritance rights of the woman who were prostitutes. The Sumerians actually required each woman in their society to sleep with at least one man in the temple of their god. This is just one of many instances of “Spiritual prostitution. This was done as a sign to show tribute to the god of hospitality. This was indeed very important to a nomadic people. Most of earliest references that most of us are familiar with come from the bible. This contains the earlier recorded history of the Jewish people....
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...times powerful role in pre-modern and early modern society and politics With the establishment of the ancient ruling country, the political power of male supremacy became firmer and the consciousness of male supremacy gradually dug into society. The patriarchal family influenced Japanese society in the middle ages. As a result, the women’s right of inheritance in property got weakened. The sexual subordination of the wife began, and there were also prostitution that did not exist in the past. In the modern time, the mainstream in family was the married couple and their immediate children or parents. Only men could represent household called as ‘ie’, which can mean either a physical home or refer to a family’s lineage and women only played the role of producing a child. Women who were totally excluded from the position of a government and economic official were forced into masculine Confucian morality. In addition, Sankin Cottai system,...
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...borders. In this report, I will cover the definition of human trafficking, some statistics gathered over the years, and what is being done to prevent human trafficking. Human trafficking is defined as the illegal trade in human beings for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation or force labor and is considered as the modern day form of slavery. Human trafficking is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of modern-day slavery. These forms include, but not limited to forced labor, bonded labor, sex trafficking, child labor, and child soldiers. Forced labor makes up the majority of human trafficking in the world. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that for every trafficking victim subjected to forced prostitution, nine people are forced to work. Forced labor is also known as involuntary servitude. Immigrants are particularly vulnerable, but individuals also may be forced into labor in their own countries. Bonded labor is the least known form, but it is one of the most widely used to enslave people. Victims become bonded laborers when their labor is demanded as a repayment of services. Such services may be illegal transportation through boarders of countries or protection of their families from drug lords. The victims...
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...Introduction: Prostitution is one of the most widely neglected but complex vices of a society. It is the oldest profession in the world. The word prostitution began to come into common usage in the late eighteen century. Prostitution is historically and culturally ubiquitous with every culture adopting their own standards and attitudes. In the ancient world most purveyors of sexuality for economic reward were courtesans, concubines (kept mistresses) or slaves. Courtesans and concubines often had a high position in the traditional society. But in modern society this profession is being neglected and various social problems are occurred from it. One of the most serious problems is associated with the prostitution is the fact that the sex trade is surrounded by illegal, abusive and dangerous activities. One view maintains that such situations occur because prostitution is kept illegal and the industry operates on the back market. Besides these prostitutes are also sufferings in society. They have no status. Even their client also hates them. Prostitution: The word “prostitute” or more frequently “whore” is used as an insult towards a person (typically a women or girl) who is perceived as being sexually promiscuous (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prostitute). Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual service to another person in return for payment. People who execute such activities are called Prostitutes. According to Anthony Giddens, Prostitution can be defined...
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...completed on contemporary trafficking in the United States. Women and children have been the target of sex trafficking for thousands of years. This practice, going on throughout the centuries, finally became a political issue in the early 1900s. In 1902, the International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic was drafted. Its purpose was to "prevent the procuration of women and girls for immoral purposes abroad" (www.protectionproject.org). After a few years it was ratified by twelve countries around the world. This eventually led to the United States passing the Mann Act of 1910 which "forbids transporting a person across state or international lines for prostitution or other immoral purposes" (www.protectionproject.org). With the problem of sex trafficking still growing in the middle of the century, the United Nations felt it necessary to address the problem. Regardless of the acts and conventions that have been passed earlier in the century, the occurrence of sex trafficking is not decreasing....
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...According to Kutner (2015), both Janet and her boyfriend was smuggled into the United States where her boyfriend’s cousin’s owned a prostitution ring. Janet stated that she was fearful of her boyfriend and was afraid that he would have someone to hurt her child which was still back in Mexico. Janet also told of how she and other girls would go to labor farms and have sex with over fifty men apiece. After one of Janet’s boyfriend’s colleagues was arrested on domestic abuse, her boyfriend fled back to Mexico in order to keep from being charged for being a part of a sex trafficking ring. After the boyfriend refused to send her daughter to the United States, Janet went to the Mexican Consulate in New York which was able to shut down the organization with Janet’s testimony. The Consulate helped Janet to get her child out of...
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...the industrialization had profoundly influenced the ways in which women were to be believed ideally in Victoria times. Newly emerged urban jobs formed an urban living style that no one had lived before, it prompted a change in the ways in which appropriate male and female roles were perceived. In particular, the notion of separate spheres, which woman was in the private sphere of the home and hearth, man was in the public sphere of business, politics and sociability - came to influence the choices and experiences of all women. The Victorian era from 1837 to 1901 is characterized as the domestic age, idealized by Queen Victoria, who came to represent a sort of femininity that was centered on the family, motherhood, and respectability. Accompanied by Albert, Prince Consort, her beloved husband, and by her many children in Balmoral Castle, Victoria became an icon of late 19th-century middle-class femininity and domesticity. In fact, Queen Victoria came to be seen as the very model of marital stability and domestic virtue. Her marriage to Albert represented the ideal of marital harmony. She...
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...Women and Children trafficking in Bangladesh: A Legal Study Md. Saddam Hossen[1] ABSTRACT Sexual abuse, exploitation, trafficking are nightmares for femininity especially for disadvantage groups and trafficking is the most heinous of all. Government as well as Non- Government Organizations is working for Prevention, Protection, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of trafficked victims and population at risk. Though among these, Prevention is the most effective to reduce or eliminate human trafficking it is least utilized. Perhaps lack of mechanisms by which to measure success or outcome of prevention activities is the cause of this. Still some NGOs are working on it. In fact NGOs have been the pioneers in bringing this invisible crime into the public domain by their continuous efforts. Government is now also concerned of it because of international pressure and concern. Government initiatives give emphasis on prosecution but it is a globally chained crime where prosecute real offender is tough. Rather prevention is the possible measure to stop trafficking. It is the only pre-trafficking measure which may help a young girl or child not to be victim of trafficking. NGOs are the only actor at grass root level working for prevention so it is necessary to see- actually what they are doing and has any change took place. . The study explains the definition of trafficking, causes and consequences of trafficking. It also suggest some recommendations for the preventio9n of this problem. ...
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...pockets a new order began to form. The first World’s Fair in 1851 marked the first stepping stone for modern technologies and the middle class. Families began to fall into a cultural norm, the idea that an individual, through hard work, could achieve economic success was in the front of men and women's minds. Gender roles established by a hard scrabble life in the past made a separation between men and women where men were superior to most women, women could work in...
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...John Smith English 2323 – CRN 40738 28 March 2015 Midterm Essay – Topic 1 The Effects of Industrialism Although the modern world as we know it could not have existed without the Industrial Revolution, seldom thought is ever given to the real women, men and children whose lives were directly affected by the innovative technologies that changed labor and social normality’s throughout western civilization. An example of the vast economic and social change brought about by industrialism can be observed in Britain during the Victorian age where the way of life for the common laborer completely changed, as the text describes: Transformations in the production of textiles led to the first and most dramatic break with age-old practices … by the beginning of the Victorian period, the Industrial Revolution had already created profound economic and social changes. Hundreds of thousands of workers had migrated to the industrial towns … Employers often preferred to hire women and children, who worked for even less money than men (1581). Prose writer Henry Mayhew and poets Elizabeth Barret Browning and William Morris offer profound insight into the hardships of industrialism and its effect upon the poorest laborers, child workers and socialist political movements during the Victorian era of Great Britain. The poor and common laborer suffered greatly during the progress of industrialism. The advent of technological advances caused a great deal of influx in labor pools, as...
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