...Proton (automobile) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Proton Holdings Berhad The Proton Company logo Type Public (Bursa Malaysia: Proton) Industry Automotive Founded May 7, 1983 Headquarters Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia Key people Mohd Khamil Bin Jamil (Executive Chairman) Products Car, Automotive Parts Employees 12,000 Subsidiaries Lotus Cars Website www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad (stylized PROTON) is a Malaysian automobile manufacturer. It is headquartered in Shah Alam, Selangor and operates an additional manufacturing plant in Tanjung Malim, Perak. The company was established in 1983 as the sole national car company until the advent of Perodua in 1993. Proton is a Malay acronym for Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sendirian Berhad. (English: National Automobile Company Private Limited). Proton was largely a manufacturer of badge engineered vehicles from Mitsubishi Motors between 1985 and the early 2000s. The company has since produced several indigenously designed models and operates in at least 26 countries today, of which the majority are in Asia. Proton was formerly owned by Khazanah Nasional, the investment holding arm of the government of Malaysia. In January 2012, it was taken over by DRB-HICOM, a Malaysian conglomerate in a transaction amounting RM1.2 billion. Proton, predominantly reliant on its domestic market is currently undergoing structural and internal changes, as evident in the appointment of...
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...OVERVIEW Proton Holdings Berhad (PROTON) is a Malaysian automobile manufacturer. It is headquartered in Shah Alam, Selangor and operates an additional manufacturing plant in Tanjung Malim, Perak. The company was established in 1983 as the sole national car company following the wishes of former Prime Minister Tun Mahathir Mohammad until the advent of Perodua in 1993. Proton is a Malay acronym for Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sendirian Berhad. (National Automobile Company Private Limited). At first, parts and technology came from Mitsubishi but later on, as experience accumulated, Proton became independent even if most of the cars were still based on Mitsubishi models. Their first model which was launched in 1985 was called the Proton Saga. Soon after the first Sagas were rolling on Malaysian streets, exports started to Bangladesh (1986) and by 1987 Proton had already made 50,000 units. That same year a distribution agreement with a UK dealer was made in order to ship Sagas over to the British Isles but that would materialize only in 1989, when 150,000 units were already produced and plans for engine assembly plant were already under way, the inauguration being celebrated in 1991. A new model, the Proton Iswara was launched in 1992 and then in 1993 the Wira, a model based on the Mitsubishi Colt, which enjoyed moderate success with 220,000 units sold over 2 years. In 1994, the Proton Satria joined the model line-up and in 1996 the Proton Tiara. With thousands of models sold...
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...PROTON From SAGA to IRIS MAF 680 INTEGRATED CASE STUDY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A multinational motor industry giant (assume MAZDA) had sensed opportunity in Proton and approached a consultant, Chartered Accountant Saiful Alawi, to review Proton and recommend whether an investment or collaboration should be considered. Saiful Alawi needed to consider a number of significant factors in order to arrive at the decisions. Basically, PROTON was incorporated on 7th May 1983 to manufacture, assemble and sell motor vehicles and related products. PROTON produced Malaysia’s first car, the Proton SAGA which was commercially launched on 9th July 1985. Proton’s model products includes Saga, Iswara, Wira, Satria, Perdana, Putra, Gen 2, Savvy, Satria Neo, Persona, Exora and most recently Iriz. Despite all that, Proton has being criticized for poor quality control. Automotive industry becomes more competitive and always facing challenges. Globalisation and liberalisation allows the industry to penetrate the local and regional markets. Globalisation describes a process by which national and regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through the global network of trade, communication, immigration and transportation. On the other hand, liberalisation is defined as a process whereby measures are taken to expand market access to foreign services providers or to diminish discrimination against them to the domestic suppliers. I as a Saiful Alawi used Balanced Scorecard approach...
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...ACC 4291 INTEGRATED CASE STUDY SECTION 1 CASE REPORT CASE 3: PROTON – FROM SAGAT TO EXORA LECTURER : Prof. Dr. Shamsul Nahar MEMBERS : Abdul Kudus bin Abdul Muthalib (0930395) Yazlin Mohamed Yusof (0920890) Nurfazlina bt Mohd Jaffar Sadique (1029088) Question 1 From a financial analyst perspective, has the proton management done a good job? Based on the financial performance of PROTON from 2005 till 2009, our observation from a financial analysis perspective showed that Proton management has not done a good job as far as financial performance is concern. The Key Financial Indicators (KFIs) covers measurements such as basic earnings per share, net assets per share; dividend paid as well as retained earnings carried forward. At a glimpse, almost all the KPI of Proton shows decrement throughout the years. Basic earnings per share (EPS) fluctuated vastly from 2005 to 2009. Proton recorded highest basic earnings per share of 80.6 in 2005. However, it can be observed that Proton faced severe problems by making loss in the shares, EPS of -107.3 in 2007 and EPS of -54.9 in 2009. Besides that, there is also a report with regards the net assets per share (NAPS). This net asset indicates the price at which shares are bought and sold, and represents company’s value per share. Based on the information given, we can see that the NAPS of Proton had deteriorated from 2008 to 2009. The decreasing rate of dividend paid to the shareholders simply means company did not do very well...
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...A thermal expansion valve (often abbreviated as TEV, TXV or TX valve) is a component in refrigeration and air conditioning systems that controls the amount of refrigerant flow into the evaporator thereby controlling the superheating at the outlet of the evaporator. Thermal expansion valves are often referred to generically as "metering devices". Flow control, or metering, of the refrigerant is accomplished by use of a temperature sensing bulb filled with a similar gas as in the system that causes the valve to open against the spring pressure in the valve body as the temperature on the bulb increases. As the suction line temperature decreases, so does the pressure in the bulb and therefore on the spring causing the valve to close. An air conditioning system with a TX valve is often more efficient than other designs that do not use one. A thermal expansion valve is a key element to a refrigeration cycle; the cycle that makes air conditioning, or air cooling, possible. A basic refrigeration cycle consists of four major elements, a compressor, a condenser, a metering device and an evaporator. As a refrigerant passes through a circuit containing these four elements, air conditioning occurs. The cycle starts when refrigerant enters the compressor in a low pressure gas form. The refrigerant is compressed by the compressor to a high pressure gas state. The high pressure gas then enters the condenser. The condenser precipitates the high pressure gas to a high pressure liquid...
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...be a result of the Pauli exclusion principle. Two particular examples where the exclusion principle clearly relates matter to the occupation of space are white dwarf stars and neutron stars, discussed further below. Atoms and molecules definition A definition of "matter" that is based upon its physical and chemical structure is: matter is made up of atoms and molecules. As an example, deoxyribonucleic acid molecules (DNA) are matter under this definition because they are made of atoms. This definition can be extended to include charged atoms and molecules, so as to include plasmas (gases of ions) and electrolytes (ionic solutions), which are not obviously included in the atoms and molecules definition. Alternatively, one can adopt the protons Baryonic...
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...Running head: UNIT 3: WAVE LENGTHS AND THE ATOM Wave Lengths and the Atom Nature of waves James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen (2011) stated, “The nature of wave’s travel through the speed of light, and life on earth is transmitted through space by such a wave” (p. 118. para. 3). Waves occur in one’s daily life; all of such waves must move through matter (p. 118, para. 1). Radio waves allow transmission of music, microwaves assist in heating and cooking food, and X-rays are used by dentists (electro magnetic waves) and hospitals to ascertain a patient’s necessary need for treatment by introducing pictures (p. 118, para 5). Waves and Measurements According to James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen (2011), the two forms of energy can be either wave or by particle (p. 118, para 6). Waves are used in everyday life and just an example of said action would occur while skipping rocks. When one picks up a stone (various size and shape) and the water is very still, a person may choose to throw or toss with a light motion. This action will result in stir up (water); so as to form ripples by the skipping rock (p. 119). Ripples can be described as a series of ripples; moving outward from the point of interaction with the water and the rock (p. 119, 3). Property Waves According to James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen (2011), distances between crests is also known as the highest point of origin pertaining to wavelengths. Every second wave crests complete one cycle, also known as a hertz...
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...Assignment 1 Student ID:3402048 Name:Weitao Tang Part 1 – Controlling the spins of a hydrogen atom 1.1 4-dimentional Hilbert space: plus_plus = plus_minus = 0 1 0 0 minus_plus = 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 minus_minus = 0 0 0 1 Spin operator of electron: Ix = 0 0.5000 0 0 0.5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5000 0 0 0.5000 0 Iy = 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.5000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 - 0.5000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.5000i Iz = 0.5000 0 0 -0.5000 0 0 0 0 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 - 0.5000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0 0 0 0 Spin operators of proton: Sx = 0 0 0.5000 0 0 -0.5000 0.5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5000 0.5000 0 0 0.5000 0 0 Sy = 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.5000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.5000i 0.0000 - 0.5000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 - 0.5000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i Sz = 0.5000 0 0 0 0 0.5000 0 0 0 0 -0.5000 0 0 0 0 -0.5000 1.2 The values of eigenvectors: phi_1 = phi_2 = 0 1 0.7071 0 -0.7071 0 0 0 phi_3 = phi_4 = 0 0.7071 0.7071 0 0 0 0 1 The values of eigenvalues: E_1 = E_2 = -6.6916e+09 2.2305e+09 Spin expectation values: E_3 = 2.2305e+09 ...
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...acid-base properties of amphiprotic substances. Information Acid – • a compound that yields hydronium ions, H3O+(aq), as positive ions in aqueous solution (Arrhenius definition). • a compound that donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to another species (BronstedLowry definition). Base – • a compound that yields hydroxide ions, OH-(aq), as negative ions in aqueous solution (Arrhenius definition). • a compound that accepts a hydrogen ion, (H+), from another species (Bronsted-Lowry definition). Neutral solution – • contains hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in equal concentrations. Note: In the context of acid-base chemistry, the hydrogen ion usually is referred to as a proton because an atom of hydrogen contains one proton and one electron when it loses the electron during ion formation all that is left is the nucleus, which is one proton. © POGIL – 2005 Authored by Josephine Parlagreco and Robert Dayton Edited by Linda Padwa and David Hanson, Stony Brook University 1/4 Introduction to Acids and Bases Model 1. NaOH(s) + H2O(l) → Na+(aq) +...
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...can’t be broken into smaller pieces * In any one element, all atoms are exactly alike * Atoms of different elements are different * Atoms of 2 or more elements can combine to form compounds * Atoms of each element have a unique mass * The masses of the elements in a compound are always in constant ratio Bohr Theory: Danish physicist NEILS BOHR * Electrons are arranged in definite shells or NRG levels, considerable distance from the nucleus * Electron configuration: how electrons are arranged * # of electrons = the atomic # of atoms Sir James Chadwick: 1932 * Discovered in the nucleus another particle, neutron * Neutron has same weight as the proton * Neutron has no electrical charge * Nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons * # of protons is = to # of electrons, which is the atomic # of atom Atoms & Molecules * Atoms combine & arrange to form different compounds & molecules * Molecule: 2 or more atoms that are joined together chemically to act as a single unit * Chemical Bond: is the force that holds atoms together * Compound: 2 or more different atoms joined together chemically * All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds Ex: Oxygen gas = O2 is a molecule, not a compound (both atoms are alike) Water= H20 is a molecule & a compound (2 diff elements joined 2gether) * Molecules can contain as many as a billion atoms or as few as two atoms Kinetic...
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... * The principle behind NMR is that many nuclei have spin and all nuclei are electrically charged. If an external magnetic field is applied, an energy transfer is possible between the base energy to a higher energy level (generally a single energy gap). The energy transfer takes place at a wavelength that corresponds to radio frequencies and when the spin returns to its base level, energy is emitted at the same frequency. The signal that matches this transfer is measured in many ways and processed in order to yield an NMR spectrum for the nucleus concerned. Chemical Shift describes the fact that all nuclei containing an odd number of protons and neutrons have something called a “spin” –a built-in type of movement which is also called resonance. This movement is slightly different for different protons in a given molecule, and can change depending on the chemical environment. The Zeeman Effect explains what happens when a spectral line—an emission or absorption point in an otherwise uniform spectrum—is split into components while in the presence of a magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, magnetic nuclei are aligned with a constant magnetic field. This alignment is then disturbed by applying an alternating magnetic field to the nuclei. Both...
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...showed that there were gaps in the atomic number sequence at numbers 43, 61, 72, and 75. These spaces are now known, respectively, to be the places of the radioactive synthetic elements technetium and promethium. Moseley predicted the two more undiscovered elements, those with the atomic numbers 72 and 75, and gave very strong evidence that there were no other gaps in the Periodic Table between the elements aliminium (atomic number 13) and gold (atomic number 79). Moseley's law provided a reasonably complete experimental set of data supporting the (at that time new from 1911) Ernest Rutherford/Antonius Van den Broek concept of the atom, in which atomic number is understood as representing physically exactly the number of positive charges (protons) in a central atomic...
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...The periodic table can give the majority of information on any elements. Based on the reading all matter is composed of elements, which are substances that cannot be broken down into other substances. Looking at Nitrogen, we can see that the atomic number is seven (number of protons in the nucleus), the symbol is N, and the atomic weight of Nitrogen is 14.01. Nitrogen is one of four elements that make up living cells. A Nitrogen atom has protons and neutron in the central nucleus with two electrons on the inside and four electrons on the outside. Electrons on the outer shell will interact electrons of atoms to determine the chemical properties of atoms. Nitrogen-15 isotopes neutrons vary unlike the Nitrogen atom. The fifteen stands for the atomic weight, seven protons and eight neutrons. The Nitrogen Ion has varying numbers of electron. An Ion charge is determined by its name, with an extra negative charge for each extra electron or positive...
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...1. What are the components of an atom? In order to get a thorough understanding of the physical properties of radiation and how x-rays are produced, a dental radiographer has to know the structure, characteristics, and interactions of atoms. Atoms are the basic particles that compose matter, matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. All atoms consist of the same subatomic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons. The center of atom is called the nucleus, and it consists of neutrons and protons. Neutrons have no electrical charge, but their mass is about the same as of protons. Protons have a positive charge. The nucleus contains over 99.9% of the mass of the atom, but occupies little volume. The third particle type is electron. It has a negative charge and a tiny mass, and can be found in the orbitals, a probability distribution maps showing where the electrons are likely to be found. Electrons remain in the orbits due to the nature of electrostatic force, or attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative electron. 2. What is ionization? How does it occur?...
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...The Element Neon Discovery of Neon The periodic table is prearranged like a large grid. Each element is placed in a specific location because of its atomic structure. The periodic table consists of one hundred eighteen elements in total. Neon is one of those elements within the Periodic table and NE symbolizes this element. Neon has an atomic number of 10 which is the number of protons in the nucleus and an atomic weight of approximately 20 which is the average mass of the atom. The interesting fact is that Neon gets its name from the Greek word “Neos” which means new. The element Neon was discovered by a Scottish chemist named Sir William Ramsay and an English chemist named Morris M. Travers at University College London. These two had also...
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