...Women WOMEN IN PSYCHOLOGY There were many great women who made a contribution to psychology and the history of psychology. These great women were theorists, counselors, and pioneers. One of these women, who I find to be interesting Anna Freud, she was the creator of child psychoanalysis, Anna also completed the work which was a contribution of child psychology and also an understanding. Anna Freud, born on December 3, 1895, and her parents were Sigmund and Martha Freud. Anna had five brothers and sisters in which she was the youngest of the siblings. Anna’s relationship with her father was close, but with her mother and five siblings her relationship was tense. Anna attended a private school; she decided she was learning in that type of setting. Most of Anna’s education was from her father and his friends (http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_annafreud.htm). Anna began working as an elementary teacher, after completing High School. Anna also translating her father’s work into German, she became interested, “ in child psychology and psychoanalysis” (http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio anna freud.htm). Anna’s hard work was influenced by work her father did, but the field of child psychoanalysis was created by Anna. Anna started her psychoanalytic practice the year of 1923, which was located in Province of Vienna, Austria. Later on Anna Freud served, “ chair of the Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society.” Anna had...
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...GUIDANCE COUNSELORS AND STUDENTS PERCEPTION OF THE PROBLEMS OF EFFECTIVE SKILL ACQUISITION IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS CHAPTER THREE 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a system of explicit rules and procedures upon which research is based and against which claims for knowledge are evaluated (Nachmias & Nachmias, 1996:13). In this chapter, the methods for the study on guidance counselors and students perception of the problems of effective skill acquisition in senior secondary schools are discussed. This chapter spelled out how the study was conducted. 3.1 Research Design A research design is a plan of study (Oppenheim, 1996:6; Macmillan & Schumacher, 1993:157). Huysamen (1987:1) views a research design as “a preconceived plan according to which data are to be collected and analyzed to investigate research hypotheses”. In defining research design Nwana, (1981:19) stated that, research design is a term used to describe a number of decision which need to be taken regarding the collection of data before other data are been collected. The research adopted a case study design. The design of this study is a descriptive one. It is to explore guidance counselors and students perception of the problems to effective skill acquisition in senior secondary schools in Awka South LGA of Anambra state. The survey design is an attempt to collect data from members of a particular population in order to determine the correct status of the population with regards to one or more...
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...The Effects of Romantic Relationships on the Academic Performance of University of the Philippines – Cebu College Students (A.Y. 2011-2012) A Research Paper Submitted to the Humanities Division University of the Philippines Cebu College Lahug, Cebu City In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Communication II Researchers: Alma Mae J. Bernales Fretzy Colonia Adviser: Ms. Crina Tanongon October 2011 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We, researchers would like to express our sincere appreciation to the following people who offered their untiring support and help to make this research complete. To, Ms. Crina Tanongon, for her constructive criticism, patience in checking the grammatical errors, untiring effort in sharing us new ideas, and encouragement which inspired us to make this study a success. To our parents, Mr. & Mrs. Alberto Bernales and Mr. & Mrs. Efren Colonia who sustained and motivated us throughout this whole semester, for willingly giving us the moral and financial support for this study, and for the patience in understanding us when we have our sleepless nights while making this study. To our fiends, who were really there to make us smile when things gone wrong, and for their cheers and inspirational comments when we were so down. To our respondents, the BSCS-II students, for their participation in this study and for their time and effort in answering the questionnaires sincerely. Most of all, to the Almighty God who gives...
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...THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFFECTS OF A STUDY SKILLS COURSE, “DYNAMICS OF EFFECTIVE STUDY,” ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS AT A DEDICATED ACADEMIC MAGNET HIGH SCHOOL A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Educational Leadership, Research, and Counseling by Josephine Ann Allen B.S., Nicholls State University, 1976 M.A., Southern University, 1988 M.A., Southern University, 1990 December, 2003 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my Heavenly Father through Jesus Christ who has given me this wonderful gift and to my loving mother, Mrs. Daisy Celestin Allen, who has always believed in education and has supported me throughout my academic endeavors. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am most appreciative to my former principal, Mr. James B. Williams, Jr., who encouraged me to complete this study and East Baton Rouge Parish for allowing me to conduct this research. I am also thankful to the participants in the study - teachers, students, parents, and administrators of Baton Rouge Magnet High School - for allowing me to conduct this research. I want to acknowledge a former student of mine, Harley Becnel, for reminding me of why I started this educational journey and why I persisted to complete the process. All children deserve to be properly educated. With love for...
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...I. PENDAHULUAN A. Pengertian Kegiatan menganalisis butir soal merupakan suatu kegiatan yang harus dilakukan guru untuk meningkatkan mutu soal yang telah ditulis. Kegiatan ini merupakan proses pengumpulan, peringkasan, dan penggunaan informasi dari jawaban siswa untuk membuat keputusan tentang setiap penilaian (Nitko, 1996: 308). Tujuan penelaahan adalah untuk mengkaji dan menelaah setiap butir soal agar diperoleh soal yang bermutu sebelum soal digunakan. Di samping itu, tujuan analisis butir soal juga untuk membantu meningkatkan tes melalui revisi atau membuang soal yang tidak efektif, serta untuk mengetahui informasi diagnostik pada siswa apakah mereka sudah/belum memahami materi yang telah diajarkan (Aiken, 1994: 63). Soal yang bermutu adalah soal yang dapat memberikan informasi setepat-tepatnya sesuai dengan tujuannya di antaranya dapat menentukan peserta didik mana yang sudah atau belum menguasai materi yang diajarkan guru. Dalam melaksanakan analisis butir soal, para penulis soal dapat menganalisis secara kualitatif, dalam kaitan dengan isi dan bentuknya, dan kuantitatif dalam kaitan dengan ciri-ciri statistiknya (Anastasi dan Urbina, 1997: 172) atau prosedur peningkatan secara judgment dan prosedur peningkatan secara empirik (Popham, 1995: 195). Analisis kualitatif mencakup pertimbangan validitas isi dan konstruk, sedangkan analisis kuantitatif mencakup pengukuran kesulitan butir soal dan diskriminasi soal yang termasuk validitas soal dan reliabilitasnya...
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...The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900) PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Wheras there was a space of nine years between the first and second editions of this book, the need of a third edition was apparent when little more than a year had elapsed. I ought to be gratified by this change; but if I was unwilling previously to attribute the neglect of my work to its small value, I cannot take the interest which is now making its appearance as proof of its quality. The advance of scientific knowledge has not left The Interpretation of Dreams untouched. When I wrote this book in 1899 there was as yet no "sexual theory," and the analysis of the more complicated forms of the psychoneuroses was still in its infancy. The interpretation of dreams was intended as an expedient to facilitate the psychological analysis of the neuroses; but since then a profounder understanding of the neuroses has contributed towards the comprehension of the dream. The doctrine of dream-interpretation itself has evolved in a direction which was insufficiently emphasized in the first edition of this book. From my own experience, and the works of Stekel and other writers, [1] I have since learned to appreciate more accurately the significance of symbolism in dreams (or rather, in unconscious thought). In the course of years, a mass of data has accumulated which demands consideration. I have endeavored to deal with these innovations by interpolations in the text and footnotes. If these additions do...
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