Respond to the following questions in 100 words or less:

1. How did clocks influence the world when they were introduced?
People became reliant on clocks due to it’s regular, predictable, and preciseness. The clock became a metaphor for the universe, and became the basis for governmental structure and political systems.
2. Why was Descartes so important to the development of psychology? What did he contribute?
The importance of development of psychologies were Mind Body Problem; which questioned how to differentiate between mental and physical characteristics.
Descartes have contributed Theory of Reflex Action (reflexive behavior), Mind-Body Interaction, Doctrine of Ideas such as Derived Ideas, and Innate Ideas.
3. In your opinion, who contributed the most to empiricism? Why?
I have chosen John Locke. He had the fundamental concept of Empiricism which mind acquires knowledge through experience.

1. Which method of brain mapping do you believe was considered the most accurate during the time period? Why?
The most accurate method at the time would be mapping form the inside of the brain. It breaks down to Extirpation, Clinical Method, and Electrical Stimulation. Extirpation: removes or destroys a specific area of the brain to document the change in behavior that resulted. Clinical Method which reviewed damaged areas of the brain after death to determine which areas were responsible for certain behavioral conditions. Electrical Stimulation which stimulated areas of the cerebral cortex with a small electrical current to observe the motor responses that resulted.

2. Why was Hermann von Helmholtz considered to be one of the greatest scientists of his time?
Due to his famous contributions to psychology. 1. Researched and studied the speed of the neural impulse. 2. Researched the senses of vision and hearing.

1. Wilhelm Wundt is credited with founding psychology as a science. What were his specific contributions to this foundation?
Wilhelm Wundt built the first psychology laboratory. He also studied sensation and perception, focused on the concept of selective attention. He conducted work on ethics, logic, and systematic philosophy. He has developed Voluntarism (higher level processing), Introspection, which derived from principles of physics, and evaluation of own mind to further understand thought patterns and feelings.

2. What did Hermann Ebbinghaus contribute to the science of psychology?
Hermann Ebbinghaus has contributed in investigation of higher mental processes, including learning and memory. Studied associations and how they are formed. Explored the process of forgetting.