...Attitude Survey Courtney D. Stevenson PSY475 August 31, 2015 University of Phoenix Cheryl Goltl Attitude Survey Bullying in schools has been a long standing problem for many years, and it seems that access to social media and the internet have made it worse. Bullying can lead to severe psychological issues for children that are bullied as well as the bullies (Rigby, 2003). Bullying sometimes can be easily detected when physical abuse is evident, but it may be more difficult to detect other forms of abuse (Rigby, 2003). Many times bullying is done without administrator’s or teacher’s knowledge and students may be afraid to express concerns. For this reason it is important for students to be able to anonymously express their concerns without fear of judgement. In order to accomplish this a survey will be created to identify the attitudes of middle school and high school students regarding their feelings of safety in their schools. The purpose of the survey is to test the hypothesis that a significant amount (20% or greater) of students are bullied or have witnessed bullying in their current schools. When creating a survey, the most important step is to define the target group (Hogan, 2007). The target group for the study will be preteen and teenaged students between the ages of 11-18 years. While bullying can occur in any level of school from kindergarten to 12th grade, bullying usually evolves from physical into mental abuse as children get older (Rigby...
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...PSY475 (Week 1 DQ 1) Summarize the major assumptions and fundamental questions associated with psychological testing? The definition of test in our text reminds me of the definition of hypothesis that I encountered when I took my first statistics class. A hypothesis is not a simple prediction; rather the chore of a good hypothesis is the elucidation of causality (Aron, Aron & Coups, 2006). It is not enough to simply predict what will happen when vinegar is added to baking soda. A good hypothesis would propose a cause for the chemical interaction and further would devise a set of experiments to unearth that cause. In the same way, I thought that the “test” was merely the instrument by which causality was unearthed. Both of the standard definitions from the Oxford English Dictionary and Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing were clearly circular. For one, I don’t think you are supposed to use the term being defined in the definition. The text offers a six element definition of the word test (Hogan, 2007). Collective the six dimensions describe testing as a procedure or device used to yield quantifiable, measurable information about behavior and cognitive processes through a systematic, standardized procedure. I suppose the most fundamental question of psychological testing is: can behavior—cognitive or corporeal—be quantified into valid, reliable, usable, relevant numerical values? And further can the quantifications elucidate causality, because if they can’t then...
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...PSY475 (Week 1 DQ 2) Compare and contrast reliability and validity? Going back to Plato’s cave wall of shadows, if we all held up mirrors and reflected a particular point outside the cave would we all see the same thing and further if we were to take another peek an hour later would we see the same thing (reliability). Second is the subject of validity. My second class at college was a critical thinking class. I loved it. I can remember studying syllogisms: All animals are big, all big things are slow, therefore all animals are slow. This syllogism is valid, but not true (i.e. the conclusion reasonable follows from the premises). The problem with this syllogism is that the premises are untrue. They are both global absolutes, which are almost always false or at the very least not completely true in all instances. It is the same with psychological testing: the conclusion must reasonably flow from the facts gathered during experimentation. It would seem that validity has to do more with the interpretation of test results, than the test results themselves. Referring to the hypothesis as an elucidation of causality, validity is the bridge by which the numerical quantification of numbers is verified as it is translated into causation. It is a hindsight mechanism. It is used to verify the applicability of the test results to the hypothetical conclusion of causation. Both are equally important I think. If not, then the test might give great scores one time and not the next or the results...
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...Daiane Boran Introduction to Psychological Testing PSY475 Dr. Andrea Engles March 21, 2016 Introduction to Psychological Testing Psychological testing consists of many types or categories of tests. Because psychology is a science testing is a large part of this field. Individual behaviors, characteristics, and traits are part of humans a need to measurable these by psychologists is necessary. Psychologists must be able to conduct psychological test and quantify the results. These traits vary from person to person and in such a way that measuring clearly will show the different aspects of the individuals through testing. Psychologists agree that different psychological states and traits are part of human behavior. To quantify these states and traits can be difficult because qualities are not tangible and testing can give assistance in this matter (Hogan, 2007). Test The term test according to Hogan (2007) can be defined in a number of ways. Originally, the term test was used to describe a cup “used for smelting gold or silver ore, perhaps an apropos reference for some high-stakes testing today” (Hogan, 2007, p, 38). In modern times the term is typically defined as any assessments designed to measure peoples’ behaviors, knowledge, abilities, skills, or personalities. Hogan (2007) suggests that regardless of these various definitions of the term test, there are six common elements defining the term test in the behavioral sciences. These six elements include...
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...Running head: Attitude Survey Attitude Survey Michelle Anderson University of Phoenix PSY475 March 12, 2012 Abstract The purpose of this survey is to ascertain the general beliefs of a mixed populous on the subject of unemployment. The survey is scored in Likert Method, each item gives a small amount of information about the subject’s attitude. These small amounts add up to a whole attitude toward the object. Attitude Survey The subject of unemployment has become one of great debate over the last decade. There are many people out of work (Bureau of Labor Statistics), and more businesses closing their doors, permanently, every day. The purpose of this survey is to query the general public about their opinions on unemployment. The survey covers such questions as; is unemployment as bad as the media would have us believe, and is unemployment rates rising or falling. The most popular scale for attitude survey is the Lickert method (Hogan, 2007 p. 574). The Lickert method is the scale found on the customer survey cards at local fast food restaurants such as Hardees and at some specialty stores like Krispy Kreme. To get a general view of subjects’ attitude toward the over- all object the method uses a “large number of item stems expressing some aspect” (Hogan, 2007, p. 574) of the whole object. The scale is a five point system using completely agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree and completely disagree. The first step in generating the unemployment survey...
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