Psyc 341 Studyguide

Ch. 6
Ivan Pavlov – Classical Conditioning of Personality
- Dog Studying (And Baby Albert) o Unconditioned stimulus o Unconditioned response o Conditioned response
♣ Neutral Stimulus linked with Unconditioned Stimulus
♣ Unconditioned Stimulus removed
♣ Neutral Stimulus -> Conditioned response
- Generalization o Conditioned responses can occur in response to stimuli similar to conditioned stimulus
- Discrimination o Learning to tell the difference between different stimuli and only responding to conditioned stimulus and not to similar stimuli
- Extinction o When the pairing of the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus stops o Gradual decrease in the response to the conditioned stimulus
- Explains emotional aspects of personality o Neurotic behavior o Phobias o Superstitious behavior
John B. Watson – Behaviorism
- Founded behaviorism
- Applied conditioning principles to humans
- Rejected introspection (examining one’s own mental and emotional processes)
- Tabula rasa “blank slate” approach (Coined by John Locke) o Personality is based on environmental effects
B. F. Skinner – Radical Behaviorism
- Personality IS a group of responses to the environment
- Radical determinism o All behavior is caused
- Operant Conditioning o Behavior is changed by its consequences o “Skinner box” (operant chamber)
- Reinforcement o Increases activity after consequence
- Punishment o Decreases activity after consequence
- Positive o Stimulus is Added
- Negative o Stimulus is Removed
- Walden Two o Principles of Operant conditioning applied to a society o Society with a controlled environment based on positive reinforcement (rewards for continued good behavior) o Several communities were founded on these principles
Clark Hull - Internal Drives
- Habits o Associations between a stimulus a response
- Primary drives
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