1. What is sport and exercise psychology, and what are its two general objectives?
→ Is the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise contexts as well as the practical application of that knowledge.
Objectives:
A. Understand the effects of psychological factors on physical or motor performance.
B. Understand the effects of physical activity participation on psychological development, health, and well-being 2. Described the major accomplishments of the six periods in the history of sport and exercise psychology. What contributions did Coleman Griffith and Franklin Henry make to sport and exercise psychology?
Period 1: The psychology of play starts to be discussed. Studies of football and
Basketball players are studied in the University of Illinois. Norman Triplett conducts the 1st social psychology and sport psychology
Period 2: @5 articles are published about sports psychology. Coleman Griffith conducts psychological profiles on players. in the Chicago Cubs.
Period 3: Franklin Henry undertakes the position in the Department of physical Education at the University of California Berkeley and develops the 1st graduate program in psychology of physical activity.
Period 4: The first NASPSPA conference is held and proceedings in NASPSPA are first time published.
Period 5: The U.S Olympic committee hires first full time sport Psychologist as well as an advisory board is developed.
Period 6: Europe publishes he journal Psychology of Sport and Exercise. The increase of interest in sports psychology is expanding.
→ Coleman Griffith made the contribution of developing the first laboratory in sports psychology and helped start the education of coaching in schools.
→Franklin Henry’s contribution to sports psychology was training and mentoring other teachers and professors to help continue the studies of sports psychology.

3. Describe three roles of sport and exercise Psychology specialists
→1.Teaching Role which is teaching the role through university courses and motivating students to learn in this field of study
→2. Research role is to advanced the knowledge within the field of sports psychology and to identify what triggers the motivation to be involved in sports.
→3. Consulting Role to consult individual athletes or teams to develop psychological skills for further enhancing performance.

4. Distinguish between clinical and educational sports psychology. Why is this distinction important?
→ Educational Sports Psychology specialists are not licensed psychologist but understand the training in sport and exercise science to make them understand the human movement. For example a couch that motivates athletes and educates them about psychological skills to better advance their skills. This distinction is important because it builds confidence to athletes and helps their communication skills improve.
→Clinical on the other hand are very well trained in psychology that can detect and treat people with emotional disorders and are licensed. This distinction is important and needed because athletes can develop emotional disorders and might require help from these trained clinical individuals. 5. Define Science and explain four of its major goals.
→Science is a process or method of gaining knowledge about the world through a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical knowledge. 1. Systematic approaches goal is to study the questioned that is asked. 2. Control of conditions, which are the key elements and issues 3. Empirical goal is to observe the evidence and study it and be open about it. 4. Critical goal is to evaluate the studies brought by the individuals doing the experiment and come to a conclusion. 6. What is a theory and why are theories important in sport and exercise psychology?
→ Is a set of interrelated facts that present a systematic view of some phenomenon in order to describe, explain, and predict its future occurrences. It is important because it allows scientists to be really organized and know the correct number of facts.

7. Distinguish between research study and experiment.
→ The study is when an investigator observes or assesses without changing the environment in any way. In experiments investigators manipulates variables while observing them, then examines how changes in one or more variables affect changes in others.

8. Identify the strengths and limitations of scientifically derived knowledge and professional practice knowledge. How does each develop?
→ Strengths of scientifically derived knowledge are that they are highly reliable, are systematic, controlled, and have an objective and are unbiased. The limitations are having the lack of focus on external validity and are often slow to evolve. They are developed slowly.
→ Professional Practice is developed by gained experienced. There strengths are being immediate, holistic, and innovative. The limitations they conclude are that they are less reliable and have lack of explanations. 9. Describe the gap between research and practice, why it exists, and how it be can bridged.
→ The gap is part of a larger division between scientific and professional practice knowledge. It exist because few opportunities existed to transfer results to researchers and some of these exercise psychologist were optimistic about using this practice of teaching and changing the view of physical activity. Bridging this gap is paramount, but a good way to do so is with good communication by researchers and practitioners.

10. Describe Psychophysiological, Social-Psychological, and Cognitive- Behavioral Orientations.
→ Psychophysiological: is a belief that the best way to study behavior during sport and exercise is to examine the physiological process of the brain and the physical activity.
→ Social-Psychological orientation: is an assumption that behavior is determined by complex interaction between the environment and the perspective of the athlete.
→ Cognitive Behavioral orientation: is psychologist emphasizing the athletes or exerciser’s cogitations or thoughts to help control their behavior.

11. Why is there need for certification in contemporary sport and exercise psychology?
→ The is need for certification in contemporary sport and exercise psychology because they are consulting athletes, aiding them to do better in sports, conducting scientific research and teaching them.

12. Identify and briefly describe the six major ethic al principles in sport and exercise psychology. 1. Competence is a sense for sport psychologist to maintain the highest standards. 2. Integrity is teaching and consulting in science to demonstrate high integrity 3. Professional and Scientific responsibility is to put the best interest for their clients. 4. Respect for people rights and dignity is to protect and respect the value the people they work with and keep everything professional meaning not making their personal information publicly. 5. Concern for welfare and other is seeking to contribute the welfare for the people they work with. 6. Social Responsibility is protecting participant’s interest and contributes to their knowledge and human welfare. 13. What career opportunities exist in sport and exercise psychology? → Consulting positions →Sport psychologist →Teachers → Coaches 14. Why do contemporary sport psychologist need to take a global perspective?

→ Because it will increase the number of students that want to study this topic. New technology and knowledge will appear if we take it to a global perspective. With this we can understand other cultures and their views. It will embrace new knowledge that why it is important to expand it globally.