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Psychological Measures

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PSY4807:
Chapter 3: * ‘Measurement: is the transformation of psychological attributes into numbers’ * Properties of measurement scales: three key principles – magnitude – Is the measure of moreness – whether a measure is more, less of equal to another attribute. 2) Equal interval – distance between each interval is equal (6cm-8cm is the same interval as 10cm-12cm). 3) Absolute zero: nothing present of the attribute being tested. I.e 0 cm tall. Not the same for measuring intelligence, as a ‘0’ reading may indicate some intelligence, but scale does not measure this. * Categories of measurements are important when constructing assessments: 1) Nominal: number are assigned to a measurement to describe it (i.e 11 official languages assigned a number of 1-11). 2) Ordinal: numbers are assigned to an object to represent a specific sequential order (i.e finishing a race, height of people, etc). * Continuous date = can be measured on a continuum which can be broken down into smaller units. Two types: 1) Interval: equal numerical differences can be interpreted as relating to equal differences in a characteristic (i.e employees rating success of a company of a scale of 1-10). Ratio: not only are there equal differences be interpreted as equal differences between the characteristics, but also have an absolute zero. * Measurement errors: 1) Random sampling errors: occur as a result of chance variations in the elements selected for a sample. Reduced with increasing sample sizes. 2) Systematic error: error in research design causing respondent error or from a mistake in the execution of research design. * Measurement scales: 1. Category scales (each category defined) 2. Likert-type scales: to what degree to respondents agree or disagree with a statement. 3. Semantic differential scales: series of semantic differentials or

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