...Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Unlike Freud's theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson's theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan (Dolgin, 37). In each stage, Erikson believed people experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. In Erikson's view, these conflicts are centered on either developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. During these times, the potential for personal growth is high, but so is the potential for failure (Dolgin, 38). Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development has helped me understand the individual I am today. “Conflict” has served has a major turning point in my life. This conflict being the sudden illness of my father. This tragic event quickly helped me mature and really understand the meaning of life. “That’s not fair” was my signature quotation as a little girl. A life full of Barbie’s, tea parties, and several rounds of Go-Fish card games was very demanding for a six year old. I could only assume the world revolved around which Barbie I wanted to be, what frilly dress I wanted to wear, and my pristine skills of winning every round of Go-Fish. As a little princess, fairness was vital to what made me happy. Being daddy’s little girl, I hate to say, I did acquire all the fairness a little...
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...toward abstraction and higher-level thinking. Yet, the complexity of developme t cannot be explained by one single theory, and past theories need to be critically examined for their strengths and weakness. However, despite the flaws of past theories, the understandings and subsequent improvements to academic fields, such as education and psychology, have had long lasting implications. Discovery learning, using manipulative, peer collaboration, character education, and scaffolding concepts are all learning strategies use daily in the classroom and are credited to their origins in these past theories of development. Erik Erikson Erik Erikson (1950, 1963) does not talk about psychosexual Stages, he discusses psychosocial stages. His ideas, though, were greatly influenced by Freud, going along with Freud’s ideas about the structure and topography of personality. However, whereas Freud was an id psychologist, Erikson was an ego psychologist. He emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself, whereas Freud emphasized the conflict between the id and the superego. According to Erikson, the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises that are distinctly social in nature. These involve establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and helping the next generation prepare for...
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...Introduction Erikson has always been referred to in the light of emphasising on the work of Freud, as well as being critiqued on his work with making comparison to Sigmund Freud’s work as well. With Freud introducing the psychoanalytical theory and Erikson bringing about the stages of psychosocial developments, theorists would often elaborate on which theory would define one’s life best, and so therefore it remained a constant comparison made between Freud and Erikson. With the quote given as the assignment topic it clearly defines why Erikson had described himself as “a small man on the shoulders of a giant”, simply because he had big shoes to fill, and that being the work of Sigmund Freud, his teacher. 1. Four main ways Erikson extended Freud’s theory According to Engler, B. (2013) the first way in which Erikson extended Freud’s theory is whereby he had improved our understanding of the ego, showing that how the emergence out of the historical, genetic and cultural context of individuals helps the ego become a good problem solver as well. Secondly, he emphasised on Freud’s stages of development making strong social gestures towards it, however there was no clear statement of Erikson’s comments being made towards Freud’s work. Thirdly he extended our understanding of development by creating additional stages, making it the eight stages of psychosocial development placing prominence on stages from an individual’s infancy to old age. And lastly Erikson had discovered the...
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...BAAM 2012-2013 [pic] PDP Task 2 Tutor Dennis Reed Student Andrew Bennett Word count 1659 Table of Contents 1. Introduction page 3 2. Stakeholder concept page 3 3. Stakeholder vs Shareholder evaluation page 6 4. Where does my organisation fit in page 7 5. Organisational purpose page 8 6. Evaluation page 9 7. Reference page page 9 Introduction . I am Andrew Bennett, I work as a Team Manager for a Global corporation called Avery Dennison. The corporation has an 80 year history and is positioned at number 367 on the fortune 500 annual ranking of Americas largest corporations. CNN. (2012). Fortune 500 The purpose of this report is to: • Research and write a detailed literature review if my chosen area of career development • To consider my particular life stage and the transition to the next life stage • To provide links between the literature and my profession and industrial sector. • It will discuss what is relevant to my particular career development Where have I come from How did I get here? Was it on purpose? I like to think it was but have to admit an element of good luck has accompanied...
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...award-winning writer and this review does not convey the richness of Erikson's own explanations. It's also interesting to see how his ideas develop over time, perhaps aided by his own journey through the 'psychosocial crisis' stages model that underpinned his work. Erik Erikson first published his eight stage theory of human development in his 1950 book Childhood and Society. The chapter featuring the model was titled 'The Eight Ages of Man'. He expanded and refined his theory in later books and revisions, notably: Identity and the Life Cycle (1959); Insight and Responsibility (1964); The Life Cycle Completed: A Review (1982, revised 1996 by Joan Erikson); and Vital Involvement in Old Age (1989). Erikson's biography lists more books. Various terms are used to describe Erikson's model, for example Erikson's biopsychosocial or bio-psycho-social theory (bio refers to biological, which in this context means life); Erikson's human development cycle or life cycle, and variations of these. All refer to the same eight stages psychosocial theory, it being Erikson's most distinct work and remarkable model. The word 'psychosocial' is Erikson's term, effectively from the words psychological (mind) and social (relationships). Erikson believed that his psychosocial principle is genetically inevitable in shaping human...
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...Classical conditions The classical conditioning experiment conducted by Pavlov goes as follows: A dog is hooked to a mechanism that measures the amount that the dog salivates. A tone is sounded just before a dog is given meat powder. This occurs several times. Eventually, conditioning occurs in that the dog salivates just to the bell alone. Of course, the dog salivates instinctively in response to the food, but "learns" to salivate to the sound of the bell, much as you might find your mouth watering at the site, smell, or even memory of your favorite food. Pavlov used this relatively simple experiment as a model for describing much of the automatic/nonconscious learning that occurs in everyday life. In any case where you have “learned” to respond automatically to some sort of stimulus with fear, joy, excitement, or anticipation you have become classically conditioned. Cited: Ivan Petrovich Pavlov This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. My classical condition started when I took my family to ride the incredible hulk roller coaster in universal studios, Orlando Florida amusement park. I had always wondered what it would be like to ride that roller coaster. You haven't truly lived until you've experienced The Incredible Hulk's wild and unique uphill launch. The effect is like being trapped inside an airplane that’s flying out of control. Quickly accelerating uphill defies logic, and feels both exhilarating and terrifying. It is not for the faint of heart, this...
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...financial stability that she needs, and that it is a job she would like to continue because there is little burden to bring home after the workday. Furthermore, she wants to make sure that if she switches jobs, “it is going to be something that is going to benefit [her] down the line with what [she] is going into”. However, she later explains how it felt liberating to be able to remain where she is currently without someone pushing her decisions. Melissa realizes that there are benefits to switching her career, such as insurance benefits, but it appears that she is purposely choosing not to change. Many of the reasons for not switching she provided earlier in the session seems to be secondary reasons for not pursuing work more related to psychology, while the main reasons seems that she enjoys the degree of freedom and independence her new lifestyle is giving her. There may be shame and anxiety associated with the relief she experienced when she became independent once again. Melissa is rationalizing her decision to remain as a waitress because coming to terms with the...
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...Child Neglect: Negative Effects Richard Vergel Psy 2100: Developmental Psychology Fall 2012 Research Paper Outline I. Abstract / Intro II. Body Psychological, and/or social influences of neglect. A theoretical perspective: Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory. Chosen perspective’s view on neglect today. Bidirectional effects between your topic and society. III. Conclusion IV. Reference Page Abstract Psychologists agree that our identity form our personalities. Temperament being one of the main markers that each individual family’s parenting style must be adjusted to fit each child’s individual needs. Psychosocial Theory of Erik Erikson must be examined to see which stage deals with molding a young person’s personality, which leads to identity. What challenges do maladjusted children face? How harmful can neglect be to our personality development? The importance of Identity can be dependent on how watchful parents are, and the help our society offers to parents to raising a child (if available). It’s a boy! Well, I didn’t yell like that when my son was born. Mostly because everyone in the room and outside in the waiting room already knew he was a boy. But the excitement and joy experienced were even more pronounced than in any birth you have ever seen on TV, simply because he was my little boy. The overwhelming feeling of love and instinctive bond was immediate and incredible. But mostly I remember the need to protect and the questions...
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...Good for you—we're all short on time these days. Yes, it's ethically blah blah blah to cheat on a term paper blah. The question is: How do you do it right? For example, the chump move is to find some library book and copy big hunks out of it. No good: You still have to walk to the library, find a decent book, and link the hunks together with your own awful prose. Instead, why not just click on a term paper Web site and buy the whole damn paper already written by some smart dude? Que bella! Ah, but which site? I shopped at several online term paper stores to determine where best to spend your cheating dollar. After selecting papers on topics in history, psychology, and biology, I had each paper graded by one of my judges. These were: Slate writer David Greenberg, who teaches history at Columbia; my dad, who teaches psychology at the University of Rhode Island (sometimes smeared as the ASU of the East); and my girlfriend, who was a teaching assistant in biology at Duke (where she says cheating was quite common). So, which site wins for the best combination of price and paper quality? I compared free sites, sites that sell "pre-written papers," and a site that writes custom papers to your specifications. Free Sites A quick Web search turns up dozens of sites filled with free term papers. Some ask you to donate one of your own papers in exchange, but most don't. I chose one from each of our fields for comparison and soon found that when it comes to free papers, you get just about...
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...Jessica Lipchak Dr. Raeff Developmental Psychology 02 November 2012 HOW Did Maureen Develop Differently from Her Siblings? The Glass Castle is a captivating and heart wrenching memoir about the upbringing of a poor and highly dysfunctional family. The author, Jeannette Walls, entertains her readers by sharing the childhood memories of struggle her and her three siblings faced while being raised by their irresponsible and unreliable parents. Towards the end of the book, Jeannette and her siblings decide to move out of Welch, a depressive and poverty stricken town in West Virginia, to start lives for themselves in the city of New York. It is there where they all succeed on paths of their own, except for the youngest child, Maureen, who ends up being sent to rehab after stabbing her mother over an argument. Maureen’s developmental differences can be determined by analyzing and comparing cultural, social, and individual factors between her and her siblings. Culturally speaking, people are influenced all the time. From the rules people follow to the morals they live by, typical patterns of behavior reflect beliefs and values. No two cultures are the same. Therefore, people raised in different areas tend to experience different economic factors and demographic issues which influence opinions on values. In Maureen’s case, most of her childhood was spent in Welsh, where life was very hard for her family. Due to the fact their house was in shackles and garbage littered their front...
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...Research Paper on Chris Brown Ashley Marie Rodriguez John Jay College Criminal Justice, City University of New York Psychology of Personality Mindi Wapner, PhD, NCSP Fall 2015 The glamorous life of the music industry is no easy task to live up to. This kind of world requires dedication, talent, sacrifice, passion, and a plethora of other qualities one must have to arise to true stardom. Talent and good looks will only get oh so far in this industry, but what it really takes is, a whole lot originality and a sprinkle of “pizazz” to allow you to succeed beyond your wildest dreams. This is no easy job for the average Joe Schmo, who thinks that just having talent may be enough, there has to be that “it factor” that makes you stand above the rest. Many of the major/mainstream music labels in this day and age are looking for their next big hit that will make them millions of dollars in revenue for their brand. When you are an artist signed to a major label you become a brand ambassador for that label, as well as yourself. You must be willing to do what it takes to make your music, as well as your products sell, sell, and sell. But always keep in mind, when you are a well-known artist who lives in the spotlight and is releasing music on a constant basis, your life becomes super public, where you have people all over the world watching and judging everything you do. Now this next artist who I will be introducing in...
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...Eric Erickson and Sigmund Freud both believed there are stages in personality development with few differences. The Erickson theory is composed of eight stages that a normal human will go through from birth until death or one lifetime. Each of these stages can be related to different characters so it is easier to relate to. Trust Versus Mistrust The first stage of Erickson’s theory is trust versus mistrust. This stage is from birth to one year old and is based on the baby’s environment and the baby’s primary care giver. During this period, the baby builds a feeling of basic trust. If the baby’s primary care giver is consistent, predictable, and reliable, then, most likely the baby will carry this trust into other relationships, hoping for the best, developing a sense of trust in the world around them. On the other hand, if the baby is subject to the opposite, in a relationship with the primary caregiver that has been unkind, fickle, and unreliable then the child will develop a sense of mistrust. This will lead the baby down a horrible path and will not have confidence in the world around them or in their abilities to influence events resulting in a sense of mistrust into other relationships. This can result in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and have serious doubts in the world around them. A good example of this stage is Bam Bam Rubble, and Pebbles Flintstones from the popular television program, The Flintstones. This program ran on public television from 1960 to 1966...
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...Diploma in Counselling and Psychotherapy – year three, module one ‘Can we ever leave the past behind? 3058 words Introduction In this essay, approaches from Object Relations Theory and Erik Erikson’s theory of Life Stages are examined. The approaches are applied to illustrative clinical material taken from a fictional character. In addition, the essay uses Michael Jacob’s model of ‘The Triangle of Insight’ to facilitate the treatment and the exchanges that occur in supervision. Elizabeth Pargetter[1] Eight months after the sudden death of her husband and business partner Nigel, in a tragic accident, Elizabeth Pargetter (neé Archer) presented at her first counselling session. Whilst still experiencing the agony of her loss, she said that things were now beginning to move on in some parts of life. Her bond with the children, 11 year old twins Lily and Freddie, was strong and, although sometimes sad, they were coping well. The business, Lower Loxley – a stately home and conference centre, was also thriving and, after some initial reluctance, Elizabeth said that she has now taken on some very capable staff who had known Nigel and shared with her the history of the family and Lower Loxley Hall. Elizabeth said that, whilst appearing outwardly to cope with the children and the business, there were areas in her life that were of great concern that she had not been able to talk to anyone about. She said...
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...Mitch’s parents wanted him to study law or medicine- instead he graduated from the college in NYC with dreams of becoming a musician. Mitch’s parents had a lawyer and a physician as his possible self. On the other hand, Mitch had created a different possible self of himself- a successful musician. H tried hard for a while but wasn’t able to make it work. While in school, he saw his uncle die from pancreatic cancer at a very early age. He saw failure, pain, and death all at once; and realized this could happen to anyone. Mitch gave up his possible self, and studied journalism to become a sports columnist. He had a possible self as a musician who was surrounded by fans, and chased by reporters. Instead, he took an occupation that made him chase the celebrity players, research about them, and make his living talking about them. He worked hard and became successful in terms of money and fame. He forgot about his promises, old friends and teachers. He traveled the world, appeared on televisions, did many interviews, wrote lots of columns, and occasionally wondered if people will stop their lives if he stops writing columns. When the union went on strike, and he couldn’t publish articles, he was amazed to see the world move on as it did before. He constantly searched for his identity within the fame and success he had earned. Morrie, a former sociology professor of Mitch, is suffering from a life threatening illness known as ALS. He has already lost his legs to the disease...
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...Erickson's Timeline Izabella Lee PSY/230 04/26/15 After going over the stages the stage that I believe to be in is the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage. This stage happen in our adult age, me being 22 I'm just starting this stage and its where life seems to be heading for me right as of now. In this stage we share ourselves more intimately with others and explore relationships that lead into more long term relationships with other people who are not a family members. Which leads to the central question that is asked during this stage of life, "Will I be loved or Will I be alone?" I feel that My boyfriend, Toby and I have shown each other that we both love each other and are in it for the long run. We've been dating for 6 years and are both about to graduate college. In my opinion, this is the time to start getting more serious in our relationship as in moving in together and starting life together. Making those little steps. In the ways that I think that I have sought out to answer these question is getting conformation through Toby that he is going to move forward in life with me and that he truly love me in that he starts talking about the future with me rather than me bring it up. Now if we are looking at another person I'd pick Toby because I do believe that he is in a different stage then I am right now. The stage is Identify vs. Role Confusion which is a stage where we become more independent and began to look at the future in what career we want and...
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