...Abnormal psychology is the “study of behavior that is deemed not normal” (Jay, 2005, P. 104). Individuals who demonstrate abnormal behavior may be diagnosed with a particular mental disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition (DSM-IV) the American Psychiatric Association diagnostic manual, mental disorders fall into 16 categories. The mental disorders that make up these categories include: disorders often diagnosed in childhood/adolescence, Delirium, Dementia, and other cognitive disorders, mental disorders due to a general medical condition, substance-related disorders, Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorder, factitious disorder, dissociative disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, eating disorders, sleep disorders, impulse control disorders, adjustment disorders, and finally personality disorders (Jay, 2005). This paper will analyze the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of phobias and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). For each disorder, this paper will provide a definition and the DSM-IV symptom criteria, various/possible etiologies, and various/possible treatments. Phobias and OCD are both forms of anxiety disorders. One component that nearly all anxiety disorders share is the panic attack; such an attack lasts only for a discrete period of time, often 10 minutes. During a panic attack, an individual experiences overwhelming feelings of...
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...patohyChapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Bodily Growth and Change Sleep Patterns and Problems ● Sleep terror: The abrupt awakening of a child or adult from deep sleep in a state of panic, usually about one hour after falling asleep. The person typically remembers nothing about the episode in the morning. Also known as a night terror. Enuresis: Repeated urination in clothing or in bed. ● Brain Development Motor Skills ● ● ● Gross motor skills: Physical skills that involve the large muscles. Fine motor skills: Physical skills that involve the small muscles and hand-eye coordination. Systems of action: Increasingly complex combinations of skills, which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment. Handedness ● Handedness: Preference for using a particular hand. Artistic Development ● ● ● ● Scribble: In the first stage of children’s artistic development, the vertical and zigzag lines drawn in patterns by young children. Shapes: Circles, squares, triangles, and other figures drawn by young children in the second stage of artistic development. Designs: The stage of artistic development in which children combine shapes into more complex designs. Pictorial: The stage of artistic development in which children draw actual depictions of objects, such as houses and trees. HEALTH AND SAFETY Nutrition: Preventing Obesity Malnutrition Deaths and Accidental...
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...University of Phoenix Material Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet Part I: Motivation, Emotion, and Behavior Explain the relationships between motivation, emotion, and behavior. How does emotion affect motivation? Provide an example of a specific behavior, and the motivators and emotions that can be behind that behavior. Your response must be at least 300 words. Motivation, emotion, and behavior are all similar in the way that the more emotionally involved in something that motivates you the better your behavior towards it. For instance, you will eat more of a certain food if you like it and you will engage more in a behavior if you enjoy it. Motivation is affected by emotion in the way that motivation is something that makes a person want to work harder to achieve a goal to receive a much wanted reward. Emotions come up when the person is trying to reach that goal, it comes from the achievement or failure of the goal that the person was trying to reach. Emotion affects motivation in the way that people tend to try to reach goals that would lead to the happiness or satisfaction of the individual as a whole. Emotion can be the overall pro or con of the motivation. Part II: Theories of Emotion Summarize the four major theories of emotion. Identify which theory you think is the most valid. What makes this theory more valid to you than the others? Identify which theory of emotion you think is the least valid. What makes this theory less valid to...
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...Problems with IQ and Psychometric Assessment When diagnosing a child’s learning difficulties the IQ test and other forms of Psychometric Assessment continue to be used across the UK and elsewhere as an indication of a child's ‘intelligence’ and continue to be a key factor in special school placement. Colin Newton Inclusive Educational Psychologist Co Founder Inclusive Solutions December 2009 We have to provide an IQ score so that the CAHMS team can allocate their resources. They keep asking us.... (Principal Educational Psychologist - 2008- Unnamed UK Local Authority) How sad that what follows still needs to be written in 2008! Perhaps we all need a little reminder... The story so far... Intelligence testing began in earnest in France, when in 1904 psychologist Alfred Binet was commissioned by the French government to find a method to differentiate between children who were ‘intellectually normal and those who were inferior’. The purpose was to put the latter into special schools where they would receive more individual attention. In this way the disruption they caused in the education of intellectually normal children could be avoided. Sound a familiar argument? Such thinking was a natural development from Darwinism and the Eugenics movement that dates back to Sir Francis Galton in 1869 that famous scientific polymath who promoted the idea that for society to prosper the ‘weakest’ should not be allowed...
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...1. Knowledge of the body’s response to stress, explain why you are likely to have experienced these changes. The stem refers to the body of responding to a short term stressor, were the body is involved with preparing itself for either fight or fight. The release of adrenaline is responsible for increasing the heart rate and faster breathing and the dry mouth is linked to the digestive system ‘shutting down’. 2. What does figure 1 tell you about the relationship between stress and illness? The graph (figure 1) shows that there is a positive correlation between stress and illness. Also it shows that the more stress a person has, the more days off work they take due to illness. 2b. Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlation on stress research. Strength: Weakness: Strength: can study relationship between variables that occur naturally. Can measure things that cannot be manipulated experimentally. Can suggest trends that can lead to experiments. Weakness: It is not possible to say that one thing causes another. Just because there is a correlation between stress scores and days off it does not mean that stress caused people to take days off work, or there may be another variable connecting them. Elaboration through the use of an appropriate example can also receive credit. Any other appropriate answer can get credit. One mark for a brief outline of strength/limitation and a further mark for elaboration. For example, cannot say one thing causes another (1...
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...“玻璃天花板” 效应研究综述 ■ 卢王景磨玉峰副教授(桂林电子科技大学广西桂林541004) ◆ 中图分类号:F275 文献标识码:A 术工作时间比较短,因此薪资无法与男性 内容摘要:女性职业生涯发展研究是 职业生涯研究的重要组成部分,而大 多数女性在其职业生涯发展中都会遇 到“玻璃天花板”效应这一升迁障碍。 本文从“玻璃天花板”的成因、造成的 男性那般敬业、女性不够坚强或太情绪化、 相提并论.另外研究也发现女性在较高的 女性不愿加班或接受不正常的工作时间、 专业阶层的代表性不足。Guy(1994)曾 女性的侵略性不够或是侵略心太强、女性 解释性别刻板印象会造成“玻璃天花板”、 无法果断决策等,这些都是造成女性在面 玻璃墙、泥泞地板等。而阻碍女性的升迁 对升迁时遭受不公平对待的原因。 影响和打破“玻璃天花板”障碍等方面 发展。因此他认为性别平衡应是组织必须 通过对上述文献的回顾,可以看出企 对国内外女性在职业生涯发展中的 努力达成的目标。Lynch&Post(1996) 业中女性升迁障碍的因素有三部分。社会 “玻璃天花板”效应研究的现状进行了 曾讨论“玻璃天花板”现象的本质及目前 整体面:性别刻板印象、成见和偏差因素; 综述。 争论的相关议题。他们认为男性和女性工 组织内部结构:组织内部的升迁、组织气 资差距近年来已有缩小的趋势,而“玻璃 候、输送带障碍、培育辅导过程、考绩、训 天花板”效应是受到年龄、性别与资历的 练方式;政府:政府缺乏持续而有效的监督 企业当中,因受到传统观念的影 影响。Mani I 1997)曾分析美国联邦主管 企业执行就业平等法的规定,及相关打破 响.女性在工作、升迂方面多少都 人员的职业生涯和特征,并探讨影响其成 。玻璃天花板”的议题与信息缺少研究等。 会受到性别歧视的影响,这对于 功的有利与不利因素,他提到在公共政策、 女性的职业升迁来说并不公平,因此有学 个人特质以及组织文化均会影响到女性的 者开始着手研究,并称此现象为“玻璃天 升迁发展。 关t词:女性职业生涯 玻璃天花板 职业发展 在 花板”效应(glass ceiling effect)。 “玻璃天花板”造成的影响 在“玻璃天花板”的后果研究文献方 Wilz和Savage也指出,“玻璃天花板” 面.Eve rett.ThO rne&Danehowe r “玻璃天花板”基本涵义为:女性或是 的形成有两个主要的因裹性别刻板印象。 (1996)探讨两性对于女性担任主管的态 少数族群没办法晋升到企业或组织高层。 女性被视为缺乏管理性格,不能胜任高层 度有何差异,并提出企业若存在“玻璃天 并非是因为其能力或经验不够,或是不想 管理职务,甚至被界定为情感性的提供者: 花板”障碍,会影响到女性主管的职业生 获得其职位,而是一些针对女性和少数族 组织制度设计。因为科层组织由男性建立. 涯发展。另外。何委娥(1992)以已婚职 群在升迁方面,组织似乎设下了一层障碍, 工作本质是理性的、客观的,男性是主要 业妇女为对象.发现升迂障碍会影响职业 这层障碍有时甚至是无形的。因此,如果 的法规制定者,整个科层组织宛如男性世 生涯发展、生活满意度与工作满意度,并 组织中的女性或少数族群在职业生涯有所 界,女性是与这个组织疏远的、陌生的。从 说明职业生涯与工作满意度之间的关系。 发展阶梯慢慢往上攀升,尤其快要接近顶 以上的分析得知,整个组织是存在性别不...
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...Delicadeza : A Thread of Filipino Values The Filipino value system arises from our culture or way of life, our distinctive way of becoming human in a particular place and time. We speak of Filipino values in a good sense. Delicadeza, good manners and right conduct? There are still people with delicadeza. Delicadeza is derived from the Spanish word delicado which means delicate, fragile, easily broken, irreplaceable and precious. Delicadeza was once placed in Philippine culture, it suggests gentleness the exquisite qualities of sensitivity, tactfulness and refinement. All these virtues are born from a sense of propriety and decency like doing the right thing when no one is looking. Filipinos are known for this positive trait, it is an important value that parents should pass on to their children, having delicadeza means your integrity and honor are in tact. You insist on doing the right thing even when people aren’t watching, because to you it’s not about letting the whole world know, it’s about believing that there is a correct way of doing things, acting your values and not taking advantage of every opportunity for self-gain and selfishness. Delicadeza means the sensitiveness of someone, it says refined responsive bearing of somebody contrary to see shamelessness. It even conveys elementary good manners and right conduct, ladylike actuation and gentlemanly behavior, in other words, “delicadeza” stands for sensibility on the part of an individual such that it sees and...
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...Spirituality is signified in having an attachment to religious values, or matters of the spirit rather than material or worldly interests. Spirituality is important to our lives in all aspects to have a balanced live. Our mind body and soul have to be in harmony with each other, you can experience being spiritual when you enjoy listening to a beautiful piece of music, looking at an amazing work of art or even reading an inspirational book or poem. Stress is our body’s way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. Of course there is a relationship between stress management and spiritually. This can help you feel a sense of purpose in life. Shaping your spirituality may help uncover what’s most meaningful in your life. By understanding what’s important, you can focus less on the unimportant things and eliminate stress. In another aspect of stress management and spirituality is how congruent your actions and behaviours are in relationship to who you believe you are at your core. It’s said that the body was designed to function best when it is balanced. Here are the balanced points: spiritually, physically emotionally and thoughts. When you are balanced, your actions and deeds your behaviour, are in perfect shape with the belief and the value system. But when you’re imbalanced you notice your changes in your verbal and non-verbal behaviours, such as: Bullying Gossiping, Judgement and also rolling of the eyes and even walking...
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...Course Description This is the first half of the Anatomy and Physiology for majors, based upon “Fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology” by Frederic H. Martini textbook (ninth edition), you will study the basics of cells, tissues and some organs as integumentary system, skeletal system, muscle system and Nervous system. It is indispensable and Mandatory for the class to have Course Compass My Lab/Mastering as a tool provided with your book package at Miami Dade College Bookstore. Use the following course ID: cendon57714 Please make sure that you read everything in this handout because this is our contract and agreement with the rules of this class The above course links to the following Learning Outcomes: * Communicate effectively using listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. * Solve problems using critical thinking and scientific reasoning. * Use computers and emerging technologies effectively. * Describe how natural systems function and recognize the impact of humans on the environment. | This course does not have pre-requisites, but it is very important to have background in Chemistry and Biology. | | Corequisite(s) BSC 2085 lab | Course Competencies: Competency 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to understand the meaning of these two terms by: 1.1 Defining anatomy and physiology, and explaining how they are related. 1...
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...------------------------------------------------- Course Syllabus US101 INTRODUCTION TO UNIVERSITY STUDIES Course Start Date: 05/03/10 Course End Date: 07/04/10 Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered the ruling document. Copyright Copyright ©2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. University of Phoenix© is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft©, Windows©, and Windows NT© are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix© editorial standards and practices. Facilitator Information Tamirra Hoye thoye13@email.phoenix.edu (University of Phoenix) Tamirra.Hoye@ymail.com (Personal) 602-327-3606 (MST) Facilitator Availability will be online at various times throughout the day (around my lunchtime at work and again in the evenings). I am always present in our classes on five of seven days during the online week. I typically like to reserve Saturday...
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...Here is my evaluation of Melissa, a 25 year old woman who was brought into my care unconscious and unresponsive after an automobile accident. When she was given an EEG there was no evidence that the mammalian part of her brain had any action potentials. With further investigation, we have seen AP in her primitive or reptilian part of her brain and that is why Melissa is still breathing with help of respirator and her heart rate is within normal range. Her Cortex obtained major damage in her frontal, parietal,occipital and temporal lobes and shut down all neuron activity in Melissa’s brain. Meaning her brain is producing no electrical impulses, or impulses that indicate it can-support life. A person in this state has no thoughts, and no chance of ever having thoughts again, and can only be kept alive with constant care by medical staff and machinery. Melissa has brain death and will no longer be able to be herself ever again she is accentually dead, as the Melissa you know died the minute her Cortex was damaged and her neurons stopped producing electrical currents. This patient is only breathing and her heart beating because the reptilian part of the base of the brain is still sending out life supporting neurons to keep these basic functions going. This is not to be mistaken for a coma,if she was lucky enough to endure this kind of brain damage, she may be able to stay alive and regain some of her traits that make up who Melissa is. There are no guarantees that if Melissa did...
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...Two Case Studies from “The Life Span – Human Development for Helping Professionals” by Patricia C. Broderick and Pamela Blewitt July 12th, 2009 by David Kronemyer · No Comments The following two case studies are based on the book The Life Span – Human Development for Helping Professionals (2006, 2nd ed.) by Patriia C. Broderick and Pamela Blewitt. There also are occasional references to The Six Stages of Parenthood by Ellen Galinsky. Case Study # 1 – Chapter 4 – p. 142 Synopsis of the Case Study The case study illustrates the travails of teen pregnancy and its impact on family dynamics. It is eerily prescient of the recent contretemps involving Sarah Palin, the (former) governor of Alaska; her daughter Bristol; Bristol’s child, Tripp; and Tripp’s father, Levi Johnston. Teen pregnancy is a serious problem. A recent study shows that after improvement in the 1990s and early 2000s positive sexual behavioral change related to teen pregnancy has stalled or even reversed. Recent behavioral trends portend stagnant or even rising teen birth and pregnancy rates through 2008, Santelli, J., Lindberg, L., Dias, D. & Orr, M. (2009), “Changing Behavior Risk for Teen Pregnancy in the United States, 1991 – 2007.” J. Adolescent Health, 44(2), S44 – S49. Simultaneously Federal, state and local governments spend hundreds of millions of dollars on abstinence programs that require highly specific characteristics in order to contribute to the reduction of its incidence, Kirby, D. & Laris...
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...CHAPTER 1: The Science of Psychology 1. Who founded the first Psychology laboratory and when was it (HINT: it was in Germany)? What else was he known for? a. First Lab 1879- Leipzig, Germany. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of psychology as discipline. Conscious experience and building blocks, trained many early psychologists 2. Identify the following, and the one or two main names (if applicable): Structuralists, Functionalists, Gestalt Psychology, Behaviorism Psychoanalysis, Humanistic Psychology, Cognitive Psychology b. Structuralists: Titchener- Wundt’s student. Wanted to examine the structure of mind and organization of basic elements of sensations, feelings, and images. “Structure of the mind” Example: I see a square as composed of four separate lines. Introspection: observing ones own conscious reactions. c. Functionalism- William James- first American psychologist. “Mental associations allow us to benefit from previous experience.” Deals with function, what does consciousness does to us, what is the purpose etc. d. Gestalt psychology- Max Wertheimer. Objects are well-organized structures, whole objects instead of parts. Ex. A square is a Square e. Behaviorism psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud. Founded psychoanalysis in early 1900s, focused on unconscious thoughts in determining behavior. Psychoanalysis- feelings come from a hidden place in your mind called unconscious. f. Behaviorism- John Watson, B.F. Skinner. We can predict behaviors...
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...Spirituality is signified in having an attachment to religious values, or matters of the spirit rather than material or worldly interests. Spirituality is important to our lives in all aspects to have a balanced live. Our mind body and soul have to be in harmony with each other, you can experience being spiritual when you enjoy listening to a beautiful piece of music, looking at an amazing work of art or even reading an inspirational book or poem. Stress is our body’s way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. Of course there is a relationship between stress management and spiritually. This can help you feel a sense of purpose in life. Shaping your spirituality may help uncover what’s most meaningful in your life. By understanding what’s important, you can focus less on the unimportant things and eliminate stress. In another aspect of stress management and spirituality is how congruent your actions and behaviours are in relationship to who you believe you are at your core. It’s said that the body was designed to function best when it is balanced. Here are the balanced points: spiritually, physically emotionally and thoughts. When you are balanced, your actions and deeds your behaviour, are in perfect shape with the belief and the value system. But when you’re imbalanced you notice your changes in your verbal and non-verbal behaviours, such as: Bullying Gossiping, Judgement and also rolling of the eyes and even walking...
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...Psychology Assignment Anthony Cervantes DeVry University Psychology assignment Operant conditioning is largely governed by the consequences associated with the environment. Example-A child who is beaten every time its mother, will cry when it sees the mother take a stick even if the mother is not intending to beat the kid. Cognitive learning is developed from abstract thinking, solving questions and any other form of reasoning required. Example- Filling a jig-saw puzzle. Observational learning is the sort of learning where after observing what other people do, you retain it and the next time you can also behave the same way. Example-The way someone walks. Prejudice is developed through operant conditioning in that the object that instills the discipline becomes the reference point of the learner, Example- as in the case above explained for operant conditioning the child becomes prejudiced against sticks. In the case of the classical conditioning which is determined by reflex actions, the learner will be prejudiced towards that direction. Example is the Pavlov Dog. Memory techniques for a presentation Connection Technique-This is where you need to connect what you already know to what you are trying to know. Let’s say I want to memorize some long reference number in the program, I can relate the numbers to songs, famous years and birthdays. Repetition- This is the method where you repeat something to yourself until it sticks in the...
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