...reluctance to hire people with criminal records). Identifying effective interventions to increase employment for the offender population is needed, as we know that recidivism is less likely among ex-offenders who secure higher wages and high-quality jobs. As we can see, it is important to focus on this population as it is proven that ex-offenders’ ability to secure and maintain employment is seen as crucial to a successful reintegration and avoidance of recidivism. Thus far though, research reports that ex-offenders face numerous barriers, and that their attempt to reenter the workforce is often unsuccessful. First, public policies create challenges for ex-offenders reintegration and self-improvement, denying access to public assistance or student loans in most states. In addition, ex-offenders’ characteristics such as poor job-related skills, lack of job experiences and job connections, low level of education, transportation difficulties, substance use history and other mental and physical problems creates barriers that will affect employers’ attitudes toward hiring ex-offenders. The stigma of incarceration is yet another barrier that ex-offenders face, making the issue of long-term unemployment central to their life. Preparation of ex-offenders for reentry should begin before they return to their community and should include job skills and placement to improve the chance of a successful transition back to society. As of now, ex-offenders receive vocational training that focuses...
Words: 940 - Pages: 4
...such a radical change was the encouragement towards rehabilitation and reintegration. Rehabilitation is a treatment or program in which, it stop offenders from continuing to offend and harm the society. Research shows that putting young offenders into rehab centers and programs gives them support and improve their level of maturity. The YCJA also helps the offenders by reintegrating them back into the society by; providing them with jobs/community services, getting help from probation officers and supporting the youth to have a better chance of not committing a crime again. As you can see how rehabilitation affects a young person’s quality of life by giving them the knowledge of right or wrong. Going back to quality of life, in this situation the youth have been supported mentally by rehabilitation and...
Words: 876 - Pages: 4
...SOCI 2450 A Prof. Darryl T. Davies Bill C-10: Issues of Interest Nidhal Abubakar 100896803 Bill C-10: Issues of Interest Nidhal Abubakar 100896803 2015 2015 There are many issues surrounding the content of Bill C-10. This essay will examine issues that affect the criminal code and provide evidence that the Bill is not progressive for Canada to deal with crime and the judicial process. By looking at the issues such as mandatory minimum sentences and the proposition of the bill we will look at the challenges that will be faced and met. The bill also introduces eliminating conditional sentences and eliminates double credit for time already served as well as introduces changes to the Youth Criminal Justice Act to impose harsher sentences for young offenders. This essay will delve into information that will bring the various issues to light. Firstly an explanation of Bill C-10 will be provided to understand what changes will be made to the Criminal code and who it affects. The dissection of the Bill will open the dialogue for this essay for appropriating topical issues with the concept of progress in a manner that reflects the trouble that this Bill brings to Canadian society. Bill C-10 was introduced by the Minister of Justice on the 20th of September 2011. The Act includes the enactment of the Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act and amendments to the State Immunity Act, the Criminal Code, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, the...
Words: 3926 - Pages: 16
...Summary of critiqued article: “Are All Gangs Equal Security Risks? An Investigation of Gang types and Prison Misconduct” - Ruddel, R., Gottschall, S. (May 5, 2011) To date, there has been very little scholar investigation towards the different types of gangs in Canadian penitentiaries, and their unique contributions to prison misconduct. Gangs in the correctional system are one the biggest problems facing correctional staff and administrators. Does every gang pose the same threat towards the Canadian correctional system? This study is an attempt at comparing the various gang members admitted into the correctional system between January 1, 2006 and August 31, 2009. It examines the offence-related characteristics of 1,636 gang members compared to 1,649 non-gang member counterparts. The 5 distinct types of gangs studied are: Aboriginal, Asian, street, outlaw motorcycle (OMG), and traditional organized crime (TOC). This study revealed that there are, in fact, distinct characteristics to each gangs conduct in the correctional system: Aboriginals have highest misconduct, highest rates of previous incarceration; street gangs were similar in violence but had less previous prison sentences; OMG had lower involvement in violent offences, but had longest sentences. Aboriginal gangs being the most violent, then Asian and street, followed by OMG gangs and TOC as the least. The closer examinations of these security threat groups (STG) suggest that the correctional system should imply...
Words: 2013 - Pages: 9
...behaviour. Finally, the restorative justice model is adopted to promote the sense of moral wrong in the individual’s crime. A Retreat in the CJS 3 In recent years, the Canadian government has been working on implementing a stricter justice system. The omnibus crime bill C-10, was enacted in order to achieve this measure. The act consists of a concept in which includes harsher sentencing, mandatory minimums and a zero tolerance policy. This legislation attempts to put victims first, instead of defending the rights of offenders. What the government has failed to distinguish is that crime rates in Canada have been decreasing gradually over the past decade. In addition, the new legislation does not seem to address the rehabilitation and reintegration matters of offenders into society. In fact there is no evidence in which suggests that the bill was enacted according to any underlying causes of...
Words: 2549 - Pages: 11
...implemented a variety of treatment programs to improve offenders and to provide them with the tools necessary to be successful members of society (Seiter, 2011). The need for rehabilitation of offenders was emphasized by the Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, appointed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1966, which noted a need for “substantial upgrading” of the correctional system and its reorientation “toward integration of offenders into community life” (Seiter, 2011). Throughout the years, many processes have been created to form the rehabilitation process of criminal justice. This process has reached out to many offenders and their families by allowing them to return to the community as changed individuals. Rehabilitation has many different process, but most, if not all have been proven successful in returning offenders to the community as changed individuals (Seiter, 2011). Rehabilitation is defined as a return to a previous form. In criminal justice, rehabilitation is referred as a designed attempt to change attitudes and behaviors of inmates, concentrating on the prevention of an inmate's future criminal behaviors (Seiter, 2011). The emphasis of rehabilitation is clearly proactive and focused on preventing future crimes. Correctional officials believe this may be their most important function, protecting society in the long term by reducing...
Words: 1454 - Pages: 6
...In fact, there were some suggestions of negative impacts of harsh policies, in that “[c]ounties that made fewer drug arrests, and concentrated their enforcement efforts on felony manufacture or sale rather than simple drug-possession offences were significantly more likely to experience declines in violent crime.... Counties that rarely imprisoned low-level drug offences showed the largest reduction in violent and property crime” (pp. 10–11). Minor drug arrests appear to have “no relationship to, and no impact on, either crime or drug abuse” (p. 14). Notably, Californians voted by a 61%–39% margin in 2000 to require drug treatment instead of jail for those arrested for drug possession or use. Indeed, it would appear that they have learned that they are not getting “value for money” from the billions of dollars being spent to imprison small drug-users. In fact, California voters were not alone in demanding reform of harsh drug laws: there were drug policy issues on ballots in seven states in the recent election, and in five of them, harsh drug laws were voted out. Combined with the long-term drop in crime (especially violent crime) that has taken place over the past ten to fifteen years, as well as the budget crises at the state level, this gradual recognition in the US of the enormous costs of harsh sentences, with little criminal justice benefits, has — in fact — led to a decline in support for prisons as a one-(jumbo)-size-fits-all solution. As King and Mauer (2002) noted already...
Words: 3949 - Pages: 16
...Mental Illness Ellen is a 35 year old laboratory technician, she is happily married and has a beautiful three-year-old daughter Emily. Unfortunately in the last three years she has been unable to enjoy her life or her family as well as she wants to. She has been suffering from a severe form of Postnatal Depression which has forced her to leave her job and spend eleven months in a psychiatric hospital. While now on the road to recovery, Ellen admits that the hardest part of her illness is coping with the attitude of others: "I had no history of mental illness prior to my daughter being born. I was happy and successful in life but now I find myself being treated as an alien. People, including family and friends, seem not to know what to say to me - so they say nothing. Little is known by the majority of folk about "clinical depression", so you're treated as an outcast". 1) Poor mental health is something which will probably affect everyone of us to some degree, either directly or indirectly, at sometime during our lives. 2) But despite the fact that mental disorder is classified as an "illness" which can be "treated" just like physical illness, many psychiatric patients can identify with Ellen's experience of feeling like an outcast. 3) Society can be very uncomfortable around those with mental health problems and as a result, there is a general reluctance among people to admit to mental distress or to reveal that one has been hospitalised, taken medication or had...
Words: 2367 - Pages: 10
...(CoSA) was created in 1994 as a restorative justice program in which the community be involved in the "restoration, reintegration, and risk management" of sexual offender, male or female into society (Wilson, Huculak, & McWhinnie, 2002, p. 375 & CoSA Canada INC,2015, np). The volunteers inspiration was to keep to community safe with being supportive to the offender, "core member", with the utlimate goal of the core member not reoffending (Wilson, Huculak, & McWhinnie, 2002, p. 375). The process is a group of volunteers meet with the core offender weekly and every day to address issues (Wilson, Huculak, & McWhinnie, 2002, p. 376). CoSA Canada INC supports and trains the volunteers, pyschologists, police representative, and physicians to aid the core member in healing and reintegrate into the community safely (2015, & Wilson, Huculak, & McWhinnie, 2002, p. 375). RJ option project was adapted from the Wagga Wagga project in which brings together the victim, community, and offender to allow the victim and community to express the harm the convicted offender created and allow the offender to take responsibility for their actions and facilitated by RCMP (Crimesolutions.gov, 2013 & Wilson, Huculak, & McWhinnie, 2002, p. 372). The victim and community are able to verbalize the trauma inflicted upon them towards the offender therefore able to impact the "antisocial attitudes and antisocial peer affliations" while positively affecting values and beliefs (Wilson, Huculak, & McWhinnie, 2002...
Words: 973 - Pages: 4
...Essay#1: The Effects of Probation and Imprisonment on Criminal Justice The philosophy of restorative justice and the reform concept of sentencing alternatives to imprisonment have well become the established practice in many courtrooms. With the achieved high level of recognition, many policymakers tend to actively perform the community-based and productive sentencing policies instead of the crime policies that are punitive and individualistic in nature. This article is going to examine the actual negative social impacts on incarceration and the accompanying sense of intractable social consequences as the evidence to argue that incarceration is less effective than other social intervention in producing the outcomes of public safety and the reductions in crime. In the case of Dan and Lindsay Smith, if the judge assigns the accused to probation rather than imprisonment, the accused can receive a suspended sentence to remain in the community under supervision as well as experiencing various amounts of social benefits both for individual and the state(Mauer, 2005, p. 607). Such community correctional sentence can provide a chance for the convicted persons to test their ability and fulfill the legal and moral standards without diminishing their social integrity and disfigurement. Probation has been developed as a community-based correctional sanction to reduce the probationers’ recidivism level through the community notification orders and community participation process...
Words: 1183 - Pages: 5
...Yo r k W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children Copyright © January 2000 by Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58030-000-6 Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children 122 East 42nd Street New York, NY 10168-1289 tel. 212.551.3111 or 3088 fax. 212.551.3180 e-mail: wcrwc@intrescom.org www.intrescom.org/wcrwc.html w cover photographs © Rachel K. Jones, Marc Sommers, Sarah Samson, Holly Myers, Anne-Sophie Rosette, International Rescue Committee M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children seeks to improve the lives of refugee women and children through a vigorous program of public education and advocacy, and by acting as a technical resource. The Commission, founded in 1989 under the auspices of the International Rescue Committee, is the only organization in the United States dedicated solely to speaking out on behalf of women and children uprooted by armed conflict or persecution. Acknowledgments The Women’s Commission expresses its sincere thanks to the scores of practitioners who participated in the study and to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, UNHCR (Senior Coordinator for Refugee Children Office) and Dr. Gail Furman for their generous support and commitment to children and adolescents affected by war and persecution. This report was researched and written by Jane Lowicki, Senior Coordinator, Children and...
Words: 101041 - Pages: 405
...Running Head: Review Review [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Review Introduction The NSW Government greets the Noetic Group’s tactical appraisal of the New South Wales Juvenile Justice organization. The Government admits the Report’s judgment that the figure of young citizens in protection is increasing, it is essential for the demonstration of Aboriginal young community in safe keeping and those additional successful choices might be accessible to decrease recidivism surrounded by immature people. As the account notes, efficiently dropping juvenile offense is a multifaceted responsibility want a strategic move toward and synchronized action across government organizations, non-government organizations, and the society. Recommendations Reply to Report Recommendations proof- based advanced Efforts to decrease juvenile wrong should have their foundation on the obtainable embodiment. The Government powerfully sustains this approach. The Report submits to a broad variety of national as well as worldwide research on policies to decrease juvenile offending behavior and plans to sketch together the available body of confirmation on answers to the minor offense. The Government looks for out evidence on active young fairness practice from many sources counting interior research as well as reviews, other jurisdictions – national and international, academic, non-government associations and the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR). The confirmation base...
Words: 1417 - Pages: 6
...social security is undergoing a major transformation. Besides the right to receive financial support the focus is mainly on the right to find suitable work. E-government is seen as a tool to achieve this long-term goal with maximum results. Within UWV a Customer Relations Office and Virtual Front Office is working towards achieving the objectives of e-government. The department of Document and Information Management (DIM) is playing a pivotal role in laying the foundation to support the Virtual Front Office, by making all case related information digitally available and accessible. This paper emphasizes the responsibility of the Department of Document and Information Management (DIM) in supporting the transformation at UWV in the field of input-, output and records management. Both the issues of technology and human-resource management are discussed. Current developments within the organisation and specifically within the Department of DIM are focused upon ensuring a high-quality workforce. 1. Introduction In the Netherlands, social security is currently going through a stage of transformation and innovation. All social-security related bodies (UWV, CWI), reintegration centres, local authorities, interest groups and trade and industry are cooperating intensively in order to improve the service provided to citizens. The main objective of the Dutch government is to shift focus from people’s...
Words: 4340 - Pages: 18
...practice which was considered morally repugnant, but its value in society could also be seen. Considering the large influence that Christianity had on medieval European society, the church’s opinion of prostitution was adopted by society at large. Since Christianity valued virginity in women so highly, it would seem natural that the church would be against prostitution and would try to eliminate it as a profession in society. However, in practice, the medieval church did not go to great lengths to punish prostitutes. Considering this fact, what was Christianity’s and more generally society’s attitude toward prostitution? In what ways did the church and the legal authorities face the morally unacceptable practice of prostitution? Based on the laws of the late Medieval period and evidence of the abundance of prostitutes in Europe, it is clear that society had an ambiguous standpoint towards prostitution, denouncing it as immoral while simultaneously accepting it as a necessary evil. The understanding of the definition of a prostitute has not always been the same. Usually, a prostitute is understood as a person who engages in sexual activity in exchange for money or other material compensation. However, the church historically defined women who were simply promiscuous as prostitutes, even when no payment had been made. From...
Words: 2674 - Pages: 11
...1 Introduction The mapping which follows was conducted over a period of six weeks during February and March 2003, including one week of preparation and one week of report writing. Regional working group members of Save the Children Sweden - Denmark (SCSD) in the respective countries took the responsibility for identifying and contacting organisations and individuals who are working to combat CSA, particularly those providing psychosocial support to children affected by abuse. A total of 34 organisations and individuals were met. Six days were spent in each country, except in Afghanistan, where only three days were spent. The six locations were Peshawar, Islamabad and Karachi. Organisations met included those working on child sexual exploitation and sexual health, and those working with communities of street children, MSM (men who have sex with men), and trafficked women and girls. Many groups could not be visited due to time limitations. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), university psychology departments, community-based organisations (CBOs), international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and donor agencies, as well as independent research consultants and a theatre animator | | | were amongst the contacts met. Interviews were held | | | with those at management level, heads of organisations, | | | coordinators of child protection units, trainers, | | | programme officers, field workers, therapists and | | | counsellors. Wherever possible...
Words: 9700 - Pages: 39
