...Comparison Paper Karen Kennedy NUR/408 March 07, 2016 Kim Hall Comparison Paper This paper will examine public health resources provided by county, state and on national level. We will look at a brief history of public health resources and important events that led to its changes. The difference between public and community health will also be explained. On the national level public health can be traces to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services which began with hospitals and care for seamen and marines in 1798. The Quarantine Act of 1887 moved power to quarantine people with infectious disease away from the stale level to the national level. The marine hospital system for sailors was renamed the Public Health Service on 1906. Children’s Service created in 1912 and changed to an advocate of children’s interests, child labor laws, for example. Bureau of Indian health service of 1921 created health services for Native Americans on reservations. In 1930, the National Hygienic Laboratory later became the National Institute of Health (NIH). The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, became the Food, and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1946, the Communicable Disease Center was created and then converted into the Center for Disease Control (CDC, n.d.). The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) was designed under President Eisenhower, and was brought into existence on April 11, 1953. HEW became the Department of Health and Human Services, officially...
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...Health Care Economics 1 Term Comparison Paper Bernadette Cynthia Gibson July 28, 2014 HCS/552 Nancy Jennings Health Care Economics 2 Term Comparison Paper Demand, Economics and Supply Demand This paper will be discussing the definitions of demands, economics and supply and what how they play a role in health care. The definition of Demand: “The amount of a particular economic good or service that a consumer or group of consumers will want to purchase at a given price. The demand curve is usually downward sloping, since consumers will want to buy more as price decreases. Demands for a good or service are determined by many different factors other than price, such as the price of substitute goods and complementary goods. In extreme cases, demand may be completely unrelated to price, or nearly infinite at a given price. Along with supply, demand is one of the two key determinants of the market price.” When it comes to demands in health care, we can look at scheduling. Patients will need to make an appointment to be seen, and scheduling can be done the same day or in the future depending on what the visit is for. If there is a high demand of patients and the supply is not there then patients will be scheduled on the Backlog Reduction Plan. These are schedules for the future with the intent to keep the workload down. Example: can another physician see a patient and how can the person be treated without having to come back. Health...
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...Comparison Paper NUR 408/ Instructor: Amy Reagan University of Phoenix Sharo V. Dennis October 11, 2010 Introduction The demand for public health nursing and community health nursing is currently on the rise. However many people do not know how to utilize the abundant amount of information and knowledge available throughout this nursing specialty. There are some people that don’t know that it exists, or they are unaware of the services that PHN provides. This paper focuses on the history of public health nursing, local public health information, the differences between public health nursing and community health nursing. As a result, the author wants the reader to be able to differentiate between the two nursing specialties. Local public health information The Memphis/Shelby County Health Department is the ideal place to find public health information in Memphis, TN. It is there that one can find information on current health facts i.e., H1N1 (symptoms and side effects) west nile virus and other illnesses, public announcements, updates, recalls, general wellness checkups, health concerns and vaccinations (for children and adults). The Memphis/Shelby County Health Department is the best place to encounter the workings of the public health nurse. In addition to the above information, The Memphis/County Health Department can provide information on encountering disasters, readiness and preparations for those disasters (MSCHD, 2010). History of Public Health ...
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...Health Promotion Deanna Caswell Family Centered Health Promotion March 3rd, 2013 Health Promotion Health promotion has a variety of definitions. One being as simple as, a science and art that assists people to change lifestyle toward a state of optimal health (O’Donnell, 1997), to more complex as a process of advocating health to increase the chance that personal, private , and public support of positive health practices will become a societal norm” (Kreuter & Devore, 1980, p. 26). Despite the variances in definition health promotion is geared towards persuading public the benefits of a living a lifestyle free of negative health behaviors. The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is to switch gears from protection of certain diseases to focus on improving the general health of the people they serve. Health promotion has changed the roles and responsibilities of nurses. Increasing demands are placed on nurses as healthcare has shifted from an acute, hospital-based care to preventive, community-based care. The home is now the primary place healthcare takes place. Reimbursement for hospital care is less resulting in shorter stays. Nurses must take on additional roles and play a bigger part of disease prevention and health promotion. A greater emphasis is being placed on nurses being more independent in their practice. Nurses are expected to be increasingly accountable morally and legally for their behavior. Nursing has evolved into many roles as advocates...
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...Comparison Paper Stephanie Collins NUR 408 February 16, 2015 Michelle Hogsed Comparison Paper Although, public health and community health entities deal with many of the same issues, the terms cannot be used interchangeably. Research must be performed on the various levels of public and community health in order to understand these differences. This paper will discuss the research that was conducted on county, state and national public resources and discuss the differences that were noted. Public Health Resources There are many different public and community health resources and programs provided at the county, state and national levels. Nurses across all facets of the profession should be aware of what programs are available to them and their patients. This knowledge can help guide the nurse in providing appropriate resources and care to those who need them. County Public Health Resources The San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) has many different programs and services available to the residents of the county. Depending of the program sought by the individual, there are various services that meet financial, cultural and medical needs of the client. In order to qualify for these programs patients must meet certain criteria. For example, the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) is a nutritional program for women with children. WIC provides nutritional education in individual and group settings, breast feeding support and education, and financial support...
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...Public Health Comparison Paper University Of Phoenix NUR/408 1 July 2012 Abstract This paper will provide information on county, state, and national public health resources and will describe the history of public health with related dates of pertinence. The differences between public and community health will also be discussed including influential individuals and significant historical events that have shaped the agencies and policies by which public health is directed. For purposes of comparison the public health departments relating specifically to disease prevention and control will be highlighted on a county, state and national level. Definitions The main objectives of public health resources “are the political and practical application of lessons learned from past successes and failures in disease control and the promotion of preventive measures to combat existing, evolving and re-emerging health threats and risks. Public health professionals address present and anticipated health problems in a complex world with great inequalities with specific targets which would help to achieve higher standards of health and a more just and socially responsible distribution of resources” (Tulchinsky & Varavikova, 2010). Public health encompasses a broad scope of health issues including the mental, physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health. Public health professionals are trained to occupy multiple roles within a complex framework. Public...
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...Platis NUR 408 Comparison Paper September 26, 2011 Pamela Orr In this paper I will examine public health resources provided by county, state and on national level. Also, we will look at a brief history of public health resources and important events that led to its changes. The difference between public and community health will also be explained. The National Public Health Performance Standard Program (NPHPSP) sets the framework by which public care is provided on a state and county level by providing information on how to assess the health status of community. This organization teaches how to diagnose health issues of the community, give information to encourage the public to advocate for its self, how to enable partnership within the community, make sure that healthcare is being practiced within legal parameters to protect the community from harm, ensure that local community resources or within the reach and knowledge of the populous of the community. NPHPSP also ensures that measures are taken to guarantee staffing and workforce that is competent and qualified to provide care, thus this represents how public health is provided with national resources (CDC.gov, n.d.). County level public health concentrates for example on making sure that its residents are aware where clinics for low income families are available, where they can get necessary immunization for no or little prize, give information on local food establishments, information on common health topics and...
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...Running head: COMPARISON PAPER Comparison Paper Epidemiology: Global and Public Health NUR408 October 11, 2009 Comparison Paper Public and community health nursing are specialty areas that have been and will continue to be practiced and each having a specific area of focus. Research has indicated that many individuals tend to see each entity as one and have a misconception that public and community nursing is one in the same (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). The misconception is just that, a misconception. In the reading to follow, each area will discussed and one will be able to see the similarities and differences, the history and development and the role that is expected from each area of expertise. Although each specialty works within its main area of focus, the two also work closely together for the good of the individuals within the public and community sectors. Community and public health nurses strive to improve the health status of individuals, families, and populations. History and Development Public health and community health nursing has been in circulation for more than 120 years. Lillian Wald is known for being the established leader in this specialty. The goal of public health nursing has been to develop strategies to respond to prevailing public health problems. One of the earliest traditions of public health in America was similar to the British law known as the, Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 (Stanhope & Lancaster). This law guaranteed...
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...Comparison Paper Jay Park NUR/408 September 28, 2015 University of Phoenix Comparison Paper The Los Angeles County is one of the largest counties in the US that deals with a very diverse community and population. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health protects health, prevents disease, and promotes the health and well-being for all persons in Los Angeles County. Our focus is on the population as a whole, and we conduct our activities through a network of public health professionals throughout the community. Public health nurses make home visits to families with communicable diseases. Epidemiologists investigate the sources of disease outbreaks; environmental health specialists ensure safe food, water, and housing; and all work with community coalitions to advocate for public policies to protect and improve health (Department of Public Health, 2014). Los Angeles County provides health services through different series. Los Angeles Public Health website provides resources of different types of health programs. These programs conduct activities through public health professionals throughout the community. Some of the focuses of the Los Angeles County public health through public health professionals are to ensure the community’s safety, preventative diseases, and immunizations for children and providing primary health education. The California Department of Public Health’s (CDPH) mission dedicates to optimizing the health and well-being of the people...
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...growth rate of GDP per capita and the public expenditure in Latin America. F29 F33 F43 O19 My goal for this research project is to examine the relationships that exists in between the annual growth rate per capita and public expenditure in Latin America. What I wanted to see is if a higher growth rate of GDP meant that a higher percentage was spent in the public sector. Data was gathered from the ECLAC, The World Bank and also the International Monetary Fund. Introduction The reason I was very attracted in this research is because as someone born in South America and lately Latin America has been doing better than before, and visiting South America the past year I have seen how infrastructure has improved lately so I was very interested in seeing how big of a role public expenditure plays in countries that are developing. Expenditure on welfare, health and education are an essential part of what governments do to enhance the quality of life of their citizens and the human capital base of their societies. My focus on public and social expenditure in Latin America is mainly guided by the concern of how Governments utilizes existing policies and seeing how these theories and policies have helped increase Latin America’s GDP. In Latin America we find a great variation in social policy regimes; ranging from Uruguay and Argentina, where a large majority of the population is covered by social policy and has decent education and health services, to El Salvador and Guatemala...
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... 9/3/2014 for Prof. Kelly McGrath. Health care is a service business that exists to meet the necessities of the general public. In discussions of health care reform of the United States and the Canada is both countries' health care systems are different however, both countries appear to be similar, suggesting that it might be possible for the U.S. to adopt the Canadian system. Canada's healthcare has a great influence on the Canadian economy. Below are a few facts about the economy and health care (http://www.canadian-healthcare.org/page9.html): • Healthcare expenses in Canada average about $100 billion in 2001. •Approximately 9.5% of Canada's gross domestic product is spent on health care. In comparison, the United States spends close to 14% of its GDP on health care. •Individually, Canadians spend about $3300 per capita on health care. •At a local level, funding is between one-third and one-half of what provinces spend on social programs. •About three-quarters of all funding come from public sources, with the remainder from private sources such as businesses and private insurance. Insert in-text citation here for bulleted list. In 2013, Canada anticipated to exceed $211 billion in health care spending or $5,988 per person. Additionally, it has estimated to utilize 11.2% of Canada’s gross domestic product. Most of the money is spent on healthcare cost roughly up to 30% equivalent to 68 billion. The government and public cover the healthcare cost for an average...
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...Comparison Paper Jaime Prado February 4, 2016 Comparison Paper In the United States, we are all very fortunate to have resources for families, communities, state and nationally. These resources are available to all individuals regardless of religion, race or sexual preference. Here in Ventura County, we have the Ventura County public health department, and their mission is healthy people, healthy families, and healthy communities. Ventura County Health Care Agency 2015). The state of California has the California Department of public health; their vision is Healthy individuals and families in healthy communities. The California Department of Public Health is dedicated to optimizing the health and well-being of the people in California. (California Department of Public Health 2015). Nationally we have the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and their mission is to enhance and protect the health and well-being of all Americans. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2015). The Ventura County public health offers many services; some of them are free of cost and others to offer financial assistance to individuals who do not have insurance. Some of the frequently requested services from the public health are emergency medical services, health promotion, and education, communicable disease reporting forms and these are used by family practice and hospitals, and HIV and Aids Center. More over then providing services to the community, the public health department...
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...COMPARISON OF PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY HEALTH Comparison of Public and Community Health University of Phoenix NUR/408 Michelle Hogsed July 7, 2014 . Comparison of Public and Community Health Public and community health work simultaneously as well as separately to protect the populations of the world. Public health focuses on the health of an entire nation and community health focuses on health and wellness of various communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that the primary health care setting within communities should be the first point of contact when looking at the health of the world (2014). This paper will research information about county, state, and national public health resources, describe the history of public health, discuss the differences between public and community health. Information about county, state, and national public resources County, state, and national resources play an important role in the resources available to the public health system. It is crucial for these agencies to work together for all areas to have access to the resources, financial, and personnel, and to address the health of populations (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). Resources at the national level operate under the supervision of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The USDHHS supervises the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Center...
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...1 Public Health Comparison Paper Michele Zager, RN Nur/408 November 4th, 2013 Felita J. Patterson 2 Public Health Comparison Paper Public health is defined as “an organized activity of society to promote, protect, improve, and when necessary, restore the health of inficiduals, specified groups, or the enite population” (Scutchfield & Keck, 2009, p. 3). Public health has helped millions of people in the United States achieve the higest level of health possible. Through the efforts of county, state and national public health systems, community nursing and public health nursing have been able to effectively utilize resourses available to ensure the health of communities and the individuals living in those communities. In the United States, Public Health sprouted out of the needs of society to reduce poverty linked diseased, immigrats and industraial linked health problems (Buhler-Wilkerson, 1985). At the beginning of the 20th century, visiting nurses were already engaged in a campaign of teaching healthy habits to individuals. Soon, the realization “that individual helth depended to some extent on the health of the population generally, the hazareds of infectious diseases become an increasingly tangible concern” (Buhler-Wilderson, 1985, p.1155). The population began to view public health as a concern for everyone. One of the early pioneres in public health nursing was Florence Nightengale. She saw the difference between sick nursing and health nursing...
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...Terms Comparison Paper HCS/552 December 16, 2013 Dr. Vernita Davis Terms Comparison Paper According to Getzen (2007), " money drives the health care system just as it does many other activities in a modern industrial society" (p. 2). Economy is driven by money. There will exchange of money for services rendered and the purchase of goods. In this day and age, you no longer are able to get goods or services by offering the seller a type of service or some other type of goods in exchange. Those equal barter trade is a thing of the past. In this paper, we will identify three terms usually used in economics and health care. We will compare these three terms and differentiate what it may mean in health care and economics. The three terms used for this purpose are trade, finance, and funds. Three Terms Trade As Getzen (2007) noted all people are involved in some kind of barter or trade, which could be goods, services, money, time, favors, and information for the purpose of being better. Both parties must benefit of the trade. Trading is exchanging. The term trading in economics, it is the exchange of goods between a buyer and a seller. The seller will offer particular goods for the exchange of money from the buyer. The seller will gain a profit from the trade which boost economy. Trade in terms of health care, though the same as exchanging goods, health care more so offer services and medical care. When a provider is offering services to a patient like seeing in...
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