...essay attempts to report the influence of private sector in the development and implementation of public policy. When governments try to associate with the private sector n order to deliver public benefits it raises several questions. The reason private sector is driven by profit it is considered to be more efficient than the public sector. But over the period of time, public private partnerships have proved not to be value delivering for the public in the end. Private sector firms and especially the big four accountancy organizations that act as financial advisors of the government tend to influence the government in their favour. This leads to the question of private interests taking over policies of the government. Introduction During their article on Public Private Partnership, Shaoul, J., A.Stafford and P.Stapleton (2007) have taken example of four big advisory firms in UK that mostly work with the government and tried to claim that these Public Private Partnerships (PPP’s) are not value delivering for public because eventually private interests take over public policy. They have argued that these firms play a critical role in the development of policy and then its application in different sectors and at the same time getting paid as external advisors and consultants. Examples have been cited to explain how “the government’s financial advisors structured deals in roads, hospitals and schools to make them attractive to the public sector in ways that served to increase the...
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...PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AT THE BRAZILIAN AIRPORTS ANDRÉ SOUTELINO Lawyer. Bachelor‟s degree: Law, Universidade Cândido Mendes (2004). Post-graduation in Private Law, Universidade Federal Fluminense (2007). Master‟s Student in Economic Law and Development– research project: Regulation, Competition, Innovation and Development. e-mail address: andrelds@unisys.com.br. ABSTRACT This paper explains the reasons for investments on infrastructure by the private sector. Today, there are prisons, water supply, roads, airports and other activities that request a high investment managed by the private sector. It can be done through concessions, privatization or public-private partnerships (PPP). About the private investments on airports, ICAO has allowed the less interference by the states at the airport administration. So, this paper proposes to demonstrate that the application of public private partnership at Brazilian airports is worthwhile. KEY WORDS: airport; privatization; public private partnerships Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1506109 INFRASTRUCTURE The definition of infrastructure varies from country to country and in the doctrinal field. As for the countries, governmental policy defines what is basic, essential and crucial for the development of the nation. The doctrine splits infrastructure into economic and social, being subdivided into hard and soft (Grimsey & Lewis, 2004). Economic infrastructure is considered the one providing intermediate...
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...Deloitte Pranjal Kapoor Pranjal Kapoor Public Private Partnership Public Private Partnership Infrastructure Road/Highways Sector Public Private Partnership (PPP) A public private partnership is defined as “a cooperative venture between the public and private sectors, built on the expertise of each partner that best meets clearly defined public needs through the appropriate allocation of resources, risk and rewards. PPP is a way out to solve public deficit financing. It is done to give rise to speedy infrastructure growth. The Public Private Partnership has emerged as one of the most important models government use to close the infrastructure gap. For example, a city government might be heavily indebted, but a private enterprise might be interested in funding the project's construction in exchange for receiving the operating profits once the project is complete. Why PPP model? There are usually two fundamental drivers for PPPs. Firstly, PPPs enable the public sector to harness the expertise and efficiencies that the private sector can bring to the delivery of certain facilities and services traditionally procured and delivered by the public sector. Secondly, a PPP is structured so that the public sector body seeking to make a capital investment does not incur any borrowing. Rather, the PPP borrowing is incurred by the private sector vehicle implementing the project and therefore, from the public sector's perspective, a PPP is an "off-balance sheet"...
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...Policy Brief: Public and Private Partnerships Executive Summary: Public and Private Partnerships (PPP's) describes the partnership between the Public Sector (Government) and the Private Sector (Business) working together through financing, design, constructions, renovation, management or maintenance of infrastructures to provide public services for citizens. National, state, and local governments worldwide all face tremendous budget gaps and therefore are increasingly adopting Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) models as a means to provide critical infrastructure service delivery. As Public Administration Students it will be important for us to understand the role of PPP's as well as how to use them efficiently, relevant to Public Financial Management. It will also discuss the social, economical, and political factors that play a role in PPPs. Overall PPP's should be used because they provide much-needed capital for projects; they can also serve as models of efficiency and reliability and be champions of high levels of accountability and transparency. In addition, PPPs can be cost-effective and time efficient. Statement of Issue: How can Governments use PPP's effectively? Improving the delivery of services for "Wicked Problems" is a critical need for many governments. "Wicked Problems" often include emergency policy challenges in transportation, the environment, and health and human services (Battagilo) Background information: PPPs were initiated in the United Kingdom...
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...Private public partnership: DBO: Design-Build-Operate A single contract is awarded for the design, construction, and operation of a capital improvement. Title to the facility remains with the public sector unless the project is a design/build/operate/ transfer or design/build/own/operate project. The DBO method of contracting is contrary to the separated and sequential approach ordinarily used in the United States by both the public and private sectors. This method involves one contract for design with an architect or engineer, followed by a different contract with a builder for project construction, followed by the owner’s taking over the project and operating it. LDO or BDO: Lease-Develop-Operate or Build-Develop-Operate Under these partnerships arrangements, the private party leases or buys an existing facility from a public agency; invests its own capital to renovate, modernize, and/or expand the facility; and then operates it under a contract with the public agency. A number of different types of municipal transit facilities have been leased and developed under LDO and BDO arrangements. Lease/Purchase A lease/purchase is an installment-purchase contract. Under this model, the private sector finances and builds a new facility, which it then leases to a public agency. The public agency makes scheduled lease payments to the private party. The public agency accrues equity in the facility with each payment. At the end of the lease term, the public agency owns the facility or...
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...ACM Digital Library: Bernier, M., Chapman, I., Leblanc, S. P., & Partington, A. (2011). An overview of cyber-attack and computer network operations simulation. Proceedings from MMS ’11: Military Modeling & Simulation Symposium. Boston, MA. Maughan, D. (2010, February). The need for a national cybersecurity research and development agenda. Communications of the ACM, 53(2), 29-31. Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you: 1. Identify at least three (3) benefits or key knowledge points that could be derived from using cyber-attack simulator systems and research, and suggest how this insight could assist in defining the needs for security within an organization. 2. Analyze and determine which sector, public or private, has greater insight on the potential of cyberattacks. Justify your answer by citing at least three (3) examples. 3. Suggest at least four (4) best practices that should be implemented when developing a cybersecurity strategy within a security enterprise. Then, evaluate the required...
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...public-private partnership equilibrium achieve public-private partnership means a government service or private business venture. It is funded and operated via a partnership of government or private sector companies. There is a key motivation for governments thinking public private partnerships is the possibility of bringing in new sources of financing to fund public infrastructure and service needs. A public private partnership is an acceptable procurement practice to achieve best value for the delivery of a public service or provision of public infrastructure. Provide a consistent, fair and transparent review process to be followed for all public private initiatives. Moreover, public private partnerships must show that the following objectives are met in a balanced way to reflect the best interests of all stakeholders. It ensures government services are delivered in the most economical, effective and efficient manner. What is more, a public private partnership ensures the best interests of the public, the business sector and the community are served via an appropriate allocation of risks and returns between partners. A public private partnership may be haven only after unusual methods of sending the project have undergone careful evaluation, it has appeared as the best alternative, and where it offers the best solution demonstrated through a sound business case. Finally, a public private partnership includes a variety of factors and therefore needs a private sector market...
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...Keystone Business Support Company Ltd. ABOUT US Keystone is a professional services company with management and administrative staff headquartered in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The company provides comprehensive business solutions to private businesses, financial institutions, investors, bilateral and multilateral institutions. A special strength of Keystone lies in its ability to help prepare for and implement energy sector projects both with regards to conventional and nonconventional energy sources. Keystone is also particularly strong in the areas of financial modeling and conducting legal and technical due diligence. These strengths are applicable in a wide variety of fields and we are constantly branching out to new areas to expand our product offering. Keystone has a global network of expert consultants across major cities including Boston, Delhi, Dubai, Hong Kong, London, New York, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, and Washington DC. Keystone is continually expanding to other major cities as its business grows. OUR APPROACH Keystone’s Project Teams pair international experts with local talent to devise Global Best Practice Solutions tailored to the specific country context. This also allows us to offer a high international quality service locally. Our first and foremost goal is to craft concrete and actionable steps for our clients that deliver results. OUR STRENGTHS Expertise : Keystone draws its strength from its diverse team of international experts. The company...
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...contract, service contract, operating contract, performance contract and others. However, the terms of PPP and concession will be using interchangeably throughout the entire topic. Basically all those terms refer to one common purpose. The purpose is to establish a method of procurement that brings together the public and the private sectors in a long-term partnership for mutual benefit. The vital feature is that it is intended to achieve both social and commercial goals. When it serve as a long-term solution for offering infrastructure within a country, it would indirectly support sufficient growth and economic benefits for the public. The broader execution of concession can be done to fund transport infrastructure such as highways, tunnels, railway, ports, bridges, railroads, airports and canals transport systems. They are also often used to finance projects in water supply, power generation, sewerage, dams, irrigation and drainage, and to a lesser extent, telecommunications and solid waste management infrastructure. In the case of Malaysia, the Government officially revealed the execution of public projects using the Public Private Partnership (PPP) or Private Finance Initiative (PFI) scheme under the 9th Malaysia Plan. In 2009,...
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...Land acquisition bill - Boon or Bane Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2013 was recently passed by the Parliament. The Bill has provisions to provide fair compensation to those whose land is acquired by public or private sector. There are advantages and disadvantages of the bill. ADVANTAGES OF THE BILL It brings transparency to the process of acquisition of land to set up factories or buildings, infrastructural projects and assures rehabilitation of those affected. This legislation will benefit both industry and those whose livelihood is dependent on land. It provides two times more compensation in urban areas and four times more compensation in rural areas than the circle price. The circle rates are decided by the local government on the basis of average sale price for the last 3 years or last 3 months whichever is higher. The bill establishes regulations for land acquisition as a part of India's massive industrialization drive driven by public-private partnership. The bill will be central legislation in India for the rehabilitation and resettlement of families affected by land acquisitions. In addition the bill has a provision by which states can add some more benefits to it. The bill will eclipse the eminent domain criteria and introduce voting criteria in which 80% of the people should say yes only then land will be acquired. The Bill will replace the decade old Land Acquisition Act of 1894, which...
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...Planning for the FBI’s CJIS Division’s Lasting Impressions Child Development Center In partial fulfillment of The Requirements for the degree of Master’s of Science in Administration Justice and Security Julia Ann Minnocci March 4, 2013 Dr. Hector Garcia Financial Contingency Planning Introduction This paper will provide details how the upcoming sequestration will affect the Department of Justice’s (DOJ’s) Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division’s Lasting Impressions Child Development Center (LICDC). In addition to possible sources of revenue, temporary assistance, and funding assets as part of financial contingency planning, the paper will discuss the following: public-private partners; nonprofits; bond issuance; grants; multi-level government financing, and the effects of taxation. Also the paper will evaluate the role that financial efficiency will play in obtaining funding at the state and local levels as well as how to identify sources of fundsfor the project. Financial Contingency Planning The FBI CJIS Division decided to build a daycare center for the use by the FBI Employees. The FBI built the LICDC facility on the CJIS Division’s campus in June 1993; however, it did not open until June 1995. FBI Employees are given first priority to enroll their child/children at the facility. Once the FBI Employees enrolled their child/children, the following individuals are permitted to enroll their child/children...
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...balances the interests of affected families with the need of the Infrastructure Industry. Land Acquisition Act, 1894 Ever since its enactment, the ”Land Acquisition Act, 1894” has been subject to controversies and fierce debate. Notwithstanding rounds of amendments, including the 1984 changes, it has failed to address some important issues associated with land acquisition particularly forcible acquisitions, definition of "public purpose" , widespread misuse the of "urgency clause", compensation, lack of transparency in the acquisition process, participation of communities whose land is being acquired and virtually no rehabilitation and resettlement package. Further weak implementation and ineffective administration at the ground level has increased the suffering and anguish of the people. Due to a lack of clear definition of "public purpose", there has been considerable difference of opinion among various judgments of the Supreme Court, finally resulting into granting very broad discretionary powers to the State in terms of deciding the contours of "public purpose" under particular circumstances. All these factors coupled with the urgent need to industrialize have put land acquisition at the heart of the debate in India. The need for a new Act The Land Acuisition Act 1894 has proved to be deficient in many respects. Some of shortcoming of the LA Act 1894 includes: • Forced acquisitions: Under the 1894 legislation once the acquiring...
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...The importance of trust in states and firms Name: Han Xu CPR no.: 231092-3616 Date of submission: 11 January 2014 Study programme: BSc. Business Administration and Sociology Integrated assignment Supervisors: Jacob Lyngsie, Benedikte Brincker STU Count: 8102 This essay will focus determining if trust is indeed fundamental, or necessary to every organisation. Since trust usually suggests a relationship between 2 or more parties, the essay will look into how trust is established between organisation and define trust. Later on, the economic benefits of trust will be explained and lastly, the importance of trust will be evaluated. Trust and the state The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) is an The CPI is an example of measuring a state’s economic legitimacy based on an empirical understanding, seeking to shed light on the economic and political legitimacy of a regime by reviewing international institutions’ perception on the transparency and corruption of the state. Every year, Transparency International releases a CPI report on countries around the globe. The annual report (Transparency International 2013) measures countries according to the perceived level of corruption, reflecting the level of trust in the accountability of each state. In this section of the essay, we point our attention to the state and trust is defined as the ‘belief in legitimacy’ (Rostboll 2013). Such formalised documentation of trust between neutral international institutions and...
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...was introduced in Lok Sabha on May 11, 2015. It was referred to a Joint Parliamentary Committee on May 12, 2015. The Committee is expected to submit its report by the first week of Monsoon Session, 2015. Recent Briefs: The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Bill, 2014 April 20, 2015 The Railways (Amendment) Bill, 2014 February 13, 2015 Mandira Kala mandira@prsindia.org Prachee Mishra prachee@prsindia.org July 17, 2015 This Bill amends the principal Act passed in 2013. The Bill enables the government to exempt five categories of projects from the requirements of: (i) social impact assessment, (ii) restrictions on acquisition of multi-cropped land, and (iii) consent for private projects and public private partnerships (PPPs) projects. The five categories of projects are: (i) defence, (ii) rural infrastructure, (iii) affordable housing, (iv) industrial corridors, and (v) infrastructure including PPPs where government owns the land. The Act would apply retrospectively, if an award had been made five years earlier and compensation had not been paid or possession not taken. The Bill exempts any period when a court has given a stay on the acquisition while computing the five year period. The Act deemed the head of a government department guilty for an offence by the department. The Bill removes this, and adds the requirement of prior sanction to prosecute a government employee. Key Issues and Analysis The five types of projects...
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...TERM PAPER ON Public Private Partnership in Rural Health Management in India Dec -2013 Contents Lists of Contents Page No 1. List of Abbreviations 3 2. Abstract 4 3. Introduction 6 3.1 Private Sector in India 7 3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN HEALTH CARE 8 3.3 Public/Private Partnership 8 3.4 OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 10 3.5 Classifying PPPs 10 3.6 Challenges in Partnership 11 3.7 Characteristics of Partnership 12 3.8 Scope and types of partnership 13 3.9 The Study for Research paper 15 3.10.1 Analysis and Discussion 16 3.10.2 Overview of the Case Studies 16 3.10.3 Enabling Conditions 17 3.10.4 Equity and Accessibility 19 3.10 Private partner selection and obligations of the Partners 19 3.11 Performance Specifications 20 3.12 Resource implications 20 3.13 Autonomy 21 3.14 Technical and managerial capacity 22 3.15 Quality of services 23 3.16 Stakeholder Perspectives 23 4. Summary and Conclusion 24 5. References 26 6. Annexure 29 1. List of Abbreviations PPP Public Private Partnership HSR Health Sector Reform ADBI Asian Development Bank Institute NRHM National Rural Health Mission FRU First Referral Unit MMVs...
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