...understanding of nutrition and diet. This unit gives learners an understanding of nutrition from a science-based perspective and of the role that food plays in social contexts. The unit may also provide useful underpinning knowledge for the study of food hygiene and practical culinary skills. Learners will explore concepts of nutrition using the language of nutritional science. Different aspects of nutritional health will be defined and routine ways of measuring this explored. Other aspects of nutritional data will involve describing the general principles on which nutritional requirements are determined in the UK and how information on the nutrient content of foods can be retrieved. Learners will also explore how the nutritional value of foods may be affected by food processing. The function and sources of the main nutrients will be investigated in relation to the contribution they make to the healthy...
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...the government and officials, the public policy is made; the nonprofit organizations advocate the policy making process. The three U.S. government branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, need to be involve and check the new policy before it is applied. The legislative are members of congress such as committee and subcommittee chairs; the bureaucracy players are mainly career bureaucrats such as agency heads and seniors; the interest groups will be the experts, such as powerful leaders in health, welfare, education and more. There are two traditional models, iron triangles and issue networks, which define how the government leaderships work together. The connection among the politicians, officials, and interest group helps how the public receives the supports. Mainly, interest groups have too much control and power on iron triangle. Starting from the electoral support from the interest group towards congress, funding and political support delivered to the bureaucracy, which provides facilities and special favors. On the other hand, the issue network uses much broader networking within the agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups. The model allows experts such as interest groups, members of congress, social media, professors in policy, foundations, public opinion and more, to share knowledge in various areas. In this model, the interest groups are less interested in politics but are focused on related to political issues. According to Hugh Heclo, "The iron...
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...Over half the bill was paid for by cutting Food Stamps” (A Place at the Table). By taking money out of SNAP low-income individuals in dire need of money are receiving less money, resulting in them not having enough food. When people do not receive a sufficient amount of food they become sick and ultimately the government will have to pay more money for healthcare programs. The increase in government spending on programs like healthcare are rooted from hunger issues. Another issue that results from cuts in funding of food assistance programs like SNAP is an increase in hunger: “In the 1980s America has changed greatly and now had millions more hungry” (Libal. Et al 367). Cutbacks in social welfare programs instituted by the Reagan administration led to an increase in hunger nationwide. By cutting funding in food aid programs people receive less assistance preventing them from having enough money to buy food. This ultimately leads to more social problems related to hunger because the issue of hunger is turning into a public matter, affecting individuals...
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...PDt2 Elizabeth Johnston, PhD, PDt, FDC3 ABSTRACT Objective: Public health policies promote healthy nutrition but evaluations of children’s adherence to dietary recommendations and studies of risk factors of poor nutrition are scarce, despite the importance of diet for the temporal increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity. Here we examine dietary intake and risk factors for poor diet quality among children in Nova Scotia to provide direction for health policies and prevention initiatives. Methods: In 2003, we surveyed 5,200 grade five students from 282 public schools in Nova Scotia, as well as their parents. We assessed students’ dietary intake (Harvard’s Youth Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire) and compared this with Canadian food group and nutrient recommendations. We summarized diet quality using the Diet Quality Index International, and used multilevel regression methods to evaluate potential child, parental and school risk factors for poor diet quality. Results: In Nova Scotia, 42.3% of children did not meet recommendations for milk products nor did they meet recommendations for the food groups ‘Vegetables and fruit’ (49.9%), ‘Grain products’ (54.4%) and ‘Meat and alternatives’ (73.7%). Children adequately met nutrient requirements with the exception of calcium and fibre, of which intakes were low, and dietary fat and sodium, of which intakes were high. Skipping meals and purchasing meals at school or fast-food restaurants were statistically significant determinants...
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...more diseases, health problems, and unexplained weight gain that was not present before. Pollan elaborates on processed foods and all of its dangers. The methods that Pollan specifically elaborate on include the Imitation rule, Lipid Hypothesis, The dangers of refined foods and the Low -Fat campaign, intended to bring a healthier food system that would keep our entire nation at a healthier pace. Although that was the goal to bring better health to foods, that is not the case and real issues have yet to be fixed. Instead of cutting the bad sciences out of food production, they are constantly adding more ingredients and un-natural additives that are creating the issues instead of removing all genetic modifications and transferring back to all natural foods. Scientist involved in food production has convinced the consumer that processed foods that include un-natural additives are healthier and improved, but in reality that is far from the truth. The idea that scientist propose is that by adding nutrients that were not originally available in that particular food,...
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...There are many reasons why places like Trader Joe’s succeed in making healthy foods more accessible to the general public, the biggest of which is their smaller selection of products (Co). Not only does Trader Joe's have a smaller selection of goods than most stores, but most of its products are offered under a store-brand label (Co). Fortune Magazine estimates that the typical U.S. grocery store has upwards of 50,000 items, while Trader Joe's has 4,000 — of which 80 percent are store-brand products (Co). By limiting its selection, Trader Joe's will buy larger quantities from its suppliers and it will restock at a faster rate because of the quicker turnaround. Thus, its stores are able to sell more of one type of product when there are not too many choices. This drives down the costs of food and, according to Fortune, although there is not a lot of variety...
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...Nutrition and Academic Performance 1 NUTRITION AND ITS EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE HOW CAN OUR SCHOOLS IMPROVE? By Amy Ross SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS EDUCATION AT NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNDERSITY July 28, 2010 APPROVED BY: DATE: Derek L. Anderson, Ed.D. August 2, 2010 Nutrition and Academic Performance 2 Table of contents Abstract ...…………………………………………………………………………………………3 Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…4 Statement of Problems…………………………………………………………………….8 Research Questions…………………………………………………………………….…9 Definition of Terms ……………………………….…………………………………….10 Chapter II: Review of the Literature Nutrition and Cognition ………………………..……………………………………….11 Food Insufficiency …………………………..………………………………………….24 School Food Programs ……………………………...…………………………………..35 Chapter III: Results and Analysis …………………………..…………………………………..51 Chapter IV: Recommendations and Conclusion ……………………...………………………..54 References...………………………………………………………………………………..…...59 Nutrition and Academic Performance 3 Abstract The purpose of this paper was to review existing literature about past research that highlighted studies concerning nutrition and its relationship to brain function, cognition, learning, and social behaviors. There is evidence that school breakfast and lunch programs are not up to par with current United States Department of Agriculture standards and that USDA standards may not be utilizing the latest research...
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...Should sugary beverages be banned to sale? While some Americans today love to consume large sugary drinks, it does represent a national problem related to health issues. On the other side, restaurants, coffee companies, and consumers are worried about the Government proposal that might affect the companies’ business and the consumer’s freedom to choose any type of drink they want. The proposal prohibits the sale of any cup or bottle of sweetened drink larger than 16 fluid ounces. There are many reasons for restricting the sale and quantity of sodas in New York and this regulation is really just a wise decision that made public health one of the priorities in the City of New York. One reason we should ban selling the popular sugary drinks is that the consumption of big amounts cause obesity and other health diseases. Research has demonstrated a direct relationship between consumption of sugary drinks and an increase in the risk of overweight and obesity, which in turn promote many health conditions including: hypertension, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, gall bladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, some cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon), and dyslipidemia (CDC, 2006). Although one of the national health objectives is to reduce the prevalence of obesity among adults, current data indicate that the circumstances are worsening (MMWR, 2006). This is particularly problematic because most of the daily calories come from sodas, energy...
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...This study was important because it addressed the issues of obesity and what can be carried out to prevent it. Obesity has become cone of the nations most widespread epidemics and it continues to grow. In this study 20 peer-reviewed articles were chosen on obesity and nutrition, and then the articles were analyzed and broken down into a basic concept of obesity prevention. Most articles contained proper nutrition, exercise, and dietary guidance. After thorough research, it became evident that proper nutrition and exercise were basic necessities in combating the obesity epidemic. Introduction Obesity is one of the leading public concerns within the United States, and for a great reason, almost two-thirds of the population is either overweight or obese, and the numbers are continuously rising.(Carels et al. 2008). Obesity has been linked to many different health issues, including the number one killer in America, heart disease. Obesity has been a growing problem over the past few years, which has led many to try and reduce or reverse the incline in obesity. The programs implemented, as of late, to reduce the number considered obese have failed.(Crombie 1999). American society continues to grow in the obesity rates, which has in turn generated an increase in health problems and issues. This is associated with the typical American diet being high in calories but low in nutrients. (Drewnowski et al. 2008). This epidemic is spreading...
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...Pollution of water sources Dashmeet Kaur Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427-0104 Kathy Karlberg September 14, 2014 Pollution of water sources Summary of the teaching plan There are various health and environmental issues which needs the attention of everyone as they directly and indirectly affects the life of human beings, animals and various living organisms. Environmental issues include various aspects but the pollution of air, water and noise but water pollution is the topic of presentation as water is the main constituent of life and various life processes need water as an important part. The teaching is done in the Khalsa School Fremont which is in the Sikh temple. The people attending the presentation were the community members, general public and the students of the Khalsa School. The permission was granted by the director of Sikh temple Fremont and they provided a classroom which has a writing board and proper lightening and ventilation. The small children were sitting in the front row and the rest of the community people were sitting at the back. The estimated time of presentation is not more than 50 to 55 minutes and the teacher has a printed information regarding the topic of presentation which is “water pollution”. Some pencils and small gifts for the students in the Khalsa School as a thanks for attending the presentation. The teacher will include the problem, sign and symptoms, effects and solution of the problem. And...
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...appearance of third world countries (Less Developed Countries – LDC’s) mothers in general were unable to feed their children with all the needed nutrients that a normal child must have, this is basically why the infant formula was created. The infant formula was created by companies in the pharmaceutical industry and Nestlé. Nestlé easily got a high market share in the industry. The general health problems in the aftermath cause a great impact on babies. The number of sick babies increased all the time after the Second World War, because there weren’t the needed minimum required measures of neatness for babies, like sterilized nipples, clean water, clean environments, etc. So breastfeeding wasn’t enough to keep a baby healthy over those years. The infant formula seemed to be a good solution providing the enough amounts of nutrients for a baby. The problems started after the meeting of infant-feeding practices in 1970 and 1972, Bogota and Paris, where a resolution was made: “The report concluded that breast milk was the best food for infants and, if in sufficient supply, would satisfy the need of a child up to 4-6 months. In cases where breastfeeding was insufficient or impossible, the use of nutritional substitutes was encouraged”. The debate created some years before these meetings and the years after seemed to be an ethical issue, of whether if babies must be fed with the infant formula or with the breast milk. The objective of infant formula was misunderstood as a way...
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...all the nutrients the baby needs to growth healthy in the first months of life. Yet, what if breastfeeding was not an option for babies? What about poverty stricken countries where basic nutrients run scarce, and are very rare. It is so essential for a new born to have these nutrients, and breast feeding can be seen as a necessity for babies growing up in a poverty stricken environment. Babies born within an impoverished environment usually lack the basic nutrients to grow and function properly, especially in the crucial years leading up to adolescence. Also, why are more and more women switching to bottled fed from breast fed? Based on an article written by Jacqueline Wolf, “Women initiated the move from breast to bottle as they embraced complex social, cultural, economic, and intellectual change concomitant with urbanization..” (Wolf). Another factor that comes into play is the introduction to baby formula in the 19th century. Also, the change of a woman’s role in society from housewife to the work force could have a lot to do with the fact that women don’t have time to breastfeed. According to Wolf, babies were dying from diarrhea and not even making it to their first birthdays due to the lack of nutrients through milk they were being deprived of. For example babies in Chicago during the late 19th century and early 20th century had a high death rate because of the amount of poverty, and food stock available to families during that time (Wolf). Another issue was that...
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...This project was held under one solid principle; No child in Montana or our country should be hungry. Last semester, I took a class of Health Issue of Children and Adolescents. The class helped me to understand current issues of children. We learned about physical and mental health problems of kids and possible solutions of them. Among those issues, the issue of Childhood hunger caught my attention mostly. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 15.3 million children lived in food-insecure household in 2014....
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...Cereal: The Complete Story ® Let’s make today great™ Quick facts on breakfast cereal. Average calories per serving by breakfast type. Cereal compares favorably to many other traditional choices.1 Children who eat cereal regularly tend to have lower BMIs.*** Studies have shown that the consumption of cereal for breakfast is associated with lower BMI in children, a relationship that holds regardless of the amount of sugar in the cereal.2, 3 Fewer than 4 servings in 14 days 4 to 7 servings in 14 days More than 7 servings in 14 days Percent overweight age 4-6 48% 35% 26% Percent overweight age 7-9 50% 38% 16% Good mornings begin here. The latest science on breakfast cereals. Since introducing Kellogg’s Corn Flakes in 1906, Kellogg has invested decades of science and product development into health and nutrition. From being the first food company to employ our own dietitian, to running our own research labs and closely monitoring independent studies on breakfast, cereal, grains and fiber all around the world, we aim to keep abreast of the ongoing scientific advancements in nutrition and food research and take this into account as we strive to enhance existing cereals and develop new cereals. What we learn constantly shapes our future direction. In the past few years, it’s helped us respond to consumer and market demands to lower sugar and sodium, as well as to increase the fiber and maintain the great taste in many of our cereals. We’re always looking for ways...
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...Junk Food from Public Schools Christopher Bisping ILR 260 Dr. Dee Griffin February 2013 Abstract Should junk food be removed from public schools? Those who support removing junk food from public schools say that it has no real nutritional value, and disrupts children’s learning capabilities. They also say that junk food is a leading factor of childhood obesity. On the other hand, those who oppose removing junk food from public schools say that it eliminates sources of funding that the U.S. government doesn’t provide. They also say that it usurps the responsibility of parents, and violates the First Amendment. To overcome the obesity epidemic, and give the children the nutrition they need to learn and become productive citizens we need to remove junk food from public schools. Removing Junk Food from Public Schools For the first time, the United States (U.S.) government is proposing standards to ensure schools serve more nutritious foods, ultimately leading to a ban on serving or selling junk food. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is setting new rules requiring schools to sell items such as water, diet sodas, baked chips, and low-calorie sport drinks instead of junk food. Lunchrooms will also be required to replace fatty à la carte items like nachos and fried cheese sticks with healthier items like low-fat burgers, fruit cups, yogurt and healthier pizzas. While some schools in the U.S. have already made improvements to their menus, schools will be made...
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