...Preface Anonymity On any given day a number of individuals travel to and through the South Dallas area where this initial research project took place. Many visitors to the area often stop at the few remaining mom-and-pop restaurants for a greasy cheeseburger, link, or fish basket where several of the public characters that took part in this research hustle for money to buy that day’s beverage, blunt, or bed. The participants in this research are constantly in the public’s eye. Their identities are not secret and often the ways in which they engage in informal economy are well known as well. A select few of these individuals have participated in city meetings that are televised. Other anthropologists, sociologists, and curious academics have examined the decline of this southern sector of Dallas for one reason or another. Newspaper reporters and other media groups have often completed editorial pieces on this community and its residents (housed and un-housed). Identities are often made public; however, anonymity in regards to person or place is very much a component to this research in accordance with the anthropological guidelines of human subject protection. A pseudonym has been provided for each individual and place of business that participated in this research. Introduction Society is not a mere sum of individuals. Rather, the system formed by their association represents a specific reality which has its own characteristics... The group thinks, feels, and...
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...Inquiry Plan For my research on place and public memory, I would like to explore how the rhetoric of conserved natural spaces influences public memory and opinion of the outdoors. Specifically, I want to research the national parks system or a specific national park, whichever would be better at answering my central question and has enough information and resources readily available. I am interested in considering the design, marketing, and cultural significance of these preserved wild areas and how all of these could contribute to personal and public opinions. If possible due to available resources, I will narrow my focus to Yellowstone National Park, one of the largest and most famous parks in the world. Yellowstone is a unique super-volcano...
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...With the number of population increasing in city, where it leads to the increment of vehicles. The sufficient of parking spaces for the cars has become a big challenge for all the businesses. This paper will identify the common problems faced nowadays in the shopping malls in Malaysia. An idea (smartphone application) will be proposed for customers to book parking space before going to the shopping mall, check the availability of parking spaces for certain shopping malls pay the parking and enhance the payment for the parking facilities, to overcome the parking problems. This application will integrate the parking facilities, where drivers can book the parking space, pay the parking fees, avoid from wasting time and petrol in searching optimal parking space. The application is to benefits the drivers to shopping malls and also enhance the service quality of a shopping mall. Contents Title: Integrated Smart Phone Apps for Shopping Mall Parking 3 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 Problem Statement 5 2.1 Insufficient of parking spaces respond to the growth of population 5 2.2 Distance of parking spaces to the entrance shopping mall 5 2.3 Time consuming in searching parking space 5 2.4 Common issues on the Kiosk machine 6 3.0 Aim 7 3.1 Objective 7 4.0 Research Questions 8 4.1 Domain Questions 8 4.2 Technical questions 8 5.0 Research design 9 5.1 Observation 9 5.1.1 Sample questions for questionnaire 9 5.2 Observation 13 5.2.1 Process of observation...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION The purpose of the current paper is to critically review the contributions that two of these studies have made to our understanding of societal perceptions, social support and how it affects breastfeeding attitudes and outcomes. (Kronborg and Vaeth 2004) Defined Social support as the mother's perceptions in relation to the support she receives from peers, family and the society at large. The first paper to be reviewed is written by (Leeming et al. 2013) and entitled 'Socially sensitive lactation: Exploring the social context of breastfeeding'. The second paper is written by (Scott et al. 2015) and entitled 'A comparison of maternal attitudes to breast feeding in public and the association with breastfeeding duration in four European countries: Results of a cohort study. The current paper will summarise the arguments, review the subject matter in both papers and compare and contrast the different methodological approaches taken by the authors with comments on the appropriateness of each method chosen. It concludes by a justified opinion of the subject. (Li et al. 2008), stated that discomfort with the idea of breastfeeding is one of the concerns for some women choosing not to breastfeed or incorporating shorter duration of breastfeeding (Stuebe and Bonuck 2011). Decades of research confirm the benefits of breastfeeding for infants and for maternal health (Cricco 2007) (Tarrant, Dodgson and Wu 2014) (Ingram et al. 2008). 1.1 ARGUMENTS (Leeming et al. 2013)...
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...western-style shopping malls, entertainment complexes and multinationals. However, the bigger part of the city is reflecting a total different image of the city. Three-quarters of Lagos residents live in informal settlements and gain their incomes from informal economies. Lagos portrays the paradoxical characteristics of the contemporary African city being dysfunctional yet a dynamic urban form’ (Un-habitat, 2007). Next to these extreme and difficult situations, the aesthetics of informality; its multi-layer scenes of urban everyday life and living in-between, is lately infiltrating into contemporary design thinking. On the one hand, the appearances of informal urbanism are crudely condemned as a shameful blemish of modernization and invasion of public spaces, yet on the other hand, celebrated as an amazing collage of complex urbanism which expresses the true nature of city and denounces the rational self-righteousness of planning (Kang, 2009, p. 249). Learning from the informal city is an academic new trend to explore alternatives of noneradicative urban renewal/ urban...
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...has been discussed by a variety of scholarly voices. Among the most prominent is Michel Foucault, who described the various ways that consumer markets circumscribe public spaces, placing important distinctions between class members. In particular, Foucault discusses heterotopia – the public space which carries both physical and psychological gravity. For Foucault, public spaces are characterized by existing without truly existing. The heterotopia serves as a metaphor for a larger context while having the appearance and characteristics of other everyday spaces. Tyndall takes this notion a step further by developing social rules that are attached to consumer places, such as malls and shopping districts (Tyndall, 2009). This version of consumer-driven rules – culled from qualitative research and personal interviews – depicts a new notion of public-ness that is less egalitarian than ever before. It is a version of public space that is not entirely open to the public. Baker adds to this perspective by historicizing the commercialization of public space, dating the use widespread use of public space for advertising purposes to before the dawn of the 20th century (Baker, 2007). This argument inextricably links the notion of “culture” with “consumerism”, and sets the stage for the potential for access to public spaces to be consumed, or purchased. Finally, Klingle underscores this spatial history of consumption, placing the transaction of consumer power contexts as diverse as Thoreau’s...
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...Dorand Xhelili-121019 Paper Publishing vs E-Publishing History of Paper Publishing The introduction of printing created a medium for communication like no other. "Until the advent of radio it was the great means of communication". As paper became more widely available in the thirteenth century writing became more prominent. When the need to reproduce texts became greater, Gutenberg's movable type came about followed by a variety of other printing processes. By 1500 somewhere around 12,000,000 books in 35,000 editions had been printed. The world's first newspaper was published in Germany in 1609. But with such volumes suddenly being distributed, regulations were made to prohibit unrestrained publishing in 1637 when England limited the number of print shops and foundries by decrees. "In the cradle years of printing opposition came chiefly from organized calligraphers and illuminators whose livelihood was threatened. The content of manuscripts was seldom in question; most were classics or ecclesiastical writings and many were in Greek or Latin, which made them inaccessible to all but a few scholars and churchmen. But with the coming of the seventeenth century, printing was being viewed as a threat to established power, both religious and political. Though people like John Milton spoke out in favor of freedom of press and against requiring official censoring before publication of any text, governments' fear of political unrest kept even the first American...
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...Architecture and the Environment Paper  • Prepare a 1,150- to 1,400-word paper in which you explore human response to physical structure. As a part of your paper be sure to address the following:  o Describe how physical structure affects human behavior. o Analyze architecture as a means of controlling human behavior. o Describe the environmental psychological implications of commercial and residential design, including purpose and considerations. o Analyze the importance of architectural development supporting sustainable development. Architecture and the Environment Paper The Environment and its inhabitants cannot be explained separately both shape each other and is shaped by the environment. There are different kinds of environments that need different kinds of behavioral workings that are sensory input, internal representations that change the structure of the earth for who people live there. “To understand the interactions of the physical world and behavior, then, we must consider the two in an intertwined fashion†(Todd & Wilson, 1993). Effect of Physical Structure on Human Behavior Architectural design always played a significant aspect in one’s comfort and health. It is a different form of art surrounding one every day. Unfortunately, for years, it has not been considered this way and its benefits have not been recognized. However with the increasing research and interest in environmental...
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...SAMPLE PAPER ACCORDING TO THE PUBLICATION MANUAL A Sample Paper According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Your Name Your Affiliation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Sample 2 A Sample Paper According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition, 2001 This sample paper will attempt to simplify the usage of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition, 2001. It is meant to be used primarily by the Valencia students enrolled in Professions of Caring, HSC1101 and should serve as an introduction to APA style. The sources cited in the Reference list do not exist, but do reflect the types of sources which might be used in a paper. The text of the paper is left-justified and double-spaced; this sample paper is single spaced to save space. The margins should be one inch on all sides. Use the tab key to indent paragraphs. This document does not indent paragraphs because of html coding; new paragraphs are indicated by a double space. New pages are indicated in this sample paper by a horizontal line. The title of the sample paper follows the format given on page 306 of the manual. As you prepare the title page, keep in mind the following requirements, starting from the top of the paper and working down. 1.The page number must be on all pages of the paper, including...
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...Presentation Of Arguments And Debates4-5 c. Conclusion6 d. Hypothesis And Research Questions6 PROGRAMME AND RESEARCH DESIGN a. Research Objectives7 b. Research Methodology7 c. Questionnaires8-10 RESEARCH FINDINGS a. Research Findings11 b. Analysis Of Research Findings12-13 c. Case Studies14-18 d. Conclusion 19 BIBLIOGRAPHY ABSTRACT This research focuses upon the experience of urban Space by evaluating human behavior and space to human relations. In addition, approaches to installation of temporary activities into the public realm and its impact that these can have upon perception, identity and activities within public space. This research explores the essential presence of temporary activities with in a city ,which requires a critical understanding of the functioning of public space .Finally this research would suggest possibilities of better spatial pattern to enhance spatial interaction and revive urban identities. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION: If an urban environment is to be considered as a spatial ‘system’ and it is to be valued as a whole, “one must consider its parts in relation to its parts, its parts in relation to the whole and the whole in relation to the parts” (Archer et al., 1984, p. 8). People tend to respond to their environment according to their experiences, structuring and information obtained from the space. The long time scales of developing urban identity coupled with the short intense...
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...this. The challenges range from providing a good quality of life for citizens to ensuring appropriate socio-economic development year on year, while the opportunities can be seen in businesses becoming more efficient and innovative, to the reduction of crime through the use of ICTs in policing. The concept of making cities “smart” has grown out of the need for cities to meet these challenges and opportunities. Based on an analysis of the literature on Smart Cities1, Future Internet2 and Open Living Labs3, this paper examines, from the perspective of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage, what the essential components are for making a city “smart”. It outlines five essential ICT elements that cities need to acquire or develop on their path to becoming smarter. The paper then comments on the non-material essentials that also make up a good ICT strategy for smart cities. It argues that along with the five ICT essentials outlined in this paper, cities must develop sustainable partnerships and cooperation strategies among main stakeholders to ensure the effective sharing of common city resources among citizens and businesses. If this is achieved, urban and regional innovation ecosystems can develop, in turn, speeding up the process of becoming a "smart city". 1 http://www.eu-smartcities.eu/ http://www.future-internet.eu/ 3 http://www.openlivinglabs.eu/ 2 Introduction Information Technology is changing the evolution of cities. The notion of ...
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... in fact, research. If they determine it is research, the next question is to ask is if the activity involves human subjects. These are important because the answers determine if the activity is subject to IRB oversight. Federal regulations for protecting research subjects provide basic definitions of "research" and of "human subjects." This module will interpret words and phrases used in the definitions from the perspective of research in the social and behavioral sciences and the humanities. Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: * Explain the definition of research * Explain the definition of human subject * Describe the differences between private and public information and behavior Defining "Research" Research is defined by the federal regulations, as "a systematic investigation including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge." "Systematic investigation" A great deal of research in the social and behavioral sciences uses what is commonly thought of as the scientific method. However, the interpretation of the term "systematic investigation" depends largely upon discipline-specific methods. It is possible for research to be systematic without conforming in every respect to the elements of the conventional scientific method. For example, when ethnographers study communities, they may not have a priori hypotheses, but many aspects of their research may be systematic...
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...lost the identity unique to the context? What should be the interior design educator’s attitude toward teaching design and culture in the current age? We encounter dilemmas in global design, the results of which are sometimes almost identical regardless of unique settings because of our tendency to grasp design as a whole with respect to particular style or trend without fully apprehending the core and the deviation. Perceiving the entire design project as a mere symbolic expression also hinders our true understanding of design and culture. In this article, I attempt to answer fundamental questions regarding the complex, innate relationship between design and culture and suggest restructuring a conceptual framework applicable to related research and education that effectively reveals the multi faceted characteristics of design and culture in the present age. From the perspective of morphology, current individual design practice can be redefined as one entity comprising two coexisting components: One is a set of particular principles that construe a certain design pattern or type of design practice, and the other is another set of morphed elements embedded in design that reflects the context. The conceptual framework on which this article is based derives from George Kubler’s...
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...2008 CHARLEY V. WOOTAN AWARD: Outstanding Paper in Policy and Organization Reassessing On-Street Parking Wesley E. Marshall, Norman W. Garrick, and Gilbert Hansen The ongoing debate about the merits and drawbacks of on-street parking offers few definitive answers because comprehensive research in this area has been lacking. The goal is to develop a better understanding of the gamut of issues related to on-street parking, ranging from parking demand and the pedestrian environment to less researched topics such as the efficiency of land use. In addition, the basic question of safety is addressed in a more precise way than previously by taking into account actual vehicle speeds and crash severity levels. The investigation points to on-street parking as crucial in benefiting activity centers on numerous levels. Users of the downtowns consistently valued these landefficient on-street parking spaces over and above off-street surface lots and garages. Low-speed streets with on-street parking also had the lowest fatal and severe crash rates of any road category in the study of 250 Connecticut roadway segments. Part of the reason is that the presence of parking had a measurable effect on vehicle speeds. On-street parking is not purely a device to be used in the right environment; rather, it is a tool to help create that right environment. On-street parking should be more commonly used but especially in situations in which the road is part of the destination and the intent is to cause...
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...and professional papers is to inform the public on a specific subject matter. These writings relate directly to a broad spectrum dependent on the edition or publication specifics. Of professional papers, several types can provide a scope of information and credibility toward a purveyance of technical or detailed information. The structure is usually even flowing and organized with particular information segments set out about the constituency of the writing. These papers, intended for publication in special interest journals, enhance the writers research, writing, and documentation capabilities as some of the information, not being his/her own will need to be accredited as if it is not, than plagiarism will be extrapolated. Journals, usually published by or for a particular subject matter or client, are detailed and accurate. There may be a UCLA journal, National Geographic Journal, or even a mechanic’s journal. The particulars of this, geared toward a particular audience and each entry, will usually comprise two titles sharing a general viewpoint for the nonprofessional and an entry specific title for the professional. The purpose of journals is to inform a group or individual of the credible elements related to a curriculum or scientific, professional, or academic scope. The writings or information in a journal may be composed of professional papers but the opposite is not the same. When a professional is composing a scientific paper, there are parameters...
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