...Public Trust in Government Public trust in government has been declining since the 1960s. The effect of the declining trust has been proven to hinder domestic policy, foreign policy, and influence elections. As stated by Hetherington & Husser (2012), “Put simply, people need trust in government to support more government”. Now, trust in government has become the center of attention for our government, the media, and American citizens alike. Therefore, I will briefly discuss the history of the decline in public trust, current public trust, and actions that could be taken in order to restore public trust. The history of the decline has been pinpointed to the decade of the 1960’s. During this decade, we faced “diverse social conflict, followed by the Watergate scandals, and a decade of economic decline” Milakovich & Gordon (2013). Public trust continued to plummet and bleed over into the late 1970’s during the “taxpayers revolt” and was “followed by decentralization, deregulation, and devolution of decision-making authority from the federal to state and local governments, in part as a reaction against perceived bureaucratic excess” Milakovich & Gordon (2013). It wasn’t until the 1980’s that the trust began to escalate during the first term of President Ronald Regan. President Regan brought hopes of “tax cuts, higher corporate profits, and less regulation of the economy” Hetherington & Husser (2012). However, it wasn’t long before the trust began to push...
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...commitment to public interest? It was year 2002 when I was elected as Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman in our barangay. As a youth leader, I have tons of functions and duties to perform - to enhance the social, political, economic cultural, intellectual, moral, spiritual and physical development of the youth in the country, just to name a few. There was self-sacrifice on my part, but since I am very willing to serve my community and help address the needs of our youth in our barangay I am eager to bypass my own needs. And this is just one of the many things on how to show commitment to public interest which for me is an aspiration to serve society based on values and responsibility. Being a public servant demands the commitment to public interest. This is so because once you come into the government service, a relationship between you and the government is created. I also have to attend our sessions regularly. For if I do not attend meetings, I betray the trust that the public placed on me. There are many ways for which we can show our commitment to public interest depending on the job that we are in. They may be simple and common but sometimes hard for others to do. One more way is by having decisions that should be for the interest of the common good. I will not use my position, information or property to go after my personal interest. I will also ensure that the government’s fund, property and supplies are in good hands. I want to be identified as such public servant in...
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...Abstract Over the past ten years, public trust in the accounting profession has been diminished due to financial scandals brought on by poor decision making, dishonesty and a move away from morals, values, and ethics. With the perception of accounting at an all-time low, there is a need to reinvent the profession. The following pages of this research paper will examine the Model of Organizational Trust, and its three elements of ability, benevolence, and integrity. The three elements will be defined and explained using support from peer-reviewed articles. The report will also discuss the ways in which the elements are incorporated in the AICPA’s Code of Professional Conduct. The elements will be examined to learn the ways in which they help to promote trust in the accounting profession and finally, suggestions will be proposed to help improve public trust in the accounting profession. Introduction An essential component every profession must possess in order to garner satisfaction and commitment from clients and customers is trust. Trust cannot be gained quickly; it is developed over time through interactions, observations, and an understanding of another’s beliefs and values (Mayer, Davis, Schoorman, 1995). However, a person’s stated beliefs do not often dictate their behavior. In pursuit of professional goals, individuals often set aside what they know to be right and act in a manner that benefits them either financially, with recognition, or in some other manner (Six...
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...Paper 5 The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair BY GRAHAM DIETZ AND NICOLE GILLESPIE Published by the Institute of Business Ethics Occasional Paper 5 Authors Dr Graham Dietz is a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour at Durham University, UK. His research focuses on trust repair after organisational failures, as well as trust-building across cultures. Together with his co-author on this report, his most recent co-edited book is Organizational Trust: A cultural perspective (Cambridge University Press). Dr Nicole Gillespie is a Senior Lecturer in Management at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research focuses on building, repairing and measuring trust in organisations and across cultural and professional boundaries. In addition, Nicole researches in the areas of leadership, teams and employee engagement. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the contact persons in the featured organisations for their comments on an earlier draft of this Paper. The IBE is particularly grateful to Severn Trent and BAE Systems for their support of this project. All rights reserved. To reproduce or transmit this book in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, please obtain prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational...
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...A. Sherman Act (1890) is meant to prevent activities that a business may do that the federal government regulators believe to be anticompetitive. The Act maintains that the federal government is to examine and track trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation. It was the first federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies. (Sherman Antitrust Act, 2014) Clayton Act provides clarification to the Sherman Act of 1890. It is meant to encourage competition with businesses within the United States, discourage formation of monopolies, and prohibit price discrimination, price fixing and unfair business practices. (Clayton Antitrust Act, 2014) Robinson-Patman Act (1936) prohibits a business from selling the same item to one company for a different price while selling the same item to another company for a different price. This protects smaller businesses by limiting the large company's ability to command discriminatory discounts through its purchasing power. (Robinson-Patman Act, 2014) Federal Trade Commission Act enforces the other three antitrust laws by preventing unfair competition and deceptive practices. This act discourages businesses from entering into unlawful competition. B1. Industrial regulation deals with the government regulation of a business pricing in certain markets. It helps to decrease the control of oligopolies, prevent conspiracy and increase competition among companies. This regulation helps the consumer know that oligopoly...
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...divided in three parts. The first part is an introduction, I have given a definition of what is a Trust, according to the Common Law, then I have explained how the corporate trusts were formed in America, and how and why the Antitrust Legislation was born, and how it has evolved. Therefore, I have discussed about the influence of the American Antitrust Law on the on the European Legislation covering this matter. In the second part, I have discussed about the Italian Antitrust Law, the monopoly of state and task of the Italian Competion Authority. In the third part, I have explained what is a conflict of interest and how the Italian Antitrust Law try to regulate it ( Frattini Law). At the conclusion I have mentioned some cases of conflict of interest in Italy, such as the one of the former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, and how the former has not yet been solved. Keywords Trust, Antitrust Law Competition Authority Conflict of interest Frattini law Introduction Overview on the Antitrust Law in America and Europe The trust，definition Originally, a trust, in the Common law, is a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of another. A trust is created by a settlor, who transfers property to a trustee. The trustee holds that property for the trust's beneficiaries. Similar systems existed since Roman times. An owner of property that places property into trust turns over part of his or her bundle of rights to the trustee, separating the property's legal ownership and...
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...is that the United States has several laws that are intended to further fair, balanced, and competitive business practices. Are such laws effective? If not, why? There are several laws in place such as the Sherman Antitrust Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act. Anti-Trust laws limit what businesses can and cannot do to ensure that all competitors have an equal chance of succeeding. (Bovee and Thill p. 39). We will discuss each of these laws throughout the paper and hopefully answer the question that was originally asked. The United States laws that are in place currently are typical effective as control measures to ensure fair business practices are followed. Determining the success or failure of specific legislation or regulations can be relative to what angle you are looking from. With anti-trust laws we are insured safeness from unreasonable trade, price discrimination and unfair and anti-competitive business practices. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act In 1890, Congress enacted the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, which is a law designed to restore competition and free enterprise by breaking up monopolies. The Act of July 2, 1890 (Sherman Anti-Trust Act) states that: “This Act outlaws all contracts, combinations, and conspiracies that unreasonably restrain interstate and foreign trade. This includes agreements among competitors to fix prices, rig bids, and allocate customers, which are punishable as criminal felonies.” (The Act of July 2, 1890...
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...Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair BY GRAHAM DIETZ AND NICOLE GILLESPIE Published by the Institute of Business Ethics Occasional Paper 5 Authors Dr Graham Dietz is a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour at Durham University, UK. His research focuses on trust repair after organisational failures, as well as trust-building across cultures. Together with his co-author on this report, his most recent co-edited book is Organizational Trust: A cultural perspective (Cambridge University Press). Dr Nicole Gillespie is a Senior Lecturer in Management at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research focuses on building, repairing and measuring trust in organisations and across cultural and professional boundaries. In addition, Nicole researches in the areas of leadership, teams and employee engagement. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the contact persons in the featured organisations for their comments on an earlier draft of this Paper. The IBE is particularly grateful to Severn Trent and BAE Systems for their support of this project. All rights reserved. To reproduce or transmit this book in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, please obtain prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair Price...
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...environment. Salvatore (2012) goes on to describe that starting with the Sherman Act of 1890, a number of antitrust laws were passed to prevent monopoly or undue concentration of economic power, protect the public against the abuses and inefficiencies resulting from monopoly or the concentration of economic power and maintain a workable degree of competition in the U.S. economy. First, lets discuss regulations and the ways that government has been able to restrict competition. Government regulation has four main purposes, preventing abuses, protecting consumers, limiting negative externalities and promoting competition. These regulations includes things like licensing, restrictions on price competition, as well as patents. Regulations will also help ensure economic stability by keeping the unemployment rate low as well as keeping the inflation rate low. A license is often required for a business just to operate and remain open. A business such as TV, radio stations, child care services; professions like medicine and law; and trades such as plumbers, electricians and real estate brokers as well as dietitians and taxi cab drivers all need a license in order to operate. The government requires license of these businesses and professions in order to protect the public against things like fraud and harm. The government also has restrictions on price competition in order to guarantee parity in pricing in areas such as trucking rates, agriculture, shipping rates and airline...
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...I have chosen to write on antitrust laws. Antitrust laws enable a free market to thrive and flourish without the fear of monopolization. Monopolization in itself isn’t a bad thing. There are naturally occurring monopolies like public utilities and when a firm is the only producer of a particular good or service. This single firm or company because the scale of economies is so large that they can supply the entire market at a lower cost than any other competing firm could. Monopolies become a problem when a firm or corporation is the only producer selling a particular good or service, this monopoly wills tend to produce fewer products at a high price. This meanwhile is not productive of a free market. The antitrust laws that are in place today came about from the Sherman Act of 1890. This act was created when the public grew resentfully of the trusts that emerged in the 1870’s and 1880’s. The Sherman Act states that “Every contract, combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among several states, or with foreign nations is declared to be illegal.” This surprising short sentence is the cornerstone for our antitrust laws today. The Sherman Act basically outlawed restraints of trade, meaning anything that would restrain the flow of free trade. This gave a firm foundation for new and current business to enter into the market place; there would be no fear that they would be pushed out of the market either by price-fixing or collusion...
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...media has affected modern day society. It has enabled us as society to learn more, easier, and faster. It has allowed us to connect with people that we couldn’t even imagine in doing so 10 or 15 years ago. It has made work easier and faster even, and more efficiently. One of the things that has been bad about it, it’s now easier to steal information and call it yours (plagiarism). With the vast information that is out there, even though some of it is false and isn’t accurate and misleading (Walter, 2013). Digital media gives historians the ability to exponentially expand storage space for object or archival research. This expanded space also allows archives and museums share collections not on display in their institutions with the public. It has capacity, accessibility, flexibility, diversity, manipulability, interactivity, hyper textuality, quality, durability, readability, passivity,...
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...A cross-level process theory of trust development in interorganizational relationships Abstract Most research on trust in inter-organizational relationships focuses on a single level of analysis, typically the individual or organizational level, and treats trust as a fairly static phenomenon. To stimulate more cross-level research, we propose a theoretical model that explains how trust in inter-organizational relationships is related across various levels of analysis. At the same time, our model emphasizes the dynamic aspect of trust by examining how trust develops throughout consecutive relationship stages. Drawing from several programs of research, we identify the mechanisms that drive the progression of trust across levels as the inter-organizational relationship unfolds. Starting with the boundary spanner as the key individual at the beginning of a new collaboration, we specify how trust gradually becomes part of the fabric of organizational action. By integrating micro and macro approaches over time, the proposed model contributes to a better understanding of how trust evolves in inter-organizational relationships. Keywords Alliance dynamics, cross-level effects, institutionalization, inter-organizational relationships, multilevel theory, strategic alliances, trust Introduction In the development of the management of inter-organisational relationships, the issue of trust has increasingly become the main focus (MacDuffie, 2011; Zaheer and Harris, 2006). ...
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...___________________________________________________________________________ Interviewer: Good Evening, Sir. Interviewee: Yes. Interviewer: Can you give us a brief background about yourself; where you have worked; the work culture at that place and the designation which you hold? Interviewee: I am a project manager in Central Design Unit of Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers. I am the project manager of a naval base project and I have been assigned a group of 3 engineers and 6 supervisors. When a new project comes, we sit together with our boss and the subordinates; discuss various aspects of the project, try to incorporate every one’s opinion and try to make the project a success. Interviewer: Can you elicit one occasion where you felt the trust in the relationship which you had with your peers or subordinates was developed over time. How did it happen? Interviewee: As I have told you, we are always trying to develop a cordial relationship by sitting together discussing various aspects of the project, taking the views of subordinates and boss, then my boss and I sit together and chalk out the program and then as a project manager I assign the job to everyone. Normally I work hard and I try to be honest with subordinates so that everyone is encouraged to do hard work and complete the work in time. It increases the efficiency of the organization as a whole. I try to maintain an informal relationship with subordinates by trying to solve their personal problems, celebrate every birthday...
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...considerable profit. Other individuals, seeing the success of this industry, would try to enter the market in order to compete. This idea is the very basis of free market and capitalist economies. But sometimes there are situations where an individual will have a product or service that is better, cheaper, or quicker than everyone else; so much so that they are the only ones that can effectively provide it. When this occurs, competing businesses and giant government entities will stop at nothing to shut it down. The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Clayton Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act make up the current US antitrust laws. The antitrust laws are supposed to promote and protect competition. The philosophy behind the laws is that trusts and monopolies will stagnate markets and prevent others from engaging in healthy market competition. A monopoly is defined as a situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. (Investorwords, 2010) Antitrust law legislation started with the Sherman Act that was passed in 1890. The intent of the law was put in place to challenge the unchecked growth of corporations. By 1888, large corporations gained enough market muscle to dominate entire industries. The Sherman Act outlaws all contracts, combinations, and conspiracies that unreasonably restrain interstate trade. This includes agreements among competitors to fix prices, rig bids and allocate consumers. The Act also makes...
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...violations with less severe consequences. The federal government enforces three major antitrust laws. These laws address unfair practices that deprive businesses the benefits of interstate and international trade. Federal antitrust laws apply to virtually all industries and to every level of business, including manufacturing, transportation, distribution, and marketing. The Sherman Antitrust Act Passed on July 2, 1890, the Sherman Antitrust Act was the first major legislation passed to address the business practices associated with oppressive monopolies. It was named for Senator John Sherman of Ohio, who was Secretary of the Treasury under President Hayes. The Sherman Antitrust Act is a federal law prohibiting any contract, trust, or conspiracy from participating in the...
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