...Situation analysis 5. 2.1 external forces 6. 2.2 internal forces 7. 3.0 target publics 8. 4.0 objectives 9. 5.0 strategies 10. 6.0 projects and action plan 11. 6.1 specific tasks 12. 6.2 time frame, 7.0 conclusion 1.0 Executive summary: McDonalds is an internationally recognized organization as a leading global foodservice retailer. With 34,000 restaurants worldwide, 1.8 million employees, serving approximately 69 million people in 119 countries each day. Although it is a leading foodservice retailer there are some areas that should be address, that if fulfilled can greatly increase business for the company. The main issue with all fast food services is the way they are viewed in the public eye as they are so heavily monitored by the media. Many individuals and families are reluctant to purchase fast food in general due to the reputation of poor quality nutrition and lack of healthier options; this is an issue McDonalds will have to conquer through marketing, advertising and public relations. Advertising will also be vital to gain the awareness through the main channels of communication. McDonalds already has extensive advertisement via television and billboards. Brand awareness would greatly increase if there was more advertisement via online, via popular websites such as Facebook and Twitter which are constantly used. McDonalds already has a Public Relations team that is concerned with the way they are perceived, it is vital for their roll...
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...The Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 353–366 doi:10.1111/j.1467-8500.2007.00545.x RESEARCH AND EVALUATION From New Public Management to Public Value: Paradigmatic Change and Managerial Implications Janine O’Flynn The Australian National University Both practitioners and scholars are increasingly interested in the idea of public value as a way of understanding government activity, informing policy-making and constructing service delivery. In part this represents a response to the concerns about ‘new public management’, but it also provides an interesting way of viewing what public sector organisations and public managers actually do. The purpose of this article is to examine this emerging approach by reviewing new public management and contrasting this with a public value paradigm. This provides the basis for a conceptual discussion of differences in approach, but also for pointing to some practical implications for both public sector management and public sector managers. Key words: new public management, public value, role of managers Public sector reform has been a common experience across the world despite its different forms and foci (Pollitt and Bouckaert 2004). Commonly as scholars and practitioners we refer to the reforms of the last few decades as ‘new public management’ (NPM) which, for Hood (1991), represented a paradigmatic break from the traditional model of public administration. During this era several countries became...
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...PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ITS EFFECTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PUBLICS: A CASE STUDY OF MOI TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL LIVINGSTONE WERE MUNYWELE MOI UNIVERSITY, KENYA DECLARATION Declaration by the candidate This research project is my original work and has not been presented to any other examination body. No part of this research project should be produced without my consent or that of the Kenya Institute of Management. Signature…………………………… Date………… Livingstone Were Munywele i ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Without the help and support of the Kenya Institute of Management, I could not have completed this project. I wish to express my gratitude to the supervisor, Mr. Joseph Lelan for his time and support through the study. I also thank him for encouraging me to develop a new area of study. I must also thank my friends and colleagues in the institute, who made me, sit down and finally produce a text after months of collecting materials and thoughts in files and boxes: Irene Nasimiyu, Eunice Focus and Helen Wafula. I would also like to thank the PR manager for allowing me to test new ideas with top managers at their organization. In addition, I thank my many colleagues in the office of the president where I have been honored to work for the last two years. I cannot imagine ever having a letter team in place to work on a project like this. The reviewers who helped me to make the project fully complete also deserve special thanks for their helpful comments and advice. iii ABSTRACT Many organizations...
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... What additional opportunities could be offered? 12. Are you getting the training you need to be successful and safe in performing your job? What specific types of training would you like? 13. Are you doing any training or development on your own? What are they and would these be important for the department to offer? 14. Are technology and equipment resources available for you to do your job successfully? What resources would help you? 15. What could Craig do differently to assist the department to reach the next level? 16. In terms of communication between leadership and staff? What is not working well and how could it be improved in… 17. In terms of communication between departments (i.e., Public Safety, Public Works, Finance…) and divisions – What isn’t working well in terms of communication? How can it be improved in… 18. Do you feel that your needs and goals are being heard by … Please be specific about who, what is occurring and how it could be improved? 19. How familiar are you...
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...Laurie Ewart J3400 Reflection Paper #1 9/18/13 Secondary Research-Chapter 5 As public relations professional, research would be one of the most important aspects of your career. Research should be your first step before launching a new product or marketing plan. If you fail to do the research first, you risk wasting a great deal of time and money on your project. Researching your target marketing is a huge benefit. Secondary research is essentially a summary of data that has already been collected. If you have a question to answer you can easily access the data and analyze it in order to get the answer you are looking for. This is opposed to primary data, which you would have to conduct new research to get the information you need. While secondary research seems to take much less effort, it still had its advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages to secondary research is that it is cost and time effective. Since you will not have to conduct the research you would have very little money and time in simply accessing the data from another source. The amount of time you would save by not conducting research you can now spend on analyzing data or any other areas of your plan that it is needed. Another advantage to secondary research is that you have several different sources that you can utilize to find your data. There are many websites that offer this type of information. One of the largest drawbacks of secondary research is that the results are usually...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | | | | 25/05/2012 | | | Sommaire INTRODUCTION 2 I. DEFINITION OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 4 II. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 4 III. THE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT MODEL 6 IV. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE 8 V. PRINCIPLES THEORIES OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 9 Public Choice Theory 10 Transaction Cost Economics 11 Principal–Agent Theory 11 Microeconomic Theory 12 The New Economic Sociology 13 VI. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AS CRAFT 14 VII. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AS STRUCTURE 16 VIII. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AS INSTITUTION 17 IX. NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 21 CONCLUSION 24 INTRODUCTION Public management is the subject of a rapidly growing literature that is international in scope a multifarious in content. The common sense of public management is relatively straightforward. Good public managers, whatever their particular positions or responsibilities, are men and women with the temperament and skills to organize, motivate, and direct the actions of others in and out of government toward the creation and achievement of goals that warrant the use of public authority. Few public laws and policies are self-executing, and, in their formulation, all might benefit from managerial insight and experience. Under virtually any political philosophy or regime, then, the achievement of good government requires the responsible and competent use of public authority by a government’s...
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...Public Leadership “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things” is a famous quote from Peter Drucker (Psychology Today, 2002-2013). According to Rushaw, author of Leading Public Organization: An Interactive Approach, defines leadership “as an interactive relationship involving power and influence to secure goals and achieve satisfactory reward” (p. 14). A key objective of public leadership is to influence the behaviors of the followers by the leaders to aid in achieving goals. The nature of influence determines the form of power in public leadership, that refers to the ability of a leader to influence others. There are three main sources of power at the expense of the leader to enhance organizational productivity and efficiency; they are legitimate, referent, and expert forms of power. It is as important in knowing and understanding the difference between the private and public sector organizations as it is to know and understand the privacy laws. The privacy laws varies depending on the legislation that an organization is governed under. Leadership in Public Sector According to Rusaw (2001), “the nature of public leaderships is defined by the constitutional basis of his or her work. Public service is chartered by legislation, meaning that the content, scope, and relationship of work is related not to enterprise, but to the authority of law” (p. 2). A public sector organization is an organization owned and operated by the local, state, and...
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...Give a detailed narration unpacking how the Public Relations function has evolved over the years and the challenges that the practice faces in the developing countries. Public Relations function is as old as human civilisation. Published narrations or histories have usually telescoped and oversimplified a fascinating history by emphasising novelty and a few decorated personalities. There have been contributions in the professional literature that impart a meaningful picture of public relations function’s past and present (Cutlip, 1994). It has existed in one form or the other. There are a lot of examples of its varied form, content and end use. An ancient clay tablet, found in Iraq, told the Sumerian farmers how to grow better crops. That was over 4000 years ago. The Arabian tales relate how the celebrated Sultan Haroon-Al-Rashid used to wander about every night in disguise to see for him as to what the people really felt about his administration. However, the available literature makes us inclined to think of public relations as a 20th century phenomenon, but the desire to communicate with others and to deal with the impact of opinion dates back to ancient cultures (Wilcox and Cameron, 2003).Therefore, this paper seeks to give a detailed narration unpacking the public relations function evolution over the years and the challenges that the practice faces in the developing countries. In the Ramayana there is a character called Bhadro who used to report to Rama about...
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...PR Public Relations Review 38 (2012) 5–13 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Public Relations Review Revisiting the concept “dialogue” in public relations Petra Theunissen ∗ , Wan Norbani Wan Noordin 1 School of Communication Studies, Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies, AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 2 October 2010 Received in revised form 14 September 2011 Accepted 14 September 2011 Keywords: Public relations Dialogue Two-way symmetric communication Risk a b s t r a c t This paper follows a critical approach in exploring the philosophical underpinnings and key features of dialogue in public relations practice and thinking. It argues that dialogue has been uncritically equated to two-way symmetrical communication, which has not done justice to the nature of dialogue, and has effectively stifled concrete development of a dialogic theory in public relations. The paper draws from a range of literature, including mainstream public relations and communication philosophy—in particular the philosophy of Martin Buber. The purpose of this paper is to inform public relations thinking by encouraging debate rather than proposing a new theoretical approach. As such, it sets out to explore the concept of dialogue and its philosophical underpinning, considers its practical application and suggests that it should not be seen as superior to persuasion...
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...REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA Public Administration Country Profile Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM) Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) United Nations July 2004 All papers, statistics and materials contained in the Country Profiles express entirely the opinion of the mentioned authors. They should not, unless otherwise mentioned, be attributed to the Secretariat of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of material on maps in the Country Profiles do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Table of Contents Table of Contents........................................................................................... 1 Botswana...................................................................................................... 2 1. General Information ................................................................................... 3 1.1 People.................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Economy .............................................................................................. 3 1.3 Public Spending ..................................................................................... 4 1.4 Public Sector Employment and...
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...2012 Public Personnel Today Growth in the field of public administration over the last one hundred plus years has resulted in amplified attention on the expectations and overall responsibility of public personnel as the profession has grown over time in society both in increased responsibility and overall increases of the expected impact of a bureaucratic system on its citizens and their quality of life. As a primary employer, the government at its various levels is tasked with the challenge of not only providing safe and effective workplaces but also with the ability to remain somewhat competitive with their private sector counterparts. Attracting and retaining qualified and professional public administration personnel is a key factor and initiative addressed when ensuring public funds are appropriately managed and utilized effectively and efficiently for the greater good. While it is the government’s functional responsibility to provide the necessary services required, they must do so while maintaining a highly regarded and expected standard of living. In its early years, the majority of public officials were assigned their roles based on their socio-economic status and personal relationships, a system that became known as the spoils system. As the economy grew and industrialization changed the perspectives of many, the spoils system became synonymous with an inefficient and ineffective way of assigning personnel to run public organizations and allocate public funds...
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...Public Relations Name: Institution: 1. Mix of media used to implement public relations campaign There are three main mixes of media that were used in the implementation of the public relations campaign. One of these is the use of television. Today, almost all homes in the country own a television set. It is therefore a very effective method of implementing a public relations campaign. The public relations campaign on television needed especially to be done during prime time (Zhang, 2013, p. 1323). During this period, there are numerous people who are watching television. It is therefore very easy for the organization to reach numerous people. This also helped to show the seriousness that the foundation was putting on the issue at hand. The second media mix that the foundation considered using is the use of print media. The organization needed to examine the most popular print media in the nation. It then put the respective public relations campaign in a bid to convey the issue at hand. In using the print media, there are several objectives that the organization hoped to achieve. First, bearing in mind that one is in possession of a newspaper for a period of time, he will be able to examine the news release in details and gain an understanding on all the matters at hand. In addition, this media gives the recipient a chance to issue a comprehensive reply (Kahle, 2001, p. 34). The final media mix is the social media. In the recent past, the social media has gained...
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...i) Concept of public finance The concept of public finance deals with the budgeting techniques of the income and expenditures of a public sector organization, normally a government or federal organization. Public finance is also termed as government finance and is an important sector of economics . The concept of public finance focuses on these relationships and functions may be considered special as they include: Procuring public goods, arranging and funding various transfers (particularly in the social area), directing entities existing in the economy towards socially desirable behaviours; for instance through taxes, penalties, subsidies and other stimuli and charges. In order to arrange the funding of the above-mentioned areas, there is a fiscal system (public budgeting system) whose aim is to collect the required amount of public revenue. Public revenue serves, at various levels of public budgets (governmental, regional and local), to fund public expenditures. Public expenditures, public revenue and particularly taxes may be considered to be the fundamental elements of public finance. Important terms derived from these three elements include deficit, public debt, budgetary policy and fiscal policy. The development of public finance is connected with economic mechanisms that should ideally lead to the effective and fair allocation of limited resources. ii) Major economic functions of any government in the world Governments have in charge different functions for different...
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...Public Goods Public Goods is defined as goods for which rivalry among consumers is absent and exclusion of nonpaying customers is difficult. Public Goods have two distinguishing characteristics; they are non-rival in consumption and non-excludable. Non-rivalry means that making the good available to one consumer does not reduce its availability to others. While non-excludability means that it is impossible to exclude nonpaying customers from receiving the good. Public Goods may be consumed without reducing the amount available for others, and cannot be withheld from those who do not pay for it. However; public goods also known as an item whose consumption is not decided by the individual consumer, but by the society as a whole, and which is financed by taxation. It also include economic statistics and other information such as ,law enforcement, national defenses, parks and other things for the use and benefit of all. While the imperfections of market solutions to public-goods problems must be weighed against the imperfections of government solutions. Governments rely on bureaucracy, respond to poorly informed voters, and have weak incentives to serve consumers. Therefore they produce inefficiently. Furthermore, politicians may supply public “goods” in a manner to serve their own interests rather than the interests of the public. Examples of wasteful government spending and pork barrel projects are legion. Government often creates a problem of “forced...
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...The old debate on the public versus the private sector— which one of the two is better for the growth of Indian economy—has been long alive. It has assumed increased importance with India’s recent impressive performance in all fields—from IT to computer software, from telecommunications to health, from generation of energy to manufacturing of industrial goods. While the popular belief is that most of the public sector undertakings are white elephants—a drain on the Indian economy, the fact remains that many public sector undertakings, mainly in the field of telecommunications and petroleum and gas explorations such as the Bharat Sanchar Nigam and the National Thermal Power Corporation, have outperformed most of the private sector undertakings in the same fields and registered more profits than them.In telecommunications, the Bharat Sanchar Nigam continues to lead from the front leaving many big and reputed private players such as Bharti Mobile, Bharti Telenet, BTA Cellcom, Escotel Mobile Communication, Tata Internet Services and Hutchison Telecom East far behind. Where the private players have even made losses, the Bharat Sanchar Nigam has made huge profits. In the banking sector, too, public sector undertakings remain far ahead vis-a-vis most of the private players in the business. In the finance sector, predominantly banking, public sector undertakings have accounted hugely for the aggregate net profits compared to private sector undertakings. The situation remains...
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